Masu farauta masu fuka-fukai, waɗanda aka haɗa su ta sifofi iri ɗaya don kama ganima, ana sanya su a matsayin masu farauta. Kowane mutum na da kaifin gani, da baki mai ƙarfi, da fika. Tsuntsaye masu farauta zauna duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica.
A cikin harajin haraji, ba su kafa rukuni na haraji, amma ana rarrabe su koyaushe bisa yanayin fasali ɗaya - ikon iya kai hari ta iska akan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye. Manyan fuka-fukai masu kama da fuka-fukai suna kama samarin dawakai, birai, macizai, wasu nau'ikan suna cin kifi da gawar.
Rukunan da aka keɓance sune:
- shaho;
- skopin;
- falko;
- sakatarori;
- Ungulu Amurka.
AT dangin tsuntsaye na ganima ya hada da nau'ikan mujiya da mujiya na sito, wadanda ake yin su da ayyukan dare. Hawungiyar shaho tana da yawancin jinsuna, yawancinsu suna zaune a Rasha.
Griffon ungulu
Ungulu tana zaune ne a kudancin Eurasia, Arewacin Afirka. Babban tsuntsu, mai nauyin kilogram 10, launi mai ruwan kasa tare da halayyar farin farin abin wuya daga gashinsa. Wani fasali mai rarrabe yana cikin fikafikan yatsu, wanda a tsawon ya wuce mita 2, a cikin wutsiyar murabba'i.
Dogon wuya, mai lankwasa baki wanda aka daidaita don yankan mayan. Ya sauka a kan tsaunuka masu tsayi, kusa da shimfidar shimfidar wurare don farauta a cikin makiyaya. Yana neman ganima daga babban tsayi, yana sauka a cikin lankwasa karkace. Sunan "ungulu" an ba shi tsuntsun ne saboda sautin sautin sautinsa, wanda ake ji da shi musamman a lokacin saduwa.
Mikiya
Yana zaune cikin yankunan gandun daji na Asiya, Amurka, Turai, Afirka. Girmansa babba baya bashi damar zurfafawa a cikin duhun daji, saboda haka ya daidaita gefen gefunan manyan lamuran daji, a cikin akwatunan gawa. Yana farautar dawakai, kurege, barewa, baƙar fata. Mikiya mai zinare ta dade tana da sha'awa ga mafarauta tare da tsuntsayen farauta.
Yana amfani da iska mai dumi a cikin tashi. Sanannun silhouettes na gaggafa na zinariya, ana iya kiyaye su yayin lokacin saduwa. Kamar yadda yake a cikin yawancin tsuntsayen ganima, a cikin gida babba kaza tana danne ƙarami, wani lokacin, idan aka rasa abinci, sai ta cinye.
Marsh (reed) mai kawo matsala
Jikin wata yana tsawa. Tsuntsun yana da doguwar jela, dogayen kafafu. Namiji yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja, jela da ɓangaren fuka-fuki launin toka ne. Launin plumage na mata daidai yake, mai launin cakulan, maƙogwaron rawaya ne. Tsuntsun yana ɗaure da wuraren ruwa da shuke-shuke na ruwa.
Ana samun jigilar sandar ƙarfe a Tsakiyar Asiya da Gabashin Turai. A cikin abincin, wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci yana shagaltar da mallards, snipe, corncrake, quail. Yawancin mafarauta sun san matsanancin kukan maharba. Dogaro da yanayin canjin yanayi, tsuntsayen suna zaman kashe wando, makiyaya ko ƙaura.
Jigilar ciyawa
Tsuntsaye masu matsakaici, tare da bayyananniyar jima'i. Maza suna da launin toka, ratsi mai baƙar fata yana gudana tare da fikafikan, raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a tarnaƙi sananne ne. Mata suna da launin ruwan kasa. Suna tashi low, shiru. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a cikin Eurasia, lokacin sanyi a yankuna masu zafi na Afirka da Asiya. Mazaunan fure masu dausayi suna da yawa a Rasha.
