Bayani da fasali
Duniyar karkashin ruwa tana da wadatar mazauna. Akwai dubunnan nau'in kifayen kadai. Amma akwai wasu daga cikinsu da suka karɓi taken girmamawa na "sarauta". Wadannan sun hada da sturgeon kifin sterlet... Amma me yasa kuma don menene ta cancanci irin wannan taken? Wannan shine abin da ya kamata mu gane.
Idan kun yi imani da tatsuniyoyin masun kifin da suka gabata, to irin waɗannan halittun da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ba ƙarami ba ne. Wasu daga cikinsu, suna zama abin alfahari na waɗanda suka yi sa'a suka kama su, sun kai kusan mita biyu a tsayi, kuma gawawwakinsu ya kai kimanin kilo 16. Yana iya zama kyau cewa duk wannan tatsuniya ce, ko wataƙila wasu lokuta sun canza.
Amma matsakaitan matsakaitan zamaninmu sun fi yawa, musamman maza, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun fi ƙanƙan da sirara fiye da wakilan da ke birge mace. Girman abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su irin wannan kifin yanzu ya kai rabin mita, kuma yawan bai wuce kilogiram 2 ba. Bugu da ƙari, manya na 300 g da girman da bai wuce 20 cm ya kamata a yi la'akari da na kowa ba.
Siffofin bayyanar waɗannan mazaunan ƙarƙashin ruwa ba su da banbanci kuma sun bambanta da sifa da tsarin yawancin kifayen a cikin cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa. Guguwar, mai tsayi, mai jujjuyawar fuska ta ƙwanƙwasa ya ƙare a ɗan lanƙwasa sama, mai kaɗa, hanci mai tsayi. Taɓarwa zuwa ƙarshen, a tsayi kusan ana iya kwatanta shi da kan kifin kanta.
Amma a wasu lokuta ba a san shi sosai ba, zagaye yake. Karkashin ta mutum na iya ganin gashin baki na zubewa kamar gewaye. Kuma ana ƙara ma'anar bakin bakin ta ƙananan idanuwan da ke gefen ɓangarorin biyu.
Bakin yana kama da wani tsaguwa wanda aka yanke daga ƙasan hancin, leɓen bakinsa biyu, wanda shine mahimmin sifar waɗannan halittu. Wutsiyar tasu tana kama da alwatika mai raba uku, yayin da ɓangaren fin ɗin ya fi ƙarfi fiye da na ƙasa.
Wani fasalin mai ban sha'awa na irin wannan kifin shine rashin sikeli akan doguwar jiki mai girma, ƙamshi mai laushi, ma'ana, kamar yadda aka saba mana. Ana maye gurbinsa da garkuwar kashi. Mafi girman su yana cikin layuka masu tsayi.
Mafi girma daga cikinsu, sanye take da jijiyoyi da kuma bayyanar da dutsen da bai dace ba, maye gurbin ƙoshin baya ga waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki. Hakanan ana iya ganin shi daga ɓangarorin biyu tare da jeri na garkuwa. Kuma wasu iyakoki biyu na ciki, babban yanki wanda ba shi da kariya da rauni.
A waɗancan wurare na jikin kifin, inda layuka da manyan larura ba su nan, ƙananan faranti ne kawai suke rufe fatar, wani lokacin kuma sai ta zama tsirara. A takaice, waɗannan halittu suna da ban mamaki sosai. Amma komai yawan bayanin da kayi, bazai yuwu kayi tunanin bayyanar su ba idan baka kalla ba Sterlet a cikin hoto.
A mafi yawancin, launi na bayan irin wannan kifin ruwan kasa ne mai launin toka ko duhu, kuma cikin ciki haske ne tare da rawaya. Amma dangane da halaye da wuraren zama na mutum, launuka sun banbanta. Akwai misalai na launin launin kwalta da aka jiƙa a cikin ruwan sama ko launin toka-rawaya, wani lokacin ɗan haske kadan.
Irin
Haka ne, irin wannan kifin, idan kunyi imani da jita-jitar, wani lokaci can baya sun fi su girma yanzu. Bugu da kari, sterlets suna da ban mamaki sosai. Amma kakanninmu sun kira su "sarauta" ba don wannan ba. Amma saboda wannan kifin koyaushe ana ɗauke shi a matsayin mai ɗanɗano na abinci, ana yin shi ne a cikin fadoji, kuma ba kowace rana ba, amma a ranakun hutu ne kawai.
Kama ta koyaushe an iyakance ta, har ma masunta kansu ba su yi mafarkin gwada aƙalla wani abu daga abin da suke kama ba. An yaba wannan abincin tare da sturgeon. Amma menene banbanci tsakanin irin waɗannan kifaye biyu, kowanne ɗayan daga zamanin da yana cikin rukunin masu daraja? A zahiri, dukkansu biyun suna cikin manyan largean gidan sturgeons, wanda kuma aka raba shi zuwa gidajan gida biyar.
Dukkanin kifin namu na dayansu ne kuma wata dabi'ace wacce ake kira "sturgeons" ta ichthyologists. Sterlet nau'ikan wannan nau'in ne kawai, kuma danginsa, bisa ga karɓaɓɓun rarrabuwa, su ne mashahurin tauraron ɗan adam, beluga, ƙaya da sauran shahararrun kifi.
Wannan wani dadadden jinsi ne wanda ya mamaye duniyar karkashin duniyar tamu tsawon miliyoyin shekaru. Wannan yanayin, ban da abubuwan archaeological, ana nuna shi da alamun waje da na ciki na wakilai.
