Me muka sani game da dabbobin daji? Daidaitacciyar ma'anarta: kyawawan abubuwa da kyawawan halaye daga dangin bovine. Koyaya, wannan ba gaskiya bane. Tsuntsayen dawakai hoto ne na dabbobi masu ƙaho.
Daga cikinsu akwai samfurin a cikin bayyanar wanda wasu karkacewa daga canons da aka yarda ana iya lura dasu: masu kiba, masu kauri (kumfa ko dabbobin saniya), kwatankwacin dawakai (saber-horned antelopes), kuma suma masu karamin jiki (dwarf).
Kuma akwai wakilai waɗanda suka riƙe bayyanar su, amma sun sami wasu ƙarin fasalulluka. Misali, barewa... A tsakanin sauran dangi, ya yi fice a matsayin lokacin farin ciki a maƙogwaro, wanda ya sami sunansa na biyu Bakar akuya.
Wannan dabba da ba a cika samunta ba tana cikin haɗari. Sabili da haka, yanzu ana iya samun sa kawai a cikin ƙaramin yanki a cikin tsaka-tsakin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Hakanan kuma, rashin alheri, zasu iya gaya mana ko wanene shi dzeren, da Littafin Ja Rasha. Bari mu san shi sosai.
Dzeren yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan halittar dabbar daji
Bayani da fasali
Dzeren a cikin hoto da yawa kamar barewa ko barewa, kawai na ɗan ƙaramin tsarin mulki. Wani samfurin da Peter Simon Pallas ya samo a Transbaikalia a cikin 1777, bayan haɗuwa a saman saman Kogin Mangut, an bayyana shi a karon farko. Don haka yana da kyau tarihi ya kira shi Transbaikal barewa.
Idan muka taƙaita bayanan akan nau'ikan, zamu iya cewa girman a bushe bai wuce 85 cm ba, tsayin jiki daga ƙarshen hanci zuwa jela ya kai 150 cm, kuma nauyin ya kai 35 kg. Waɗannan sune sigogin babban namiji, yayin da mata sukakai kaso 10 cikin ɗari a duk maki. Zuwa lokacin kaka, 'yan boko sun zama masu ƙarfi, nauyinsu ya kai kilo 47, kuma matan suna samun alamun da suka gabata na 35 kilogiram.
Maza ne kawai za su yi alfahari da ƙaho. Suna bayyana tun suna da watanni 5 a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kumbura, sannan kuma suna girma cikin rayuwarsu. Matsakaicin girman shine cm 30-32. .ahonin suna kama da waƙoƙi tare da ɗan lanƙwasa baya da ciki.
Launi ya canza daga launin ruwan kasa a tushe zuwa launin rawaya a saman. Yanayin yana da santsi 1/3, a kan sauran shi akwai kauri a cikin hanyar ridges. Godiya a gare su, ƙahonin suna kama da sandunan haƙarƙari masu ƙarfi.
Wani fasali na barewa shine girma akan maƙogwaro kama da goiter, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran dabbar da ɗan itaciyar goiter.
Launi na sutura ya bambanta da kakar. A lokacin rani - launi na kofi tare da madara, a cikin hunturu ya zama mai haske da kauri. Jawo ya zama babban gashin gashi. Ko da bayyanar dabbar ta banbanta, da alama ta fi ta girma da kauri.
Partasan jikin mutum, haɗe da ciki, ƙafafu da wuya, fari ne. Dukkanin farfajiyar baya (madubi) suma haske ne kuma suna da girma, iyakar sama tana sama da wutsiya. Gashin gashin da ke laɓe leɓɓa da kunci ya ɗan mirgine ƙasa, kuma da alama ko gashin baki ne ko kumburarren kumburi.
Kuma, a ƙarshe, katin ziyartar da babban bambanci daga sauran dangi. Yawancin lokaci ana yawan jin daɗi a cikin sauran dabbobin daji, wuyan barewa ya fi ƙarfin gaske kuma ya fito da babban ci gaba a tsakiyar, kamar goiter.
A lokacin lokacin saduwa a cikin maza, wannan kaurin yana samun inuwa mai haske - launin toka mai duhu tare da shuɗi. Akwai wasu karin nuances a cikin bayyanar gazel. Hancin hancinsu an shimfida su cikin sifar S, kunnuwansu dogaye ne kuma ba zagaye suke ba, amma da kaifin baki. Kaɗan kuma za su yi kama da zomo.
