Masu takobi nau'ikan halittar kifi ne waɗanda ke iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai ɗaci da kuma ruwa. A cikin kayyadadden ilimin halittu, ana tura su zuwa ga umarnin kifi mai yatsu, wanda aka hada shi da dangin kifin platyceae. A cikin yanayin su na asali, suna zaune ne a Amurka ta Tsakiya, a cikin rafuka masu dumi da tafkunan ruwa iri daban daban. Mahalli na takobi yana da faɗi, amma yawancin waɗannan kifin an san su da mazaunan ɗakunan ruwa na gida.
Bayani da fasali
Masu yin takobi a cikin yanayi da yanayin akwatin kifaye sun kai ƙarami. Tsawon maza, ya danganta da nau'ikan, ya banbanta tsakanin 4-10 cm.Mata sun fi girma - har zuwa cm 12. Kifi na dabi'a ne da yake da hannu, ƙirar ƙira da ingantaccen sifar jiki suna taimakawa ga wannan.
Mutanen takobi suna ninkewa daidai gwargwado. Kan yana 15-20% na jimlar tsawon. Caudal fin - game da 20%, ban da takobi a cikin maza. A cikin wasu nau'ikan, wannan kayan ado na iya kaiwa 50% na tsayin jiki. Irin wannan "makamin" mai ban sha'awa na iya yin alfahari da nau'in da ake kira "mai ɗaukar takobi na Montezuma".
Mata kusan dukkanin nau'ikan sun fi maza girma 12-17%. Funƙun fuka-fukan da suke zagaye ba za su iya daidaita da sifofi iri-iri da kuma girman gabobin jikin maza ba. Bugu da kari, karancin wutsiyar namiji ya girma ya zama gonopodium, gabobin haihuwa wadanda ke sadar da gidajen maza zuwa jikin mace.
Launin mata ba shi da kyau, inuwar ta dogara ne da mazaunin, launin toka-ruwan toka, launin ruwan kasa, sautuka masu launin kore. A yawancin nau'ikan halitta, mata suna da tabo a cikin babban launi. Maza sun biya diyya don yanayin tufafin matan. Wasu nau'ikan sun sanya sutura inda launuka daya ya fi yawa, kamar su ɗan koren takobi. Wasu launuka ne daban-daban.
Da dama nau'ikan halittu, rashin fahimta, mai sauƙi takobi mai kulawa, ingantaccen tsarin haifuwa ya kawo masu takobi a cikin akwatin ruwa na gida. Hakan ya faru a farkon karnin da ya gabata. Masu kiwo da masu kiwo nan da nan suka lura da su. A sakamakon haka, yawan kifin da ke cikin nau'ikan kayan adana takobi da zama a cikin akwatin ruwa a gida ya ninka yawan adadin takubban da ke rayuwa a cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa.
Irin
A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan 28 na takobi. Jinsi biyu ko uku sun samu ne daga hadewar halitta. Wannan cakuduwa abu ne mai wuya kuma yana daga cikin tsarin tausayin mutane. Wato, bayyanar sabon nau'in a cikin jama'a tare da jeri jeri. Akwai nau'ikan da ba a taɓa yin nazarinsu ba a cikin nau'in takobi. Akwai sanannun sanannun.
- Koren mai ɗaukar takobi... Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan. Yankin sa yana cikin yankuna daga Mexico zuwa Honduras.
- Mai ɗaukar takobi. Wani lokaci yana bayyana a ƙarƙashin sunan "chipas". An samo a cikin koguna masu sauri na Mexico. An buɗe a cikin 1960.
- Yellow takobi. Endemic zuwa Kogin Coatzacoalcos na Kogin Mexico. An yi amannar cewa nau'in na dab da bacewa. Akwai nau'ikan keɓaɓɓen nau'in - mai takobin rawaya ko lemun zaki. Wanda ya gabatar da dan rudani.
- Mai ɗaukar takobi mai tsayi. Yana da suna na tsakiya - mai takobi malinche. An samo shi a cikin kwarin Kogin Panuco, yana gudana a kudancin Mexico. An lasafta shi bayan mai fassara da ƙwarƙwara ta mamaye Cortes: Malinche Malineli Tenepatl.
- Mai takobi na Montezuma. Mazaunin arewa maso gabashin Mexico. Tana da takobi mafi tsayi mafi tsayi a tsakanin nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa. Kari akan haka, yana da kyan gani na karshe a cikin sifa da launi. Kifin yana da ban sha'awa sosai a cikin asalinsa. Ba da daɗewa ba aka samo shi a cikin ruwa na halitta da akwatin ruwa na gida.
- Takobin Gordon. Yana zaune a wuri guda: a cikin tafkin tsaunin Santa Tecla. Nuna al'ajibai na daidaitawa. Ruwan da ke cikin wannan tafkin yana da zafi sama da 30 ° C kuma an cika shi da hydrogen sulfide.
