Diatoms wani muhimmin abu ne a cikin tsarin tsarin ruwa, wanda ya haɗu da jituwa da dukiyar dabbobi da tsirrai. Constituangaren ɓangaren shine diatom, wanda shine tantanin halitta wanda aka rufe shi da harsashin silicon. Matsayin mai mulkin, irin wannan algae ya fi son tsarin mulkin mallaka.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, ayyukansu masu mahimmanci suna cikin yanayin launin kore-launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Diatoms a cikin akwatin kifaye suna da mahimmancin gaske a cikin tsarin halittu na duniya. Algae yana samar da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya sanya kayan masarufi da masu kiyaye muhalli kallon su. Algae Diatom a cikin akwatin kifaye wani mummunan al'amari ne wanda yakamata a zubar dashi a farkon alamun faruwar lamarin. Amma saboda wannan ya zama dole a "saba" da wannan nau'in algae don fahimtar tsarin su, ka'idojin su da kuma manufar su.
Diatoms kusa-up
Roscoananan microscopes na lantarki, wanda ke ba da damar a girmama abu sau dubbai, ya ba shi damar yin nazarin tsarin harsashi na ƙwayar diatom. Babban ɓangaren harsashi shine silicon dioxide tare da ƙazamai masu yawa na aluminum, ƙarfe, magnesium, abubuwan ƙirar. Kwali ne na waje, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa biyu - bawul, galibi ana tura su akan juna. Dogaro da jinsin, bawul ɗin suna haɗe kai tsaye ko kuma suna da mai rarrabewa a cikin yanayin zoben silice waɗanda ke ba da izinin bawul ɗin su motsa baya don ƙara ƙarar kwayar halitta.
Za'a iya ganin siririn sifa na zahirin halitta a wajen ƙashin. Faɗin yana da farfajiya mara daidaituwa; Anan zaku iya ganin ɓacin rai, gefuna, shanyewar jiki, da ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban. Waɗannan yawanci sune pores ko ɗakuna. Kusan dukkanin yankin harsashi (75%) an rufe shi da ramuka. Har yanzu kuna iya ganin ci gaban iri-iri, da farko dalilinsu bai bayyana ba, amma sai masana kimiyya suka ƙaddara cewa suna da niyyar haɗuwa cikin yankuna.
A karkashin madubin hangen nesa, ya yiwu a gano nau'ikan siffofin harsashi:
- fayafai;
- bututu;
- silinda;
- kwalaye;
- ganguna;
- dogara sanda;
- kwallaye;
- kulake.
Hakanan ana gabatar da Sashes a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban. Abubuwan haɓaka suna haɗuwa da haɗuwa, kuma wannan ƙwaya ɗaya ce kawai!
Tsarin Diatom
Cytoplasm yana yin aikin kariya kuma yana samar da siriri mai kauri tare da kewaye ganuwar. Akwai takamaiman gada, yana dauke da kwayar difloma da nucleoli. Wurin sashin intracellular ya mamaye shi kwata kwata. Chromatophores suna kan gaba ɗaya tsawon ganuwar. Smallananan fayafai ne da faranti. Aramin girman su, mafi girman lambar. Algae na ba da fata. Autotrophic diatoms suna adana plastids na launuka daban-daban a cikin chromatophores.
Godiya ga photosynthesis, ba irin ƙwayoyin carbohydrates da ake samu a cikin kwayar halitta ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkanin tsire-tsire na ƙasa, amma lipids. Baya ga mai, wanda ake buƙata don aiki mai kyau, jiki yana da ƙarin abubuwan haɗi da abubuwan adana, misali, chrysolaminarin.
Sake haifuwa
Wadannan algae suna haifuwa ta hanyoyi biyu:
- ciyayi;
- jima'i.
