Nau'o'in halittu a cikin yanayi

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Tsarin muhalli ko tsarin halitta yana dauke shi a matsayin babban hulda da kwayoyin halittu masu rai tare da mazaunin su mara rai. Suna tasiri kan juna, kuma haɗin kansu yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye rayuwa. Ma'anar "yanayin halittu" gamamme ne, bashi da girman jiki, tunda ya hada da teku da hamada, kuma a lokaci guda karamin kududdufi da fure. Tsarin halittu suna da matukar banbanci kuma sun dogara da yawancin dalilai kamar yanayi, yanayin ƙasa da ayyukan ɗan adam.

Babban ra'ayi

Don cikakken fahimtar kalmar "yanayin ƙasa", yi la'akari da shi ta amfani da misalin gandun daji. Gandun daji ba shine kawai yawan adadin bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi ba, amma hadadden tsarin abubuwa ne masu rai masu rai da marasa rai (duniya, hasken rana, iska). Kwayoyin halitta sun hada da:

  • shuke-shuke;
  • dabbobi;
  • kwari;
  • mosses;
  • lichens;
  • kwayoyin cuta;
  • namomin kaza.

Kowace kwayar halitta ta cika rawar da ta ke a bayyane, kuma aikin gama gari na dukkanin abubuwa masu rai da wadanda ba masu rai ba suna haifar da daidaito ga sassaucin tsarin halittu. Duk lokacin da wani muhimmin abu ko kuma wata sabuwar halitta ta shiga cikin halittun, sakamakon mummunan abu na iya faruwa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da cutarwa. Tsarin halittu zai iya lalacewa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam ko masifu na bala'i.

Nau'o'in halittu

Dogaro da sifar bayyanuwar, akwai manyan nau'ikan halittu uku:

  1. Macroecosystem. Babban sikelin tsari wanda aka yi shi da ƙananan tsarin. Misali shine hamada, wani gandun daji mai zurfin teku ko teku wanda dubban nau'in dabbobi da tsire-tsire suke zaune.
  2. Tsarin Mesoecosystem. Earamin yanayin ƙasa (kandami, gandun daji ko ƙarancin haske).
  3. Microecosystem. Aramin yanayin yanayin ƙasa wanda yake kwaikwayon ƙaramar yanayin halittu da yawa (akwatin kifaye, gawar dabba, layin kamun kifi, kututture, kududdufin ruwan da ke rayuwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta).

Bambancin yanayin halittu shine basu da iyakoki bayyananne. Mafi yawanci suna taimakon juna ko kuma hamada, teku da tekuna sun raba su.

Mutum yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar halittu. A zamaninmu, don saduwa da manufofinsa, ɗan adam yana ƙirƙirar sabo kuma yana lalata tsarin muhalli da ake dasu. Dogaro da hanyar samuwar, ana rarraba halittu gida biyu:

  1. Tsarin halitta. An halicce shi ne sakamakon tasirin yanayi, yana iya murmurewa da kansa kuma ya haifar da mummunan yanayi, daga halitta zuwa lalacewa.
  2. Tsarin halittu na wucin gadi ko na ɗan adam. Ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire da dabbobi waɗanda ke rayuwa a yanayin da hannayen mutane suka ƙirƙira (fili, makiyaya, tafki, lambun tsirrai).

Daya daga cikin mafi girman tsarin halittu na wucin gadi shine birni. Mutum ne ya ƙirƙira shi don dacewar rayuwarsa kuma ya ƙirƙira shigar da ƙarfi ta wucin gadi ta hanyar gas da bututun ruwa, wutar lantarki da dumama jiki. Koyaya, tsarin halittu na wucin gadi yana buƙatar ƙarin shigarwar kuzari da abubuwa daga waje.

Tsarin halittu na duniya

Gabaɗaya dukkanin tsarin muhalli sun zama tsarin yanayin ƙasa na duniya - biosphere. Wannan ita ce mafi girman hadaddiyar ma'amala tsakanin halittu masu rai da marasa rai akan duniyar tamu. Yana cikin daidaituwa saboda daidaituwar nau'ikan halittu masu yawa da nau'ikan halittu masu rai. Yana da girma sosai har ya rufe:

  • fuskar duniya;
  • ɓangaren sama na lithosphere;
  • ƙananan ɓangaren yanayi;
  • duk jikin ruwa.

Saboda yaduwar abubuwa yau da kullun, tsarin halittu na duniya ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai matukar muhimmanci har na biliyoyin shekaru.

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Kalli bidiyon: Jaruman SIRRIN KYAU A Wani Sabon Yanayi (Nuwamba 2024).