Tsuntsayen ganima na yankin Moscow, tare da gaggafa ta zinariya, peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon sun hada da makiyaya masu lahani masu sintiri a cikin tabkuna da yankunan gandun daji. A cikin jirgin, yana bayanin manyan da'irori, yana neman ganima. A cikin yankuna da tushen abinci mai kyau, yana ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin mutane da yawa.
Jigilar filin
An rarrabe tsuntsaye ta hanyar launin toka-toka-toka na inuwa mai daraja, wanda ya zama asalin sanannen kwatancen - mai launin toka-mai-furfura kamar mai ɗaukar kaya. A kan fikafikan, sabanin jigilar ciyawar daji, babu ratsi-ratsi baƙar fata, kawai dabarun duwatsu ne masu duhu. Rikicin Field sune masanan jirgin da basu da tarko, a inda suke jujjuya kaifi, yin rikitarwa, jujjuyawa da tashin hankali, faduwa.
An kama ganima ta hanyar mamaki. Mazaunin ya kumshi yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin Turai, Asiya, Amurka. A kudu daga kewayon suna rayuwa mara ƙarfi, a arewa, a cikin yankin gandun daji-tundra, masu ƙaura ne.
Gemu (rago)
Babban mai farauta wanda ba shi da wuraren da ba a san su ba a wuya, kirji, kai, kamar sauran ungulu. Bakin an kawata shi da kayoyi masu kauri kamar na gemu. Launin kirim na ɓangaren sama na jiki yana canzawa zuwa launin ja-ja-ja a ƙananan rabi.
Fuka-fuki suna da duhu sosai. Yana ciyarwa galibi akan gawar, amma yara da dabbobi masu rauni sun zama ganima. Mutumin mai gemu yana jefa gawawwaki daga kan duwatsu don karya manyan ƙasusuwa. Ana samun su a wurare masu wahalar isa a yankunan tsaunuka na kudancin Eurasia da Afirka.
Serpentine
Tsuntsayen ƙaura masu matsakaici. Kwarewar masanan masu cin maciji ya bayyana a halakar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Masu farauta masu fuka-fukai suna da babban kai, idanu rawaya, da fikafukai masu faɗi ƙwarai. Grey inuwa, wutsiyar wutsiya.
Suna zaune a Turai, hunturu a yankunan Afirka. Sun fi son yankuna na gandun daji tare da sauya buɗe gefuna da gangaren rana. A cikin jirgin, sun rataye wuri ɗaya, suna neman abin farauta. Scaananan ma'auni a kan yatsu suna kiyayewa daga cizon maciji mai dafi. An haɗiye waɗanda aka ci abincin daga macijin daga kansa.
Red kite
Tsuntsu mai ni'ima mai launin ja-ja da duhu-duhu. Kites sun bazu a cikin Turai, suna rayuwa a cikin filayen da za'a iya shuka, a cikin makiyaya kusa da gandun daji. Kyakkyawan flyers, mafarauta don farauta kai tsaye.
Ana samunsa a cikin birane a wuraren da ake zubar da shara, inda tsuntsaye kuma suke neman lada, shara. Suna mamaye alkalami na noma, inda zasu iya jan kaza ko agwagwa, kuma suna cin abinci akan tattabaru na gida. Yin watsi da tsuntsayen ganima ya zama aiki mai gaggawa ga yawancin masu kiwon kaji.
Black kite
Mazaunan gandun daji, yankuna masu duwatsu suna da launin ruwan kasa mai inuwa mai duhu. Abincin ya bambanta, gami da kifi, sharar gida, gawa. Ana ganin maigidan yana satar abinci daga wasu tsuntsaye. Xarancin kites ya bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa sun fizge abubuwan da ke ciki daga cikin kwandunan kayan abinci har ma da mutane, ba tare da tsoron mutane kwata-kwata ba.
