Da yake magana game da hamada, da farko, muna wakiltar fadada yashi, inda babu ruwa, babu dabbobi ko tsire-tsire. Amma wannan shimfidar wuri ba ko'ina bane, kuma yanayin cikin hamada yana da matukar banbanci. Hamada gida ne ga wasu nau'in tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciyawar dabbobi, kwari da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wannan yana nufin suna da abin da za su ci a cikin hamada.
Duk da yanayin zafi da bushewa, iska mai ƙarfi da iska mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin ruwa, wakilan duniyar dabbobi suna iya rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin. Yawancin jinsunan flora suma sun dace da waɗannan yanayin.
Yaya yanayin rayuwar shuke-shuke a cikin hamada?
Fure na cikin gida yana da gyare-gyare wanda ya rayu:
- ƙaya;
- tsarin tushen karfi;
- ganyen nama;
- karamin tsawo.
Wadannan karbuwa suna bawa shuke-shuke damar samun gindin zama a cikin kasar. Dogayen jijiyoyi suna isa ga ruwan karkashin kasa, kuma ganye suna riƙe da danshi na dogon lokaci. Tunda bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi suna girma a wani ɗan nesa da juna, zasu iya ɗaukar danshi zuwa matsakaici a cikin radius. Sai kawai a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi fure ke wanzuwa a cikin hamada.
Waɗanne nau'ikan flora ke tsirowa a hamada?
Tsarin florar hamada abu ne mai ban mamaki. Akwai nau'ikan cacti iri-iri a wannan yankin. Sun zo da girma dabam-dabam da siffofi, amma gabaɗaya suna da ƙarfi da spiny. Wasu nau'in suna rayuwa kusan shekara ɗari. Aloe shima ana samunsa anan, tare da ƙaya da ganyen nama.
Baobabs suna girma cikin hamada. Waɗannan bishiyoyi ne waɗanda ke da katako da dogaye da yawa, saboda haka ana ba su ƙarfi ta hanyoyin da suke samun ruwa daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Shuke-shuke masu tsire-tsire iri-iri suna gama gari a cikin hamada. Itace jojoba ma anan take tsirowa, daga 'ya'yan itacen da aka samo mai mai mahimmanci.
A cikin hamada, akwai kananan tsire-tsire masu yawa waɗanda ke yin furanni yayin ruwan sama. A wannan lokacin, hamada riguna a cikin furanni masu launuka. Daga cikin ƙananan tsire-tsire akwai ƙayatar raƙumi da saxaul.
Daga cikin sauran tsire-tsire a cikin hamada suna shuka lithops da elm, creosote daji da tsefe, hatsi, stapelia. Wormwood, sedge, bluegrass da sauran shuke-shuke masu ganye, bishiyoyi da shrubs suna girma cikin oases.
Dukkanin tsire-tsire masu hamada sun dace da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Amma, duk da ƙayayuwa, ƙaya, ƙarami, tsirrai na hamada na da kyau da ban mamaki. Lokacin da hazo ya fadi, tsire-tsire har ma sun yi fure. Waɗanda suka ga hamada mai furanni da idanunsu ba za su taɓa mantawa da wannan kyakkyawar mu'ujiza ta yanayi ba.
Yadda tsire-tsire suka dace da rayuwa a cikin hamada
Dabbobi iri-iri a cikin hamada mai yuwuwa ne saboda suna da sauye-sauye na musamman kuma sun bambanta sosai da ciyayi na dazuzzuka da steppes. Idan tsire-tsire na waɗannan yankuna na halitta suna da tushe da rassa masu ƙarfi, to tsire-tsire masu hamada suna da ƙanƙan bakin ciki wanda danshi ke tarawa a ciki. Ganye da rassa suna gyaruwa cikin ƙayoyi da rassa. Wasu tsire-tsire suna da ma'auni maimakon ganye, misali, a cikin saxaul. Duk da cewa tsire-tsire masu hamada ba su da yawa, suna da tsayi mai karfi kuma mai karfi wanda zai basu damar kafewa a cikin kasar yashi. A matsakaici, tsawon asalin sun kai mita 5-10, kuma a cikin wasu nau'in har ma fiye. Wannan yana bawa tushen damar isa ga ruwan karkashin kasa wanda tsirrai ke ci. Don kowane shrub, itace ko tsire-tsire mai ɗorewa ya sami isasshen danshi, suna girma akan takamaiman shuka banda juna.
Don haka, nau'ikan furanni iri daban-daban sun dace da rayuwa a cikin hamada. Tunda cacti yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma wasu mutane suna girma sama da shekaru 100. Siffofi da launuka daban-daban suna da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke fure musamman a cikin ruwan sama. A wasu wurare, zaku iya samun gandun daji na saxaul na asali. Zasu iya girma cikin sifar bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi, waɗanda suka kai kimanin mita 5, amma kuma akwai ƙarin. Ana samun manyan bishiyoyi a cikin hamada. Zai iya zama acacias mai yashi. Suna da kututture na sirara da ƙananan ganye tare da ƙananan furanni shunayya. Gidan daji yana da furanni mai rawaya. An daidaita shi zuwa tsawan ruwa mai ɗaci da matsanancin yanayi, yana tsoratar da dabbobi, yana fitar da wari mara daɗi. Succulents daban-daban suna girma cikin hamada, misali, lithops. Yana da kyau a nanata cewa kowane hamada a cikin duniya na iya ba ku mamaki da bambancin da kyawun fure.
