Sharar masana'antu da ta gida ita ce babbar sharar da ɗan adam ya haifar. Don kar ya fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, dole ne a zubar da shi. Mafi yawan sharar gida ana samar da ita ne ta hanyar masana'antar kwal da ƙarafa, shuke-shuke masu amfani da wuta da kuma ilimin sunadarai. A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, adadin sharar mai guba ya karu. Lokacin da suke narkewa, ba wai kawai suna gurbata ruwa, da kasa, da iska ba, har ma suna cutar da tsirrai, dabbobi, kuma suna cutar da lafiyar mutum. Na dabam, haɗarin shi ne binne ɓarna mai haɗari, waɗanda aka manta da su, kuma a wurinsu an gina gidaje da tsari iri-iri. Irin waɗannan gurbatattun wuraren na iya zama wuraren da fashewar nukiliya ta auku a ƙasan ƙasa.
Tarin sharar gida da sufuri
Ana tattara nau'ikan sharar gida da shara a cikin kwandunan shara na musamman da aka girka a kusa da duk gine-ginen zama da gine-ginen jama'a, haka kuma a cikin kwantena. Kwanan nan, an yi amfani da masu sarrafa shara, an tsara su don wasu irin sharar gida:
- gilashi;
- takarda da kwali;
- sharar roba;
- wasu nau'in shara.
Amfani da tankuna tare da rarrabe datti zuwa nau'ikan shine matakin farko na zubar dashi. Wannan zai kawo sauki ga ma’aikatan su daidaita shi a wuraren shara. Daga baya, ana aika wasu nau'in sharar don sake sarrafawa, misali, takarda da gilashi. Sauran abubuwan da aka ɓata kuwa aka aika su zuwa wuraren shara da shara.
Game da zubar da shara, hakan na faruwa ne a wasu lokuta, amma wannan ba ya taimaka wajen kawar da wasu matsalolin. Sharar kwandon sharar suna cikin yanayin tsafta da tsafta, suna jan kwari da beraye, kuma suna fitar da wari mara kyau.
Matsalar zubar da shara
Sharar datti a duniyarmu tana da kyau saboda wasu dalilai:
- rashin isassun kudade;
- matsalar daidaita tarin almubazzaranci da tsaka tsaki;
- cibiyar sadarwa mai rauni;
- rashin wayewar kan jama'a game da buƙatar datti da jefa shi cikin kwantenan da aka keɓe kawai;
- ba a amfani da damar sake amfani da shara zuwa cikin albarkatun kasa na sakandare.
Wata hanyar zubar da shara ita ce ta hanyar takin wasu nau'ikan shara. Masana'antu masu hangen nesa suna sarrafa albarkatun gas daga sharar gida da albarkatun ƙasa. Ana iya amfani dashi don dalilai na samarwa, ana amfani dashi a rayuwar yau da kullun. Hanyar zubar da shara mafi gama gari, wacce ake aiwatarwa a wurare da yawa, ita ce ƙone ƙazamar shara.
Don kada nutsuwa cikin shara, dole ne ɗan adam yayi tunani game da magance matsalar zubar da shara kuma ya canza ayyukan da nufin kawar da sharar. Ana iya sake yin fa'ida Kodayake wannan zai ɗauki kuɗi mai yawa, za a sami damar ƙirƙirar wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi.
Warware matsalolin duniya game da gurbatar muhalli
Zubar da shara, na gida da na masana'antar hanya ce ta hankali ga irin wannan matsalar ta duniya kamar gurɓatar muhalli. Don haka, masana sun kirga cewa a cikin 2010, ɗan adam yana samar da kimanin tan miliyan 3.5 na shara kowace rana. Yawancinsu suna tarawa a cikin biranen birni. Masana muhalli sun yi hasashen cewa a wannan adadin, nan da shekarar 2025, mutane za su samar da tan miliyan 6 na shara a kowace rana. Idan komai ya ci gaba ta wannan hanyar, to a cikin shekaru 80 wannan adadi zai kai tan miliyan 10 a kowace rana kuma mutane za su nutsar da kansu a shara.
Kawai don rage zubar da shara ta duniya, kuma kuna buƙatar sake amfani da shara. Wannan ana aiwatar dashi sosai a Arewacin Amurka da Turai, tunda waɗannan yankuna suna ba da gudummawa mafi girma ga gurɓata duniya. Sharar datti tana samun ƙaruwa a yau, yayin da al'adun muhalli na mutane ke ƙaruwa kuma sabbin fasahohin muhalli ke haɓaka, waɗanda ake ƙara shigo da su cikin tsarin samar da masana'antun zamani da yawa.
Dangane da asalin inganta yanayin muhalli a Amurka da Turai, matsalar gurɓatar muhalli tare da datti na ƙaruwa a wasu sassan duniya. Don haka a cikin Asiya, wato a cikin China, yawan ɓarnar shara na ƙaruwa akai-akai kuma masana suna hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2025 waɗannan alamun za su haɓaka sosai. Nan da shekarar 2050, ana sa ran barnar da za ta karu cikin sauri a Afirka. Dangane da wannan, dole ne a warware matsalar gurbatar yanayi tare da shara ba kawai da sauri ba, har ma a cikin mahalli, kuma, idan zai yiwu, dole ne a kawar da cibiyoyin tara kayan shara na gaba. Don haka, cibiyoyin sake amfani da masana'antu dole ne a tsara su a duk ƙasashe na duniya, kuma a lokaci guda suna aiwatar da manufofin bayani ga yawan jama'a don su rarraba almubazzaranci da amfani da albarkatu daidai, adana fa'idodin halitta da na wucin gadi.
