Bayani da fasali
Quokka ko Settonix shine herbivore na gidan kangaroo. Duk da kamanceceniya da kangaroos, quokkas a waje yafi kama da otter otters saboda gajerensu, madaidaiciyar wutsiya. Ba kamar sauran membobin gidan kangaroo ba (kangaroos, wallaby, philander, wallaru, berayen kangaroo), quokka ba zai iya dogaro ko kare kan gajeren jelarsa ba.
Girman dabbar karama ce: jiki da kai suna da tsayin cm 47-50, nauyi daga 2 zuwa 5 kilogiram, gajeren jela har zuwa cm 35. Ana haihuwar Kubiyoyi tsirara, amma sai a rufe su da launin toka mai launin toka-ruwan kasa. Kunnuwa masu zagaye, masu tazara sosai suna fitowa daga gashin, suna bawa dabbar kyakkyawar kyan gani. Eyesananan idanu masu maɓalli suna kusa da gadar hanci.
Legsafafun gaba suna gajeru kuma masu rauni, tsarin hannun yana kama da na ɗan adam, saboda shi dabba ke kama abinci da yatsun hannunta. Hindafafun baya masu ƙarfi suna ba da damar quokka don hanzarta har zuwa 50 km / h, kuma jijiyoyin Achilles suna aiki kamar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Dabbar ta tashi sama, tana tsallake tsayinsa sau da yawa.
Yana motsawa cikin nishaɗi, jingina a kan gajartaccen ƙafafu kuma a lokaci guda yana sanya ƙafafun kafa biyu. Wani fasali na quokka, wanda ya sanya dabbar ta shahara a duk faɗin duniya, shine ikon yin murmushi. A zahiri, wannan ba murmushi bane, amma shakatawa ne na tsokoki na fuska bayan tauna abinci.
Settonix shine mai karantarwa. Duk da hakora 32, ba ta da hakora, don haka ya zama dole a ciji ganye da tushe saboda ƙarfin tsoka. Bayan sun tauna ciyayi, tsokoki sun saki jiki, kuma mafi kyaun murmushi a duniya ya bayyana akan fuskar dabbar. Tana sanya shi mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da maraba.
Quokka, wata dabba ce mai matukar wahala tare da matsayin kiyayewa a Ostiraliya
Irin
Quokka dabba na musamman: shi kadai ne dan gidan kangaroo, jinsi Setonix. Mafi kusancin dangi shi ne wallaby, ko dwarf kangaroo, wanda ke tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin dabbobi da wadanda ba su ba. Tsibirin Rottnest, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 18 daga gabar yamma na gabar Ostiraliya, ya samo asali ne daga Quokkas.
Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Holland wadanda suka isa tsibirin a cikin karni na 18 sun ga tarin dabbobi marasa ganuwa a wurin, mai kama da tsarin jiki da wutsiyar berayen talakawa. Don haka an gyara sunan tsibirin - Rottnest, wanda a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland ke nufin "gidan bera".
GAME DAdan uwa mai rai da mazauni
Kwokka dabba dabba ba ta da kariya. Ba shi da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, wanda za a iya yaƙi da shi, ko kaifin haushi, ko fika. Habitat - gandun dajin kudu maso yammacin Ostiraliya da tsibirai yamma da nahiyar. Dabbar ba ta jurewa zafi da kyau, da rana yana neman wurare masu inuwa inda za ku iya kwanciya ku ɗan huta.
A lokacin rani, yakan motsa zuwa fadama, inda ciyawar ciyawar ke tsirowa. Quokkas suna zaune ne a cikin dangin da babban namiji ya jagoranta. Shi ne ke kula da matsugunnin da garken ke ɓoyewa daga rana tsaka. Wannan ya fi mahimmanci ga rayuwa fiye da samun abinci, saboda rashin ruwa a jiki na iya zama na mutuwa.
Quokkas abokantaka ne kuma ba masu rikici ba. Sauran dabbobin suna wucewa ta yankunansu don shayarwa ko neman wuraren kiwo, masu su ba zasu shirya rikici ba. Abin takaici, birni, karnukan karnuka da karnuka da aka gabatar wa Ostiraliya, magudanar fadama ta haifar da taƙaita mazaunin Settonix.
Bai san yadda zai kare kansa ba, kuma ba tare da ciyawa mai tsayi ba zai iya motsawa don neman abinci. Dabbar tana samun nutsuwa da 'yanci kawai a tsibirin da ba kowa, misali, Rottneste ko Balda. Tsibirin Rottnest gida ne tsakanin mutane 8,000 da 12,000. Sakamakon rashin dazuzzuka, babu wasu maharan da ke yin barazanar rayuwar quokkas, sai dai macizai.