Irin
Barewar Tibet... Tana zaune a arewa maso yamma na tsakiyar kasar Sin kuma wani yanki a arewa maso gabashin tsakiyar Indiya. Shafin yana karami kuma yana kusa da yankin Himalayas da Tibet. A bayyane yake yana son duwatsu. Saboda haka, yana faruwa koda a tsawan kilomita 5.5 zuwa sama. Girman suna matsakaici - har zuwa 105 cm a tsayi, har zuwa 65 cm a tsayi, kuma ya kai har zuwa 16 kilogiram.
Wutsiya gajere ce, kimanin cm 10. A bayan baya akwai furci mai kalar ruwan toka mai ruwan toka, wanda ya zama sanye da kodadde a lokacin rani. A matsayin ado a jikin gindi, yana da dunkulallen wuri mai laushi. Yana da ji da gani sosai. An fifita Legumes a matsayin abinci.
Barewar Tibet a cikin hoto
Dzeren Przewalski... Mafi kusancin dangi na baya. Siriri, karami, mai manyan idanu da gajere, kunnuwa masu kaifi. Yana zaune ne kawai a cikin China, a arewa maso yammacin ƙasar. Yawancin alumma sun rayu kuma ana samun su a yankuna daban-daban guda biyar a kewayen Tafkin Kukunor.
Suna ajiye a kananan kungiyoyi har zuwa kawuna 10, kuma Maza suna kokarin tafiya su kadai. Sadarwa da juna tare da gajeren lokaci, nutsuwa mai nutsuwa. Abincin ya kunshi daddawa da ganyaye daban-daban, har da shrubs kamar astragalus. Sau da yawa suna raba mazauni tare da barewar Tibet, amma ba sa gasa.
Barewar Mongoliya... Zai yiwu mafi girma nau'in. Kuma ƙahonin sun fi sauran nau'in tsayi da kauri. Baya ga Mongolia, ana iya samun sa a cikin China da kuma wani ɓangare a Rasha, kodayake ba safai ake samun sa ba a ƙasarmu.
Har zuwa farkon shekarun arba'in da suka gabata, yana da yawa a cikin Tuva, amma daga baya yawanta ya ƙi. Wani lokaci ana rarrabe rabe rabe daban Altai barewa... Na biyun yana da fur mai duhu, da babban kwanya da kuma lura da manyan laulayi. Bugu da kari, kahonnin sun fi fadi.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Da zarar an sami waɗannan halittun a cikin tudun tuddai a nahiyoyi biyu - Arewacin Amurka da Eurasia. Aƙalla, abin da aka samo yana magana game da shi. Koyaya, yanayi mai ɗumi a hankali ya tilasta musu ƙaura, don haka suka ƙare a cikin gangaren Asiya. Babban yanayin shine busassun filayen tare da ƙananan shrubs da ƙaramin sod.
A lokacin rani, suna motsawa kyauta a cikin wuraren da suka saba. Kuma a cikin hunturu, yunwa tana tilasta su su ruguzo kusa da bishiyoyi. Dabbar barewa mai tsananin juriya da haƙuri. Don neman abinci da abinci, zasu iya yin tafiya mai nisa.
Kamar makiyaya na ainihi, basa tsayawa wuri ɗaya fiye da kwana biyu. Kuma suna da motsi sosai, suna iya gudu da gudu zuwa 80 km / h. Yin ƙaura, suna barin sama da kilomita 200 kowace rana. Antelope tana aiki sosai da safe da yamma. Kuma don shakatawa, suna ware rabin na biyu na dare da rana.
Suna tattara cikin manyan garkunan har zuwa kawuna dubu 3, kuma a cikin irin waɗannan rukunin suna ajiye su tsawon watanni. Idan lokacin haihuwa ne ko kafin ƙaura, kowane garken garken ya kankama zuwa babban tsari har zuwa dubu 30-40.
Abu ne gama gari ga barewa su taru a manyan garken dabbobi.
Motsi irin wannan rukuni irin na dabbobin daji a tsallake matakalar abin birgewa ne. Kamar tarin yashi, suna yin ratse a rafin da yake rayuwa a ƙetaren masarufin kyauta. Abun kunya ne cewa ba a yawan ganin irin wannan kallon ba. A shekarar 2011, an ware wani yanki na kimanin kadada dubu 214 a gabashin yankin Daursky don ajiyar "Kwarin Gazelle».
Tana cikin tsaunuka na yankin Dauro-Mongolian. Iyakokin kudu na ajiyar sun yi daidai da iyakar Jiha ta Tarayyar Rasha. Akwai dabbobi da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Kudu-Gabas Transbaikalia, ba su da sauran wurare a Rasha.
Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, duka don kiyayewa da dawo da mutane da yawa azaman jinsi. Misali, barewa a cikin Rasha, ana samun sa ne kawai a yankin wannan mashigar kuma wurin ajiye Daursky kusa da shi. Saboda haka, ana kiran dabbarmu sau da yawa daurian gazelle.