- Pecilia ta hango. A cikin adabin turanci, ana samun sa a ƙarƙashin sunan variatus platyfish. Wannan mai ɗaukar takobi — kifi sabon abu, yana da launi mai ban mamaki, kuma maza basu da takobi. Ana samun takobi mara makami a Amurka ta Tsakiya.
- Dan kudu mai dauke da takobi. Wani lokaci ana kiransa moonfish ko platyfish gama gari. Maza daga wannan nau'in kuma basu da takobi a wutsiyar su. Iyakar kifin yana tsaka da kewayon takobin kore, sakamakon haka, yaren gargajiya suka bayyana.
- Swordman pygmy ko pygmy. Ana samunta a Mexico, Amurka ta tsakiya. Mafi ƙarancin takobi, ba ya girma fiye da cm 3-5. Mata na wannan nau'in suna da launin toka, maza suna rawaya. Kifin dukkan jinsunan ya yi kama da juna.
Da yawa nau'in takobi gano kawai a baya da kuma yanzu karni. Gabatarwar gabatarwarsu cikin mai rarrafe ilimin halittu yana da alaƙa da ƙananan adadin jama'a, wanda ke da alaƙa da gaɓoɓin ruwan nesa.
Nau'in halittu guda uku ne kaɗai suka shahara musamman a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida da kasuwanci. Su kore ne, masu tabo da kuma takobi na kudu. A mafi yawancin lokuta, ba jinsin tsarkakakku bane da kansu suka yi nasara, amma siffofin da aka samu ta hanyar haɗuwa.
Koren takobi ya kafa babban rukuni na kifin akwatin kifaye. Yawancinsu sun rabu da sikeli na malachite kuma sun sami sabbin tufafi na launuka. Wannan ya faru ne ta hanyar kokarin masu kiwo. Wasu daga cikin sabbin siffofin suna shahara sosai ga masu sha'awar sha'awa da masanan ruwa a gida.
- Ja swordsman - kifin akwatin kifaye... Ana samu ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin koren takobi da nau'ikan platies daban-daban. An gudanar da aiki akan matasan tsawon shekaru: ba zai yiwu a cire fararen haɗuwa daga launin kifin ba. Tare da wannan lahani, an warware batun, launi ya zama ɗaya, cikakken, mai zurfi. An fara kiran kifin da ruby takobi.
- Bakin takobi. Samun kifin melanistic shine madawwamin aikin masu kiwo. Erarin sakamakon, mafi kyau. Masu kiwo sun cimma burinsu, yanzu baƙin kifi da takobi a kan wutsiyarsu yawancin mazaunan akwatin ruwa ne.
- Lemon takobi. An samo daga nau'in kore. Masana kifin ruwa suna yaba shi musamman, saboda launin wannan takobi galibi ana shafe shi da asalin koren launi.
- Calico takobi. Kifin ya sami irin wannan sunan na yadi don ladabi da haske na tsarin launi: launin ja sun bazu a kan farin baya. Launin jikin da masu shayarwa suka ɗauki cikinsa koyaushe ba ana ba da shi ga zuriya mai zuwa.
- Bulgaria farar takobi. Wannan zabiya ce, an daidaita ta cikin tsararraki, tana da duk alamun da ake buƙata: jajayen idanu da fararen jiki. Insananan fuka-fukan translucent sun ɗan ɓata farin jikin duka.
- Bakan Takobi. Riga da launuka masu launuka daban daban na bakan gizo ya tsaya tsayin-daka kan launin toka-kore. Kyakkyawan kyan gani an inganta shi da fincin lemu.
- Tiger mai takobi. Wannan kifin yana da tabo kamar yatsun tawada warwatse a kan wani jan fage. Finafinan Caudal kusan baki ne.
- Black-tailed takobin mutum. Jikin ja, sanye take da fincin duhu, yana sa wannan kifin ya zama mai daɗi da kyau a lokaci guda.
- Swordman a hoto sau da yawa ana wakilta ta bambancin lyrebird. Wannan sanannen tsari ne a tsakanin masanan ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, launi na kifin mai launi na iya zama daban. Makwabtan akwatin kifayen sukan fizge fincin da ke bunkasa kamar siririn siriri.
Kulawa da kulawa
Ana ajiye takubba a cikin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa. Za'a iya lasafta mafi ƙarancin wurin zama kamar haka: Lita 30 shine farkon farawa na takobi na farko, da lita 5 ga kowane kifi na gaba.
Kayan aikin Aquarium misali ne. Shuke-shuke da kifi suna son haske. Don haka karin fitila ba zai zama hanya ba. Idan ɗakin yana da matsaloli tare da dumama, kuna buƙatar kula da hita, wanda galibi ake haɗa shi da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na 25-26 ° C ba shine kawai kyakkyawan mafita don takobi ba.