Duk yankin Rottnest an sadaukar dashi don ajiyar yanayi, wanda ma'aikatan 600-1000 ke kulawa. A cikin Ostiraliya na nahiyoyi, ba mutane sama da 4,000 ke rayuwa ba, sun kasu zuwa dangin dabbobi 50. Sauran tsibirai suna da dabbobi 700-800. Mahalli da salon rayuwa sun ƙaddara halayyar quokka... Dabbobi suna da aminci sosai, ba sa jin tsoron mutane, a sauƙaƙe suna iya sadarwa da sadarwa.
Quokka ba dabba ce mai tashin hankali ba, don haka yana da wahala a gare shi ya tashi tsaye don kansa
Ba su da incisor da kaifi masu kaifi, ba za su iya cutar da mutum ba, kodayake suna iya cizon. Idan akwai wani hatsari, dabbar ta daka tsawa da karfi da kasa tare da faratan gabanta, wanda ya kasance mai ban dariya da kyau daga gefe. Dabbobi galibi sukan faɗa cikin tarkon karnuka, karnuka da sauran maharan. Don adana yawan jinsunan, an lissafa quokkas a cikin Red Book of Australia.
Don cutar da shi, yana fuskantar tara mai tsanani har ma da hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. Matasan Faransawa biyu sun biya tarar $ 4,000 kowannensu saboda tsoratar da quokka ta hanyar jagorantar fesawa daga gwangwani a a wuta. Sun yi fim din kuma sun saka shi a Intanet.
Kotun Ostiraliya ta ayyana Faransawan a matsayin masu laifi, da farko an ci su tarar dala dubu 50 da kuma shekaru 5 a kurkuku. Amma kotun ta yi la’akari da nadamar da kuma yadda dabbar ba ta cutar da shi ba.
Gina Jiki
Quokka yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsauri (sclerophilous). Abincin ya hada da samarin bishiyar eucalyptus, ganyen araucaria Budvilla, saiwoyi da ganyen epiphyte, pandanus, ganyen karamar bishiyar kwalba, harbewar bishiyar Curry, tsaba, ganye. Suna da tsayayyen tsarin fibrous, saboda haka aikin tauna yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.
Quokka yana nika abinci saboda tashin hankali na tsokoki na fuska, yayin da dabbar take da kyau da sara. Kallon yadda yake ci shine taushi ɗaya. Nan da nan ake hadiye abinci, sannan kuma a ɓarke da sigar narkar da abinci kuma ana taunawa kamar ɗanko. Abincin ya ƙare da murmushi mai annuri wanda ya bayyana saboda shakatawa na tsokoki na fuska.
Quokka a hoto - dabba mafi yanke a duniya. Dabbar tana samun abinci da daddare, tana motsi a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Babban tushen abinci shine tsire-tsire na ƙasa, amma wani lokacin quokka ya katse harbe-harben samari, yana hawa zuwa tsayin m 1.5.
Kwayoyin da ake samu a cikin ciki na Settonix suna kama da kwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin narkewar tumaki. A lokacin rani, dabbobi suna motsawa don neman ciyawar kore zuwa wasu yankuna. Hakanan suna buƙatar tushen ruwa mai ɗorewa koyaushe.
A yayin fari, na ɗan lokaci quokkas suna ɗebo ruwa daga succulents waɗanda zasu iya tara ruwa kuma su sami abin juji mai daɗi. Ba kamar sauran dangin wallaby ba, Settonix sun fi iya jure yanayin zafi da kiyaye lafiya mai kyau a yanayin iska har zuwa 440DAGA.
Abinda Quokka yafi so shine ganyen bishiyoyi
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Quokkas, kodayake suna zaune a cikin iyalai, suna rayuwa ta keɓe kai. Maza da mata suna sadarwa ne kawai a lokacin saduwa, lokacin da mata ke cikin zafi. Sauran lokacin suna rayuwa ne da kansu. Babban namiji ne ke kula da dangin wanda ke kare mafaka daga ingila.
Shi uba ne ga yawancin 'ya'yan gidan, sauran mazan suna wadatar da kadan. Babu yaƙe-yaƙe don iko tsakanin maza, amma da zarar saboda tsufa ko yanayin kiwon lafiya, babban namiji ya rasa ikon sarrafa garken, ya ba da ƙarfi ga quokka. Komai na faruwa cikin kwanciyar hankali da lumana, ba tare da wata guguwar iska ba.