Eagananan Mikiya
Mazaunan gama gari na Turai, Indiya, suna rayuwar ƙaura tare da wuraren sanyi a Afirka. A cikin sifar tsuntsu, mafi tsayi fukafukai da jela halaye ne. Launin plumage launin ruwan kasa ne, inuwar haske. Ya fi son gandun daji masu daɗin zama don zama, tuddai da shimfidar wurare tare da dausayi. Yana gida a cokula masu sanduna. Ana jin muryoyin tsuntsaye daga nesa.
Buzzard gama gari
Tsuntsu tare da jiki mai yawa, launi mai ruwan kasa tare da tsallake-tsallake. Wutsiyar da ke zagaye tana bayyane a sarari a cikin iska, wuyan matse shi zuwa jiki. Manyan tsuntsaye masu ganima zama a wurare daban-daban, a cikin daji da wurare masu duwatsu, a filaye. Yayi shiri a tsayi na dogon lokaci, akwai wadataccen samfuri daga kuda. Tsuntsu ya samo sunanta ne daga sautinta na musamman, kama da meow na kyanwa mai jin yunwa.
Mai cin ango na gama gari
Launin tsuntsaye ya banbanta tsakanin launin fari da launin ruwan kasa na plumage. Partananan ɓangaren jiki yana da ƙirar haɓaka. Nauyin babban tsuntsu yakai kimanin kilo 1.5. Babban mazaunin suna cikin yankunan daji na Turai da Asiya. Masu cin naman Wasp suna amfani da lokacin sanyi a Afirka.
Abincin ya dogara ne akan kwari, galibi wasps. Daga cizon yatsun dajin da ke harbawa, idanuwa da yankin bakin tsuntsun suna da kariya daga gashin tsuntsaye. Birdsananan tsuntsaye, amphibians, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune abincin abinci ga mai cin damfara.
Farar gaggafa
Manyan tsuntsaye masu duhu launin ruwan kasa masu kauri tare da farar wutsiya mai faɗi. Mabiyan rukunin ruwan, suna yin gida gida tsawon ƙarnika a kan duwatsu masu duwatsu tare da rafuka da bakin teku. Yana farauta don farauta mai yawa, baya ƙyamar gawa.
Ungulu
Matsakaici mai girman gashin tsuntsu mai launuka masu banbanci na launuka masu launin fari da fari, tare da yanki mai halayyar fata mara kyau a kai. Dogayen fuka-fukai a bayan kai da wuya. Ultungiyoyin ungulu suna gama gari a Eurasia, Afirka.
Rana tsuntsaye na ganima galibi suna shawagi a wuraren kiwo, ana samun su kusa da ƙauyukan mutane. Abincin yana dogara ne akan ɓarna, gawar ƙarshen matakin lalacewa. Suna sauƙin daidaitawa da kowane yanayin rayuwa. Babu shakka tsuntsaye suna da amfani wajen cika aikin umarni.
Sparrowhawk
Mai farautar ɗan ƙaramin wakilin dangin shaho ne. Sha'awar jima'i tana bayyana a cikin inuwar labulen tsuntsayen. Maza suna launin toka a babba, kirji da ciki a cikin ratsi mai rawaya na launi mai launi. Mata masu launin ruwan kasa ne a sama, ƙananan ɓangaren jikinsu fari ne, tare da zane-zane. Babban sananne shine fararen fuka-fukai sama da idanuwa, kama da girare.
Idanu da manyan kafafuwan shaho rawaya ne. Sparrowhawks na kowa ne a Tsakiya da Arewacin Eurasia. Suna farautar ƙananan tsuntsaye a cikin harin saurin walƙiya, suna neman abin farauta a cikin iska. Hanyar rayuwa ta dogara da yankin. Jama'ar Arewa suna yin ƙaura zuwa lokacin hunturu kusa da iyakokin kudu na mazaunin.
Goshawk
Tsuntsaye sun fi dangin sparrowhawk girma. Su masanan farauta ne, suna cin abinci kawai. Suna samun saurin sauri a cikin 'yan sakanni. Suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka iri daban-daban, gami da na tsaunuka. Tsaya kan wasu yankuna. Tsuntsaye masu farauta dangin skopin suna da nau'in jinsin daya.