Lokacin da zafin jiki ya sauka ƙasa da 22 ° C, mutum na iya lura cewa kifin yana matse fikafikansa, "yana tarkata" a ƙasa. Wannan yana nuna cututtukan takobi tare da ichthyophthyroidism, wanda ke haifar da parausitic infusoria. Abinda ya faru na ichthyophthyriosis abu ne mai yuwuwa, amma ba lallai ba ne. Masu takobi na iya rayuwa cikin lumana ko da a 20 ° C.
Wadannan kifin masu haƙuri suna da iyaka, yana zuwa lokacin da ruwan yayi sanyi fiye da 15 ° C. Mutuwa daga zazzaɓin sanyi yana bayan wannan ƙofar. Tianƙara da acidity ba sa damuwa da yawa. Waɗannan sigogin suna gama gari. Acid din yana kusan pH 7, taurin yana cikin dH 10-20.
Alamar gishirin na iya zama daban. Masu takobi yawanci suna rayuwa a cikin ruwayen ruwa. Amma gishiri kadan a cikin ruwa ba zai cutar da kifin ba. A zamanin yau, da yawa suna adana akwatin kifaye. Mai takobi, don canji, ana iya gano shi a cikin akwatin kifin ruwa. Don yin wannan, an shirya kifin: a cikin akwati inda yake zaune, gishirin yana ƙaruwa a hankali zuwa iyakar da ake buƙata (32-35 ‰).
Shuke-shuke na Aquarium, a gaban haske, suna samar da iskar oxygen, amma wannan bai isa ba. Sabili da haka, motsawar tilas dole ne ga duka ƙanana da manyan akwatin kifaye. Halin oxygen na al'ada yana farawa daga 5 MG kowace lita. Kuna iya duba wannan sigar ta amfani da gwajin da aka siyar a shagon dabbobi. Gwajin gwaji zai taimaka ƙayyade ba kawai oxygen ba, har ma da acidity da taurin ruwa.
Dabi'ar cin abincin takobi takan yi daidai da ta yawancin makwabta. Live food shine ya fara zuwa. Tsutsotsi na gargajiya, tubifex, da tsutsa sun kasance mafi kyawun kayan abinci. 'Yan takobi kuma ba sa ƙin abincin bushe na masana'antu. Kifi na iya sarrafa kansa daban-daban ta fiskar tsire-tsire na ruwa. Amma ba sa cutar da yawa kuma ba sa lalata tushen neman abinci.
Idan babu abinci mai rai, za a iya inganta abincin kifi bushe tare da abincin furotin na halitta: yankakken kwai kwai kwai ko yankakken naman sa naman alade - zuciya ko hanta. Duk abin da kifin bai ci ba dole ne a cire shi daga ƙasa ta amfani da siphon.
Kamar yawancin kifin pecilia, takobi na iya cin naman wani da zuriyarsa. Yaran yara suna samun mafaka a cikin ciyawar kore. Ayyukan marubucin ruwa don sanya soya a kan kari a cikin akwatin kifaye na matashi shine hanya mafi tabbaci don ceton jarirai.
Canza ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗayan mahimman bayanai ne kula da takobi da sauran rayuwar ruwa. Ruwan Aquarium shine tsarin tsarin halitta gabaɗaya, daidaitaccen abin shine mafi sauƙin cimmawa a cikin babban akwati. A matakin farko, ba a taɓa ruwan ba kwatankwacin watanni uku.
Bayan wannan, kusan sau ɗaya a kowane sati 2, kashi 20 cikin ɗari ne na yawan ruwan yake canzawa. Tsayayyen akwatin kifaye na buƙatar canjin ruwa sau ɗaya a mako, tare da ƙimar kusan 25%. Masu takobi suna ɗaukar wannan aikin da kyau, saboda suna son ruwa mai tsabta.
A cikin ruwa mai ɗaci, saboda ƙwarewar masaniyar ruwa, ƙila za a sami yawan chlorine, nitrates, nitrites na wasu abubuwa. Abin da ke haifar da guban kifi tare da alamomin halayyar mutum: gamsai ya bayyana a ramin gill, fushin takobi, tsalle daga ruwa ko, akasin haka, ya zama mai gajiya. Ana iya gyara lamarin ta hanyar maye gurbin ruwa gaba ɗaya.
Karfin Aquarium
Masu takobi kifi ne mai rai. Suna rayuwa tare da dukkan nau'ikan kifin pecilia. Sau da yawa takobi da guppies sune babban yawan akwatin kifaye, musamman ga sabon mai kiwon kifin. Baya ga platyliids, duk marasa ƙarfi, rayayyun halittu suna iya iyo kusa da masu takobi.