Gina Jiki
'Yan asalin ƙasar barewar ba su da bambanci a cikin nau'ikan abinci. Lokacin kawai zai iya kawo canji. A lokacin rani, suna cin abinci a kan ciyawa, ciyawa iri-iri, harbe-harben daji da wasu tsire-tsire daban-daban (hay, masara, plantain).
Ba lallai bane su zama masu kamun kai, don haka ana amfani da dukkan ganyen da aka ci karo da su a hanya - ciyawar fuka-fukai, cinquefoil, tansy, hodgepodge har ma da ɗaci mai ɗaci. Af, itace mai ɗaci wanda ke haskaka watannin hunturu. Kusa da yanayin sanyi, tsiron ya zama mai gina jiki kuma ya ƙunshi ƙarin furotin.
A lokacin hunturu, ana amfani da ƙananan rassan shrubs da bishiyoyi. Saboda motsi na yau da kullun, hatta cunkoson garken garken ba ya haifar da haɗari ga hanyoyin da ake bi. Suna da lokacin warkewa kafin kira na gaba.
Tsuntsayen kwari sun ɗan sha kaɗan, za su iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba kwata-kwata har tsawon makonni biyu, suna wadatuwa da danshi da ake samu daga tsire-tsire. Kuma a lokacin hunturu suna cin dusar ƙanƙara. Sai kawai a lokacin bazara da kaka, lokacin da babu sauran dusar ƙanƙara kuma babu ciyawa, suna buƙatar ƙarin ruwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balagagge na jima'i yana faruwa a shekaru 2-3. Maza suna jin daɗin farin ciki na saduwa ba su wuce shekaru 3-4 ba, kuma mata sun ɗan fi yawa. Gaskiyar ita ce, damun mata suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 10, kuma maza suna rayuwa har ma da ƙasa - kimanin 6. Suna ɓatar da kuzari sosai a lokacin rutsi, wanda ya faɗi a lokacin mafi sanyi na shekara - Disamba.
Mafi sau da yawa, da yawa to ba sa jure mawuyacin lokacin hunturu, ko mutuwa a cikin haƙoran masu farauta. Sabili da haka, ana iya la'akari da shi daidai ne cewa damun maza dabbobi ne masu auren mata da yawa. Suna ƙoƙarin samun lokaci don ɗaukar komai daga rayuwa. Mafi ƙwarewa da ƙarfi maza sun kewaye kansu da ƙazamar ƙawayen mata 20-30.
Hoton ango ne berarre
Lambar su na iya canzawa, wasu suna barin wasu suna zuwa. Don ci gaba da jinsin, garken yana ƙoƙarin komawa tsohon wurinsa kowace shekara. Bayan hadi, mace ta haifi ‘ya’ya har zuwa kwanaki 190. Calving yawanci yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. An haifi rago ɗaya ko biyu.
Don asibitin haihuwa, ana neman wuri a cikin ciyawa ko ciyawa mai kauri a gaba. Jarirai suna da nauyin kilogram 3,5-4. Suna tashi da ƙafafunsu cikin sa'a ɗaya, amma ba sa hanzarin gudu - don 'yan kwanakin farko suna ɓoyewa a cikin ciyawa mai kauri. Mahaifiyar takan yi kiwo kadan a gefe, tana kokarin kada ta jawo hankalin masu farautar jarirai.
Yawancin lokaci, jarirai suna tsayawa a tsayi yayin ciyarwa. Idan harin dabbobi ya faru a wannan lokacin, yara suna bin mahaifiyarsu har sai sun ɓoye gaba ɗaya a cikin ciyawa. Ganye sun fara taunawa bayan makon farko, amma abincin kiwo yana ɗauke da watanni 5. Dangane da saurin, ba kowane mai farauta ne zai iya kwatanta shi ba.
Amma raunin barewa ko rago kyakkyawa ne mai sauƙin kai ga kerkeci, diro, ko babban tsuntsun ganima. Amma mafi mawuyacin halitta ga waɗannan halittun, ba shakka, mutum ne. Yawan barewa ya ragu sosai yayin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da aka samar da naman su don bukatun sojoji.
Kuma shekaru biyu masu zuwa na yunwa barewa a cikin Transbaikalia, Altai da Tuva sun lalace babu tausayi. A zahiri, wannan shine yadda suka ƙare a cikin Littafin Ja. Irin wannan halin a cikin Rasha yana buƙatar kulawa mara kyau, ƙara kariya daga farauta da farfaganda mara gajiya a tsakanin jama'a.
