Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa nan da shekaru 30, za a rage rabin ruwan da ya dace da sha. Daga dukkan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, fresh na ruwa mai dadi a doron duniya yana cikin mawuyacin hali - a cikin kankara, kuma kawai ¼ - a cikin jikin ruwa. Ana samun wadatar ruwan sha a duniya a cikin tabkunan ruwa mai kyau. Mafi shahararrun su sune kamar haka:
- Sama;
- Tanganyika;
- Baikal;
- Ladoga;
- Onega;
- Sarez;
- Ritsa;
- Balkhash da sauransu.
Baya ga tabkuna, wasu koguna ma sun dace da sha, amma zuwa wata kaɗan. Ana ƙirƙirar tekun wucin gadi da wuraren tafki don adana ruwa mai tsafta. Mafi yawan ruwa a duniya sun mallaki Brazil, Rasha, USA, Canada, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Peru, da dai sauransu.
Rashin ruwan sha
Masana suna jayayya cewa idan da duk rafin da ke da ruwa mai kyau a raba yake a duniya, to da za a sami isasshen ruwan sha ga dukkan mutane. Koyaya, waɗannan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ba ta rarrabuwa, kuma akwai matsala irin ta duniya a duniya kamar ƙarancin ruwan sha. Akwai matsaloli game da wadatar ruwan sha a Ostiraliya da Asiya (Gabas, Tsakiya, Arewa), a arewa maso gabashin Mexico, a Chile, Ajantina, har ma da kusan Afirka. Gabaɗaya, ana fuskantar ƙarancin ruwa a ƙasashe 80 na duniya.
Babban mai amfani da ruwan sha shine noma, tare da ƙaramin rabo na amfani da birni. A kowace shekara bukatar ruwan sha yana ƙaruwa, kuma yawanta yana raguwa. Ba ta da lokacin ci gaba. Sakamakon karancin ruwa:
- rage yawan amfanin gona;
- karuwar yawan cututtukan mutane;
- rashin ruwa daga mutanen da ke zaune a yankuna masu bushewa;
- ƙara yawan mutuwar mutane daga rashin ruwan sha.
Warware matsalar karancin ruwa mai tsafta
Hanya ta farko da za'a magance matsalar karancin ruwan sha shine kiyaye ruwa, wanda kowa a duniya zai iya yi. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a rage yawan amfani da shi, hana kwararar ruwa, kunna famfo a kan lokaci, ba gurɓata da amfani da albarkatun ruwa yadda ya dace ba. Hanya ta biyu ita ce samar da ruwa mai kyau. Masana sun ba da shawarar inganta fasahar tsaftace ruwa da sarrafa shi, wanda hakan zai tseratar da shi. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a sauya ruwan gishiri zuwa ruwa mai kyau, wanda shine hanya mafi alkawura don magance matsalar ƙarancin ruwa.
Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a canza hanyoyin amfani da ruwa a harkar noma, alal misali, amfani da ban ruwa mai ban ruwa. Wajibi ne ayi amfani da wasu hanyoyin na hydrosphere - yi amfani da glaciers da yin rijiyoyi masu zurfin gaske don haɓaka adadin albarkatu. Idan muna aiki koyaushe don haɓaka fasahohi, to a nan gaba za a sami damar magance matsalar ƙarancin ruwan sha.