Kwalliya
Wani babban mai farauta mai fuka-fukai yana rayuwa a ko'ina cikin duniya, ban da Kudancin Amurka, yawancin Afirka. Tana ciyar da abinci ne kawai kan kifi, saboda haka yana zama tare da rafuffuka, tabkuna, sau da yawa tekuna. Idan jikin ruwa yayi sanyi a lokacin hunturu, yakan tashi zuwa yankin kudu na kewayon. Launi mai banbanci - duhu mai duhu mai duhu da fari mai ƙanƙara. Wutsiya tana cikin ratsi-ratsi.
Osprey yana kama kifi daga tsayi tare da dogayen ƙafafu zuwa gaba. Fukafukan da aka ja da baya suna da halayyar haƙiƙa a haɗin wuyan hannu. Yatsan saman tsuntsu yana juyawa baya baya don taimakawa rike abin farauta. Fuka-fukan gashin man shafawa suna karewa daga ruwa, bawuloli na hanci - daga ruwa yayin shiga ruwa.
Ana rarrabe dangin falcon ta kyawawan halayen tsuntsaye. Bekoki na Falcons tare da ƙarin haƙori akan bakin. Ana samun shahararrun nau'in a Kudancin Amurka da Kudancin Asiya.
Kobchik
Birdaramin tsuntsayen ƙaura, masu yin hunturu dubban kilomita daga wuraren da ke zama. Wuraren buɗe ido, sun fi son filayen da ba a kula da su, dausayi. Yana ciyar da kwari, musamman May beetles. Lokacin farautar kananan tsare-tsare. Maza masu launin launin toka-toka, ciki haske. Mata suna da jan kai, ƙananan jiki. Black ratsi gudu tare da launin toka baya.
Kestrel gama gari
Tsuntsaye suna dacewa sosai da shimfidar wurare daban-daban. Ana iya samun Kestrel a cikin tsaunuka, tsaunukan daji, hamada, murabba'ai na gari, wuraren shakatawa. Da yawa tsuntsaye gida a Italiya. A lokacin hunturu, adadin su yana ƙaruwa saboda mutane ƙaura.
Launin tsuntsaye launuka ne da yawa. Girman kai da jela, ja baya, ciki mai haske-ruwan kasa, ƙafafun rawaya. Blackarfin baƙar fata yana gudana tare da wutsiya, wuraren duhu sun bazu a jiki. Abubuwan keɓaɓɓen kestrel shine ikon shawagi a cikin iska a wuri guda tare da jelarsa, yana kada fikafikansa.
Fagen Peregrine
Tsuntsu yana da tsawan gini, tare da babban kai. An nuna fikafikan, kamar yawancin wakilan falcon. Nauyin ya kai kimanin kilogiram 1.3. Bambancin tsuntsaye yana cikin kyawawan halayen su. Peregrine Falcon shine tsuntsu mafi sauri a cikin duk halittu masu rai a Duniya. A lokacin da yake kan ganiyarsa, gudun ya kai 300 km / h.
Gudanar da jirgin sama ya ba maharan damar kama ganima. Likin ganyen peregrine a cikin sashin sama na jiki baƙi ne. Kirji da ciki suna da launi mai launi, tare da raƙuman raƙuka masu tsawo. Bakin baka da kafafu rawaya ne. Falgons na Peregrine suna zaune a Australia, Asiya, Amurka, Turai.
Yawancin tsuntsayen suna mai da hankali ne a yankunan tundra. Yawan tsuntsayen tsibirin na Rum suna da girma kaɗan, tare da jan ciki na ciki. Masoya falconry galibi suna lalata gidan tsuntsaye ta hanyar ɗaukar kajin, don haka rage yawan jama'a.