Yawan haifuwa yana da sauri, galibi yana ragi. Saurin ya dogara kai tsaye ga yanayin mahalli. Kwayar halitta daya zata iya samar da sabbin kwayoyin Biliyan 35 a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in algae yana zaune kusan kowane ruwa a duniya, suna jin daɗi a cikin tabkuna, koguna, tekuna da yanayin ruwa mai matsakaici, kodayake basa tsoron maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi. Diatoms sune asalin phytoplankton na duk Tekun Duniya tare da sauran tsire-tsire masu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Suna dauke da bitamin, kitse da toka. Sabili da haka, sun zama kyakkyawan abinci mai kyau don ƙaramar rayuwar ruwa wacce kifayen ke ci.
Ofayan mahimmancin kaddarorin diatoms shine samar da oxygen.
Irin
Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa a gindin wasu, wasu kuma an tsaresu a kalkashin fili, misali, zuwa kasan jiragen ruwa. Mafi yawan lokuta suna haɗuwa a cikin yankuna da yawa, ana amfani da fitowar ta musamman ko ƙura don sanya su. Samuwar cikin mulkin mallaka ba kwatsam bane, saboda haka kwayoyin halittu suke kokarin tsayayya da mummunan bayyanuwar muhalli. Akwai nau'ikan diatom da ke rayuwa kawai a kan nau'ikan nau'ikan sinadarai guda daya, misali, kawai a cikin kifin kifi ko kawai kan takamaiman shuka.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan diatoms da ke motsawa kyauta (sama) a cikin ruwa saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin su, harsashi mai laushi, da kuma shigarwar mai. Don ƙarin sakamako, suna da dogayen gashin jiki a jikinsu wanda ke basu damar haɗuwa zuwa cikin manyan yankuna masu iyo. Wani lokacin ana amfani da danshi don rike shi, ya fi ruwa sauki.
Babban rukuni na tsari
Akwai fiye da nau'in 10,000 a cikin sashen Bacillariophyta. Manyan masana kimiyyar halittu a duniya suna da'awar cewa wannan adadin ya ninka sau da yawa. A cikin karnin da ya gabata, aikin haraji na diatoms ya sami canje-canje da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin rikice-rikice da tattaunawa suna gudana, babban batun shine yawan azuzuwan.
Diungiyoyin cibiyar
Algae na wannan aji suna da sifa mai salon halitta da kuma tsarin mallaka. Kullun yana zagaye, yana da tsarin radial. Ana wakiltar Chromatophores azaman ƙananan faranti. Diatoms na aji na tsakiya suna jagorancin salon rayuwa. Sake haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i ta hanyar yin auren mace daya. An samo wakilan diatoms na tsakiya a cikin dadaddun wuraren a duniya.
Oda na Coscinodiscales. Wasu lokuta suna zaune su kaɗai, amma galibi a cikin tsarin mulkin mallaka. Siffar bawo ba ta da kusurwa, saboda haka sunan:
- mai motsi;
- mai siffar zobe;
- lenticular;
- syeda_abubakar.
Bawul din an zagaye; suna dauke da abubuwa da yawa da suka fi girma, hakarkari, da sauran abubuwan da ke sama.
Halin halittar melosir. Suna zaune ne a cikin yankuna masu filamentous, mafi yawansu sune ƙwayoyin siliki. Ana haɗa su ta hanyar spines akan farfajiyar harsashi. Bawuloli suna da siffofi zagaye, ramuka suna kan su. Chromatophores suna nan a adadi masu yawa kuma suna da siffar fayafai.- Jinsi na cyclotella. An gabatar da algae a cikin ƙaramin akwati. Akwai radial streaks a gefen sash. Ana gabatar da chromatophores a cikin ƙananan ƙananan faranti, suna cikin cytoplasm. Diatoms na genus cyclotella suna da alaƙa ta gamsai da aka samar ko ta bristles, yayin da mulkin mallaka yayi kama da zaren. Waɗannan algae ana iya samunsu a jikin ruwa mai tsafta.