Settonix na daga ajin dabbobi masu shayarwa, na marsupials, don haka ana haihuwar jaririn da ba shi da ci gaba kuma "yana balaga" a cikin jaka a cikin mahaifar uwa. A cikin daji, ƙarancinta ya kasance daga watan Agusta zuwa Janairu. Daga lokacin da istar gari ta fara, mace ke samun damar yin ciki cikin kwanaki 28.
Bayan saduwa, bayan kwana 26-28, an haifi ɗiya mai nauyin gram 25, wanda, dangane da matakan ci gaba, ya zama kamar amfrayo. Bayan ilhami, sai ya jingina da gashin mahaifiyarsa tare da yatsunsa da rarrafe a cikin jaka, inda “ta balaga” na watanni 5 masu zuwa zuwa nauyin 450 gram. Akwai madara mai gina jiki a gare shi, kuma jariri yana samun duk abin da yake buƙata.
Kwokka, kamar kangaroo, tana sa 'ya'yanta cikin jaka
Yanayi ya kula da kiyaye jinsin ta yadda idan mutuwa ko cirewa daga jakar jariri, amfrayo na biyu zai fito bayan wata ɗaya. Bugu da kari, mace ba dole ta sadu da namiji ba: amfrayo da ke gabanta ya kasance a jikin uwar a matsayin "madadin" zabi.
Idan amfrayo na farko ya shiga jaka lafiya, na biyu zai fara bunkasa. Yana "jira" ga ɗa na farko ya zama mai cin gashin kansa ya bar aljihun uwar, kuma bayan kwanaki 24-27 sai ya tafi can da kansa. Haka kuma, jariri na farko ya ci gaba da ciyar da nonon mace na tsawon watanni 3-4.
Game da rashin abinci ko wata haɗari, mace tana haihuwar ɗa ne kawai, kuma kwafin tayin ya daina haɓaka da lalata kansa. Quokkas suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa na shekaru 7-10, don haka sun isa balagar jima'i da wuri. Mata suna fara saduwa a ranar 252 na rayuwa, maza a ranar 389.
Kulawa da gida
Quokka yana da kyau sosai har yana ba da kwatancen kyakkyawar dabba mai natsuwa wacce kuke son gani a gida, kuyi wasa da ita kuma ku buge ta. Amma wannan da farko dabbar daji ce, ba ta dace da rayuwa tare da mutane ba.
Abu ne mai yuwuwar sake fasalin yanayin mazaunin, amma don daidaitawa gida quokka ga hanyar rayuwar mutum ba ta yiwuwa. Daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi dacewa wajen daidaita Settonix zuwa yanayin gida sune:
1. Dabbar tana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi ko yanayin yanayin ruwa. Yana da zafin jiki duk da son baƙuwar fata. A lokaci guda, quokka ba zata iya zama a cikin gida ba, tana buƙatar ciyayi, ciyawa mai tsayi da sabbin korayen kore. Dabbar tana son gina koren farfajiyoyi daga dogayen ciyawa, suna gina bukkoki inda suke ɓoyewa daga hasken rana.
A cikin yanayin da ba na al'ada ba don kansa, dabba za ta sami rashin jin daɗi kuma sau da yawa yakan yi rashin lafiya. A cikin lambun, zaku iya sake tsara yanayin savanna tare da taimakon shrubs da ƙananan bishiyoyi masu tsiro, amma wannan yana buƙatar babban fili da gandun daji na ƙwararru akai;
2. An lissafa Quokka a cikin Littafin Ja, saboda haka, an hana fitarwa daga Ostiraliya. Zaku iya siyan dabba ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, amma a cikin tsauraran yanayi, za a rage tsawon rai da sau 2. Bada kuɗi mai yawa don dabbar da kanta da kiyaye ta babban haɗari ne.
Dabbar na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 7, kuma wannan yana cikin yanayin ajiyar, inda aka kiyaye mazaunin sa na asali. Settonix yana zaune a cikin gidan zoo mai kyau tsawon shekaru 5-6. A gida, har ma da mafi kyawu, an rage tsawon rai zuwa shekaru 2-4;
3. Quokka bai dace da kuliyoyi da karnuka ba. Ga mazaunin Ostiraliya, sadarwa tsakanin dabbobi ta ƙare cikin rauni da damuwa na yau da kullun. Karnuka suna nuna ƙarfi ga dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, kuliyoyi ma ba sa son wannan unguwar;
4. Settonix ba dare bane. Da rana yakan yi bacci, kuma mutum yana son ya yi wasa da wannan kyakkyawar halittar. Cin zarafin bacci da farkawa suna cike da raguwar rigakafi. Motar dare a kusa da ɗakin ma mutane ƙalilan ne za su so. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran dabbobin daji, ferrets, raccoons, chinchillas, tare da quokka a cikin gidan birni ko gida mai zaman kansa, matsaloli zasu tashi.