Wani lokaci natsuwa daga cikin garken yana damuwa takobi namijiwanda ya yanke shawarar jagorantar kungiyar. Wannan yana faruwa idan babu wadatattun mata. Ragowar a gefen maza cikin yanayin tawayar zasu nemi mafaka tsakanin shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa. Yawan su yana da kyau sosai a cikin gidan kifi. Masu takobi musamman abokai ne tare da camomba, elodea da sauran ƙananan mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Da wannan ciyawar swordsman karfinsu cikakke.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Masu takobi suna da fasali mai ban sha'awa - suna da saurin sauya maza da mata. Wannan baƙon abu - canzawar mace zuwa ta maza - ana kiranta protogyny. Mafi sau da yawa, dalilan lalacewa na dabi'a ne - rashi kifi namiji mai aiki. Wasu lokuta babu wasu tabbatattun dalilai da zasu iya bayyana metamorphosis.
Mata na takobi koyaushe suna isa shekarun haihuwa ba tare da canza kamanninsu ba. Suna samun wadataccen nauyi kuma suna girma zuwa girman su. Sun zama cikakkun mata. Suna iya kawo zuriya fiye da sau ɗaya. A ƙarƙashin matsin yanayi, sun fara canzawa, sun zama na maza.
Wani lokaci wannan mamakin kwayar halittar yana faruwa idan maza sun isa. Wataƙila yanayi ya ƙaddamar da shirin da aka kafa kafin haihuwar wannan mutumin. Bugu da kari, wanda aka sake fasalin, wato tsohuwar mace, ya fi kowane saurayi takobi girma. Don haka yana da fa'ida akan kishiyoyi a rayuwa da lafuzza na haihuwa.
Ko metamorphoses na mata ya faru a cikin garken da aka ba ko a'a, kiwo takobi gudanar sosai. Maza koyaushe suna kewaye mata da hankali kuma a shirye suke su haihu kowane wata. Tsarin ya zama gama gari ga kifaye masu rai. Gane mace mai shirye don haihuwa yana da sauƙi a cikin bayyanar.
Idan masanan ruwa suna son kiyaye zuriyar yadda ya kamata, zai sanya matar cikin nakuda a cikin akwatin kifaye. Bayan soya ta bayyana, mata takobi kamawa ya koma mazaunin kowa. Ana soya soya, bi da bi, zuwa tankin yara. Bayan wata guda, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade jima'i na takobi. Yana da shekara shida, sabbin ƙarni suna shirye don haifuwa.
Ana ɗaukar masu takobi kamar kifi mai rai. Amma ba haka bane. Embryos na kifi sun fara rayuwarsu a cikin ƙwai. Amma takobi na takobi mata ba ya aiwatar da aikin haihuwa. Caviar ya rage a cikinsu. Wannan yana ba da kariya mafi kyau ga zuriya ta gaba fiye da ɓarnatarwar gargajiya.
Masu takobi ba sa buƙatar samar da ɗari-ɗari na ƙwai. An iyakance su ga ɗari ɗari kawai mazaunan akwatin kifaye na gaba. Kowannensu, yayin da yake cikin ciki, yana ciyar da abubuwan cikin ƙwaryar da suke girma a ciki. Balagowar mahaifar tayi na daukar kwanaki 20. Bayan haka, toya mai zaman kanta gaba daya tana barin jikin mahaifansu kuma suna da damar rayuwa shekaru 3-5.
Sabili da haka, ya fi daidai a kira takobi 'yan iska, amma ba kifi mai rai ba. Wannan hikimar hikima ta yanayi tana tabbatar da kiyaye nau'ikan halittun a cikin yanayi mai cike da dabbobi masu cin karensu ba babbaka kuma kusan 100% na tsirawar takubba a cikin akwatin kifaye, saidai yaran an daidaita su cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin matashin.
Farashi
Ana iya siyan takobi cikin launuka iri-iri da siffofin fin a shagunan dabbobi. Mafi shahararren shine jan takobi. Wannan salon gargajiya ne na nau'in akwatin kifaye. Don irin wannan kifin, masu sayarwa da keɓaɓɓun shagunan dabbobi suna tambaya daga 50 zuwa 100 rubles. shi farashin takobi ya riga ya girma
A cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci mafi sauki ko a cikin keɓaɓɓun mutane, farashin takobi yana farawa daga 10 rubles. Zaɓin karɓar masu ɗaukar takobi a matsayin kyauta yana yiwuwa. Waɗannan kifayen suna hayayyafa da sauri kuma suna cika wuraren akwatin kifaye. Mai kula da kulawa lokaci-lokaci yana fuskantar ɗawainiyar ɗauke da takubba marasa ƙarfi zuwa wasu hannayensu.