Sha'awa
Tsuntsayen wani irin ƙaramin mahaukaci ne, yana zaune a wurare masu yawa tare da yanayi mai yanayi. Nauyin tsuntsu 300 kacal ne kawai. Sunayen tsuntsayen dabbobi wani lokacin ana canza shi ta hanyar kwatancen. Don haka, dangane da kamanceceniya da launi, ana kiran abubuwan sha'awa kamar "ƙananan falgorin falcon".
Tsuntsayen suna yin nesa mai nisa kafin lokacin sanyi mai kamawa. Ya fi son gandun daji masu rarrabuwa tare da sarari. Wasu lokuta tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa wuraren shakatawa na gari, manyan bishiyoyi. Yana farautar kwari da ƙananan tsuntsaye da yamma.
Lanner
Sunan na biyu na jinsunan shine falcon na Rum. Babban yawan jama'a suna cikin Italiya. A Rasha, wani lokacin yakan bayyana a Dagestan. Ya fi son wurare masu duwatsu, duwatsu tare da bakin teku. Lanners sun yi shuru isa kukan tsuntsayen ganima kawai ana iya jinsa a kusa da nests. Damuwa na ɗan adam na haifar da raguwar jama'a.
Sakataren tsuntsu
A cikin tsari na falconifers, babban tsuntsu shine kawai wakilin iyalinta. Nauyin balagagge ya kai kimanin kilogiram 4, tsayi ya kai cm 150, fuka-fuki ya wuce mita 2. Akwai nau'ikan da dama na asalin sunan da ba a saba gani ba na tsuntsu.
Mafi yawan bayanai game da kamannin kamannin shine cewa launin ladin tsuntsaye yayi kama da kwat da sakataren maza. Idan kun kula da jan hankali, fuka-fukan fuka-fukai a bayan kai, dogon wuya, siraran kafafu a cikin bakaken "wando" masu tsananin baki, to haihuwar sunan-suna ta bayyana.
Manyan fuka-fuki suna taimakawa tashi sama, sama da tsawo. Godiya ga dogayen ƙafafu, sakataren ya yi rawar gani, ya haɓaka saurin har zuwa 30 km / h. Tun daga nesa, kamannin tsuntsu yana kama da wani katako, mara tsoro, amma idanun gaggafa, baki mai karfi yana tabbatar da ainihin mafarautan.
Sakatarori suna zaune ne kawai a cikin Afirka. Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa bibbiyu, suna kasancewa da aminci ga juna a duk rayuwarsu. An rarrabe ungulujin Amurka ta babban girmansu, jarabar abinci ga mushe, tashin tashin hankali.
Condor
Nau'o'in masu ta'aziyyar Andean da Californian suna da ban mamaki cikin ƙarfi da girma. Manyan tsuntsaye na ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki, mai fikafikan firam na 3. Abin birgewa doguwa ce ja ja tsirara tare da farin abin wuya na gashin fuka-fukai, ƙugiya mai baki tare da withan kunnen fata.
Akwai tsiron jiki a goshin maza. Zangon ta'aziyya yana hade da tsarin tsaunuka. Ana iya ganin tsuntsayen da ba su da kwanciyar hankali a kan tsaunukan dutse, a tsakanin makiyayan tsaunuka masu tsayi. Suna tashi cikin iska daga dogon gudu ko sauka daga kangaren dutse. A cikin jirgi mai gudu, maiyuwa ba zasu iya yin sama da fikafikan ba tsawon rabin awa.
Duk da bayyanar barazanar, tsuntsayen suna cikin lumana. Suna ciyar da gawa, suna cin abinci mai yawa a ajiye. Tsuntsaye masu ban mamaki ne na tsawon rai. A dabi'a, suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 50-60, masu rikodin - har zuwa shekaru 80. Tsoffin mutane suna girmama masu ta'aziya kamar tsuntsaye masu girma.
Urubu
Nau'in catarta baƙar fata ta Amurka, suna na biyu na tsuntsu, an rarraba shi a kan babban yankin Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. Girman bai fi na kondomon ba, nauyin bai wuce 2 kilogiram ba. Kan da wuya ba su da fuka-fukai a babin sama, fatar tana da matukar damuwa, launin toka-launi.