Halin halittar melosir. Suna zaune ne a cikin yankuna masu filamentous, mafi yawansu sune ƙwayoyin siliki. Ana haɗa su ta hanyar spines akan farfajiyar harsashi. Bawuloli suna da siffofi zagaye, ramuka suna kan su. Chromatophores suna nan a adadi masu yawa kuma suna da siffar fayafai.Umurnin Biddulphiales. Kwayoyin ba su da aure, amma wani lokacin suna haɗuwa a cikin yankuna da yawa, saboda ana amfani da wannan ƙarin haɓakar akan harsashi. Af, harsashi yana da siffa kamar silinda ko Prism. Ganye suna zagaye, a matsayin mai mulkin, elliptical, a wasu lokuta polygonal. Bawuloli na tsari ne daban-daban, saboda kasancewar ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa da ramuka.
Halin Hetoceros. Selindrical cells, tare da manyan setae dake kan bawuloli. Bristles yana ba su damar haɗuwa a cikin sarƙoƙi kamar zaren. Chromatophores suna kama da manyan faranti.
Tsarin cirrus
Algae na Unicellular, wanda galibi ke samar da yankuna, suna da siffofi iri-iri. Caraaramar ta ƙunshi sassa biyu masu daidaitawa (bawul), kodayake akwai nau'ikan da za'a iya gano asymmetry bayyananniya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, bawul din yana da tsarin fuka-fukai. Chromatophores yayi kama da manyan faranti. Wannan nau'i yana aiki, yana da nau'ikan tsage-tsage iri iri. Sake haifuwa yana gudana a cikin hanyar jima'i ta yau da kullun, amma a takamaiman hanyar da ta yi kama da haɗuwa.
Asali
Diatoms sun banbanta sosai da sauran wakilan shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa. Bayan nazari mai kyau game da faranti masu launuka da kuma tsarin daukar hoto wanda yake faruwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta, zai yiwu a gano cewa wadannan kwayoyin sun samo asali ne daga wakilan filaye. Wannan tunanin ya sami cikakkiyar shaida a cikin ikon diatoms don sarrafawa da kuma samar da abubuwa masu ƙyalƙyali tare da launuka masu launi.
Matsayin diatoms a cikin akwatin kifaye
A cikin tsarin halittu na halitta, suna taka rawa babba, tunda sune babban ɓangaren plankton kuma suna shiga cikin halittar ƙwayoyin halitta a doron ƙasa, kuma bayan mutuwar bawonsu, suna shiga cikin samuwar duwatsu. Duk da irin wannan mahimmancin yanayi, abubuwan kirji basu da amfani a cikin akwatin kifaye. Algae mai ruwan kasa wanda ke ɗauke da abin rubutu a bangon, musamman ma inda ƙaramin haske ya samu, su ne diatoms.
Tabbatar da tsarin Diatom tabbas zasu "daidaita" a cikin sabon akwatin kifaye, bayan kwanaki da yawa bayan sun cika da ruwa. A cikin tsofaffin akwatinan ruwa, algae yana bayyana a ƙarƙashin hasken da bai dace ba, yawanci bai isa ba ko ƙasa da ƙasa.
Don haifuwa na diatoms taimakawa ga:
- pH ya fi 7.5;
- babban matakin taurin ruwa;
- wuce haddi na nitrogen mahadi.
Barkewar haɓakar algae na iya haifar da adadi mai yawa na gishirin sodium a cikin ruwa, yawanci bayan an kula da kifin da gishirin tebur. Ya kamata ayi aiki da tsarin cutar Diatom a tsari, in ba haka ba zasu rufe dukkan bangon wurin ajiyar ruwa na wucin gadi. Pebbles da na'urori ya kamata a tsabtace daga laka da dunƙulen ruwan kasa, nan da nan bayan sun bayyana. Don hana ci gaba, ya zama dole don sarrafa matakin haske, da kuma bincika haɓakar ruwa. Diatoms zasu bunkasa a hankali idan aka daidaita hasken kuma tsaftace tankin lokaci-lokaci.
