Tsarin halittu, babban harsashi na Duniya, wanda dukkan rayayyun halittu suke a ciki, shine tsarin halittu na duniya. Ya kunshi hydrosphere, yanayin da ke kasa, lithosphere na sama. Babu iyakoki masu iyaka na halittar, yana cikin yanayin cigaba da cigaba.
Tun daga lokacin bayyanar mutum, yakamata mutum yayi magana game da yanayin anthropogenic na tasiri akan yanayin rayuwa. A zamaninmu, saurin wannan tasirin yana ƙaruwa musamman. Anan ga wasu misalan misalan ayyukan dan Adam wadanda suka tabarbare da yanayin yanayin rayuwa: karancin albarkatun kasa, gurbatar muhalli, amfani da sabbin fasahohin da basu da hadari, yawaitar duniya. Don haka, mutum na iya yin tasiri sosai ga canje-canje a cikin tsarin halittu na duniya kuma ya sa shi zama mai rauni.
Matsaloli na lafiyar muhalli na biosphere
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da matsalolin lafiyar muhalli na halittu. Tunda ayyukan ɗan adam yana haifar da barazana ga baƙuwar rayayyar duniya, tasirin halittar ɗan adam yana haifar da lalata halittu da lalata halittu na fure da dabbobi, canje-canje a cikin sauƙin ɓawon burodi da yanayin duniya. A sakamakon haka, an sami fashewa a cikin lithosphere da gibba a cikin biosphere. Kari kan haka, yanayi na iya cutar da kanta: bayan fitowar dutsen mai fitad da wuta, adadin iskar carbon dioxide a sararin samaniya ya karu, girgizar kasa na sauya sauyi, gobara da ambaliyar ruwa suna haifar da lalata tsirrai da dabbobin.
Don kiyaye tsarin halittu na duniya, dole ne mutum ya fahimci matsalar lalata halittar rayuwa kuma ya fara aiki akan matakai biyu. Tunda wannan matsala ta yanayin duniya ce, dole ne a magance ta a matakin jiha, sabili da haka tana da tushen doka. Jihohin zamani suna haɓakawa da aiwatar da manufofi da nufin magance matsalolin duniya na halittu. Bugu da kari, kowane mutum na iya ba da gudummawa ga wannan sanannen abu: don kare albarkatun yanayi da amfani da su da hankali, don zubar da shara da amfani da fasahar adana albarkatu.
Irƙirar yankuna masu kariya azaman hanyar kiyaye yanayin rayuwa
Mun riga mun san irin matsalar da duniyarmu ke ciki, kuma ta hanyar laifin mutane da kansu. Kuma wannan ba laifin magabata bane, amma na al'ummomin yanzu, tunda mafi girman lalacewa ya fara faruwa ne kawai a cikin karni na ashirin tare da amfani da sabbin fasahohi. Matsalar kiyaye Duniya ta fara tasowa cikin al'umma ba da jimawa ba, amma, duk da matasanta, matsalolin muhalli suna jan hankalin mutane da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai ainihin masu gwagwarmaya na ainihi da ilimin halittu.
Don inganta yadda yanayin muhalli yake da kuma adana wasu abubuwan halittu, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Suna kiyaye yanayi a cikin asalinsu, an hana shi sare bishiyoyi da farautar dabbobi a cikin wuraren da aka kiyaye. Kariyar irin waɗannan abubuwa da kariya ta yanayi ana bayar da su ne daga jihohin da ƙasar suke.
Duk wani wurin ajiye namun daji ko kuma gandun dajin kasa wuri ne na halitta wanda kowane irin fure na gari yake tsiro da yardar rai. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman don kiyaye nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire. Dabbobi suna yawo a yankin cikin yardar kaina. Suna rayuwa irin ta da. A lokaci guda, mutane suna aiwatar da ƙaramin aiki:
- sa ido kan yawan alumma da alakar mutane;
- bi da dabbobin da suka ji rauni da marasa lafiya;
- a lokuta masu wahala, jefa abinci;
- kare dabbobi daga mafarauta wadanda suka shiga yankin ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Bugu da kari, masu yawon bude ido da masu ziyarar shakatawa suna da damar da za su lura da dabbobi daban-daban daga nesa. Yana taimakawa wajen kawo mutane da duniyar ta kusa kusa. Yana da kyau a kawo yara zuwa irin waɗannan wuraren domin a cusa musu kaunar yanayi kuma a koya musu cewa ba za a iya lalata su ba. A sakamakon haka, ana adana flora da fauna a wuraren shakatawa da wuraren adanawa, kuma tunda babu aikin ɗan adam, babu gurɓatar yanayin rayuwa.