Motsa jiki ta hanyar dabi'a, dabbobin zasu yi shinge a mafaka daga abin da ke kusa - jaridu, kayan daki, tufafi, takalma. Barin shi shi kadai na fewan awanni, maigidan na iya kaduwa da "sake fasalin" gidan don dandano quokka;
5. Dole ne a tuna cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa cikin iyalai. Kuma cewa mace tana bukatar namiji, namiji kuma yana bukatar mace, a kalla sau daya a shekara. Idan ba a yi haka ba, quokka zai sha wahala da rikicewar hormonal. Daidaitaccen yanayi ya rikice, wanda ke cike da rashin lafiya da mutuwar dabba mara kyau;
6. Kar ka manta cewa wannan kangaroo ce wacce ke tafiya a takamaiman hanya. Yana buƙatar tsalle, kuma wannan yana buƙatar sarari. Yana da wuya a yi tsalle a cikin wani gida;
7. Cutar Quokka na dauke da nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta 15 masu alhakin narkewar abinci. Kuma babu ɗayansu wanda ya dace da narkar da abincin da mutum zai ci. Ko da kuki da aka cinye bazata yana haifar da gudawa da rashin ruwa a jiki;
8. Settonix yana da buƙatar kiyaye ma'aunin ruwa. Duk da cewa dabbar ta sha kadan, abincin tsirrai shine babban tushen ruwa a jiki. Dabbobin suna amfani da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma a yankin da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara aƙalla 600 mm. Mutane da yawa suna son ganin kowace rana yadda murmushi quokka, amma yana da kyau mu tuna cewa muna da alhakin waɗanda muka horar.
Farashi
A cikin ƙasashen Rasha da CIS farashin quokka ya bambanta daga 250,000 zuwa 500,000 rubles. Koyaya, kusan mawuyaci ne a sami dabba a kasuwa kyauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- A cikin 2015, bala'i ya auku: a cikin garin Northcliffe, wanda ke gabar yamma da gabar Australiya, akwai wata gobara da ta hallaka 90% na mazaunan quokk (mutane 500).
- A watan Agusta-Satumba, matakin ruwan karkashin kasa a Tsibirin Rottnest ya ragu, kuma lokacin fari ya fara. A karkashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, ma'aikatan ajiyar suna ɗaukar matakai na musamman don kiyaye yanayin rayuwar quokk.
- Quokkas suna da ban sha'awa, basa tsoron mutane kuma suna kusantar su da yardar kaina akan Tsibirin Rottnest. Duk da bayyanar abokantaka, ba a ba da shawarar ironing ba. Ana yin rikodin lokuta na cizon mutane, musamman yara kanana kowace shekara. Dabbar ba za ta iya haifar da mummunan lahani ba, amma yana yiwuwa a tsoratar kuma a bar rauni a kan fata.
- Dole ne a kula da quokka a Tsibirin Rottnest a hankali; duk wani keta dokokin sadarwa yana ƙarƙashin tarar. Mafi karami shi ne hukuncin ciyar da abincin mutum. Don haka, don kuki ko alawa da aka miƙa wa dabba, $ 300 ake tsammani, don lalata - har zuwa $ 50,000, don kisan kai - shekaru 5 a kurkukun Ostiraliya.
- Ana iya ganin Settonix a gidan ajiyar dabbobi na Petra, Adelaide, Sydney, amma an lura cewa a bayyane dabbobi na ɓoyewa daga idanun mutane. Saboda wannan dalili, ana ajiye dabbobin a bayan gilashi tare da tsananin hana duk wani tuntuɓar daga baƙi na gidan zoo.
- Karen dingo, wanda ya bayyana a tsibirin shekaru 3,500 da suka gabata, da kuma jan fox din da Turawa suka gabatar a shekarar 1870, ya haifar da babbar illa ga mutanen quokk. Iyakar wurin da waɗannan maharan ba su kutsa kai ba shi ne Tsibirin Rottnest. A yau, babban makiyin quokka a tsibirin shine mutum, musamman, cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ya kawo.