Feetafafu masu kauri sun fi dacewa da gudu a ƙasa. Sun fi son filayen buɗe ƙasa, wuraren da ba kowa, wani lokacin tsuntsaye suna faɗuwa zuwa kwandon birni. Baya ga mushe, suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, gami da rubabbun' ya'yan.
Turkiya ta ungulu
Ana ɗaukar tsuntsu ɗaya daga cikin sanannu a Amurka. Wani fasali na wuyan turkey karamin kai ne wanda ba daidai ba gwargwado idan aka kwatanta shi da jikin mai ƙarfi. Kusan babu gashin tsuntsu a kai, fatar da ke bare ba ta da ja. Launin yana da duhu sosai, kusan baƙi.
Wasu gashin fuka-fukan a ƙasan fikafikan azurfa ne. Vungiyoyin ungulu na Turkiya sun fi son ciyarwa kusa da wuraren kiwo, ƙasar noma, suna neman gawar. Senseanshi mai ƙanshi yana taimakawa wajen nemo abinci a mafaka a ƙarƙashin rassan daji. Tsuntsaye ana daukar su shiru, nutsuwa, amma wani lokacin zaka iya ji sautukan tsuntsaye na ganima kama da gurnani ko raɗaɗi.
Garkuwan ungulu
Sunan tsuntsayen an baratantasu ta hanyar bayyanar su, wata hanyar rayuwa daban a wajen garken. Kari kan haka, a yakin da ake yi da wadanda suka taru don cin ganima, ungulu ta sarauta galibi ita ce take cin nasarar fada. Tsuntsayen da ke lalata da dabbobi, wani lokacin kifin agwagwa, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, masu rarrafe ke cika abincin.
Tsuntsayen dare na dabbobi sabanin yawancin mafarautan rana, mujiya ne suka wakilce su, nau'in mujiya na barn. Tsarin anatomical na musamman ya sa ya yiwu a rarrabe tsari na musamman na masu farautar siffofin mujiya.
Mujiya
Hasken gashin fuka-fukan fuka-fukai shine yake samarda fuskar mutum. Duk masu farautar dare suna da manyan idanuwa dake gaban kai. Fasalin hangen nesa shine hangen nesa. Ba kamar tsuntsaye da yawa ba, mujiya tana da ramuka na kunnuwa da aka rufe da fuka-fukai. Jin kaifi da jin wari sun ninka sau 50 fiye da yadda mutum yake iyawa.
Tsuntsu na iya hangen nesa kawai, amma ikon juya kansa 270 ° yana ba da cikakken kallo kewaye. Wuya kusan ba a gani. Lilin mai laushi, yalwar ƙasa yana tabbatar da tashin hankali.
Pafatattun farce, yatsan waje na motsi, juyawa baya, an daidaita shi don ɗaukar ganima. Duk owls suna da launi mai kamanni - haɗuwa da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa-baki da fari ratsi.
Mujiya
Tsuntsu mai kamannin gaske, wanda ake cewa yana da fuskar biri. Kamar dai farin abin rufe fuska a kai yana ƙara ɓoyewa ga mai cincin dare. Tsawon jikin mujiya na murabba'in cm 40 ne kawai. Taron da ba zato ba tsammani da yamma da karamin tsuntsu zai bar tunanin da ba za a manta da shi ba.
Motsi shiru da bayyanar bazata sune dabarun da mai farauta keyi. Tsuntsu ya samo sunansa ne saboda busasshiyar murya, kama da tari. Toarfin kama bakin bakinsa yana tsoratar da matafiya masu dare. Da rana, tsuntsayen suna kwana a kan rassan, ba za a iya rarrabewa tsakanin bishiyoyi ba.
Nau'in tsuntsayen ganyayyaki suna wakiltar jinsuna waɗanda ke rayuwa a kusan dukkanin kusurwar duniya. Kwarewar mafarauta masu fuka-fuka an girmama su ta yanayi tun zamanin da aka halicci duniya.
