Cacti tsire-tsire ne masu ɗanɗano wanda ya fito a matsayin dangi na musamman sama da shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata. Da farko, sun girma a Kudancin Amurka, amma daga baya, tare da taimakon mutane, sun bazu zuwa duk nahiyoyi. Wasu nau'ikan cacti suna girma a cikin daji a cikin Rasha.
Menene cactus?
Duk wakilan murtsunguwa suna da tsari na musamman wanda ke taimakawa wajen tara ruwa. Mazauninsu na tarihi yankuna ne da ƙarancin ruwan sama da yanayi mai zafi. Duk jikin murtsattsen an rufe shi da ƙayoyi masu kauri, masu kauri, wanda shine kariya mai kariya daga cin abinci. Koyaya, ba duk cacti ke da wayo ba. Iyalin har ila yau sun haɗa da shuke-shuke tare da ganye na yau da kullun, har ma da ƙananan bishiyoyi.
Tun zamanin da, mutane sun kasance suna amfani da murtsattsun mai amfani. Centuriesarnoni da yawa da suka gabata, mutanen da ke zaune a wuraren da ke girma na wannan tsiron sun yi amfani da shi a al'adun addini, magani, da gini. A zamanin yau, ana amfani da cacti a matsayin abinci! Ana cin tsire-tsire daga rukuni na opuntia a Mexico, kuma ana amfani da tushe da stema fruitan.
Saboda fitowar sa ta almubazzaranci, sai aka fara amfani da murtsattsun a matsayin shuke-shuke na ado. An halicci shinge masu aminci daga manyan nau'in. Speciesananan nau'ikan sun bazu a cikin tukwane da gadajen filawa. Ganin cewa murtsunguwar ruwa baya buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, ya zama ya dace sosai don kiyayewa a cikin cibiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi, inda shayar da furanni galibi ba safai ba.
Akwai adadi mai yawa na murtsatsi a duniya. Tsarin zamani ya raba su zuwa manyan kungiyoyi hudu.
Pereskievye
Waɗannan su ne ainihin shuke-shuke waɗanda hukuma ke ɗaukar su cacti, amma ba su da kama da su kwata-kwata. Includesungiyar ta haɗa da nau'in shrub guda ɗaya kawai tare da ganye na al'ada kuma babu ƙaya. Masana sunyi imanin cewa daushen peresia "tsaka-tsaka ne" a cikin jerin halittun da suka canza zuwa dashen itaciya zuwa dadadden dadadden sikitsi.
Opuntia
Shuke-shuke daga wannan rukuni ana rarrabe su da mafi kaifin spines na hadaddun fasali. Kowane kashin baya, wanda ake kira glochidia, yana da maƙira kuma yana da tsayayyen tsari. Opuntia da wuya ya zama abinci ga dabbobi ko tsuntsaye, saboda tsananin glochidia yana haifar da tsananin fushin ɓangaren hanji.
Wani fasalin wannan rukunin cacti shine tsarin sassan tushe. An haɗasu da sassa daban waɗanda aka haɗe da juna. Wannan sananne ne musamman akan samari.
Mauhyeny
Isungiyar tana da nau'in nau'i guda ɗaya, wanda aka rarraba a Kudancin Amurka. Tarihin girma na tarihi shine yankin Patagonia. Cacti na ƙungiyar Mauchienia ba su da ƙayayuwa masu kaifi, kuma tsawon ganyensu bai wuce centimita ɗaya ba. Seedlingsananan tsire-tsire, waɗanda ke fitowa daga ƙasa, suna kama da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Sabili da haka, yana da wuya a ƙayyade cactus na gaba ta bayyanar su.
Kunkus
Wannan rukunin ya hada da dukkan wasu tsire-tsire. Adadin nau'in yana da yawa, amma duk suna da halaye iri ɗaya. Misali, cactus tsire-tsire basu da ganye. Tsarinsu yana da wahalar rikicewa tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tunda suna da siffar zobe nan da nan.
Wakilan wannan rukunin ba su da kaifin kashin glochidia. Madadin su, ƙayayyun ƙayayyun itacen da aka saba suna akan tushe. Nau'ikan nau'ikan shuke-shuke manya suna da kyau. Wannan ya hada da cacti tare da "akwati" a tsaye, tare da madaidaiciyar tushe, mai rarrafe, kafa ginshikai. Wasu nau'ikan murtsattsun mahaɗan mahaifa, suna haifar da daƙuwa mara matuka.