Musamman, irin waɗannan halittun ba su da kashin baya, kuma a maimakon haka suna da ɗan ƙarami ne kawai, wanda ke yin ayyukan tallafi. Hakanan ba su da kasusuwa, kuma an gina kwarangwal ne daga tsoka mai laushi. Mafi yawa daga cikin sturgeon sun kasance sananne ne saboda girman su.
Kattai na musamman tare da tsayi mai girma shida na iya ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 100. Amma, batter daga dangin ta na kananan iri ne. Hancin stargeon ya fi guntu kuma kansa ya fi na mambobin jinsunan da muke bayaninsu. Wadannan mazaunan karkashin ruwa kuma sun banbanta da yawan garkuwar kashi a bangarorin.
Amma ga sterlet, an san siffofin biyu. Kuma babban bambanci shine a cikin tsarin hanci. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, yana iya zama ɗan zagaye ko ɗan tsayi na gargajiya. Dogaro da wannan, ana kiran kifinmu: da hanci mai kaifi ko kaifi. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan sun bambanta ba kawai a zahiri ba, har ma a halaye.
Misalai na karshen suna da saurin motsi, wanda yanayin yanayi ya tilasta musu aiwatarwa har ma da sauyin lokaci, da kuma kasancewar abubuwa marasa dadi, ma'ana, hayaniya da sauran matsalolin.
Dull-hanci a akasin wannan ya fi son ɓoyewa daga matsalolin duniya a ƙasan tafkunan ruwa. Tana da hankali, sabili da haka akwai ƙananan dama ga masunta su same ta. Gaskiya ne, farautar gidan sauro na iya zama tarko, amma wannan nau'in kamun kifi doka ba ta yarda da shi ba.
Rayuwa da mazauni
A ina aka sami kifin 'yar iska? Yawanci a cikin manyan koguna da yawa na nahiyar Turai. Da farko kallo, yanayin sa kamar ya fadada sosai, amma yawan mutane yayi kasa sosai, saboda a yau an rarraba wannan nau'in a matsayin wanda ba safai ba. Koyaya, ba yawa a baya, idan mukayi la'akari da yadda kakanninmu suke ɗaukar irin wannan ganima.
Yawancin waɗannan kifaye ana samun su a cikin kogunan da suke malala zuwa cikin tekun Caspian, Azov da Black. Misali, akwai sterlet a cikin Volga, amma ba ko'ina ba, amma galibi a cikin yankunan manyan tafkunan ruwa. Hakanan ana samunsa a wasu yankuna na Yenisei, Vyatka, Kuban, Ob, Kama, Irtysh koguna.
An yi rikodin samfuran samfuran waɗannan halittun cikin ruwa a cikin Don, Dnieper, da Urals. Sun kusan kusan ɓacewa, kodayake an taɓa samun su, a cikin Kogin Kuban, haka kuma a cikin Sura bayan kamun kifi da yawa, yayin da a rabi na biyu na karnin da ya gabata akwai ɗimbin yawa a cikin ruwan wannan kogin.
Raguwar yawan mutane kuma ya gurɓata ta gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa. Sananan yara suna son gudu, tsabta, ruwa mai ɗan sanyi kadan. Ba kamar sturgeons ba, waɗanda, ban da rafuka, galibi suna bayyana a cikin tekun da suke shiga ciki, kifayen da muke kwatanta su da wuya su yi iyo a cikin ruwan gishiri.
Su kawai mazauna kogi ne, kuma suna zaune a wuraren da ke da yashi mai yashi ko kuma an watsa su da ƙananan pebbles. Sabili da haka bakin teku ba ya wanzu a cikin yanayi, amma idan na ɗan lokaci ya zama haka, to kawai ta hanyar haɗari, faɗawa cikin tekun daga bakin koguna.
A lokacin bazara, mutanen da suka manyanta sun gwammace yin iyo a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, suna jujjuya a cikin manyan garken tumaki suna motsi da kyau. Kuma ci gaban matasa, wanda aka ajiye shi cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, yana neman raƙuman ruwa masu kyau da ƙananan hanyoyi a bakin koguna. A ƙarshen kaka, kifin yana samun ɓacin rai na ƙasa a ƙasa, a waɗancan wuraren da maɓuɓɓugan ƙarƙashin ƙasa suke guduwa daga ƙasa.
A cikin waɗannan ramuka, tana ɓata lokutan da ba su da kyau, tana tarawa a can cikin babban garken tumaki, yawan mutanen da zasu iya kaiwa ɗari ɗari. A lokacin hunturu, suna zaune suna matse junan su, kusan basa motsi a gidajensu kuma basa cin komai. Kuma suna shawagi zuwa saman ruwa ne kawai lokacin da aka 'yanta shi daga kangin kankara.
Gina Jiki
An ba ta dogon hancin, wanda yanayi ya ba ta kwaya, saboda dalili. Da zarar wannan tsari ya wanzu don neman ganima, wanda magabatan mutane na zamani suka gano suna haƙa cikin ƙasa mai laka. Amma bayan lokaci, dabi'un kifayen sun canza, duk saboda yanayin waje da kewayon waɗannan halittu sun canza.
Kuma eriyar fringed ce ta karbe aikin bincike, wadanda tuni aka ambata a bayanin a baya. Suna nan a yankin gaba na hancin kuma an ba su irin wannan ƙwarewar sosai don ba masu su damar jin ƙarancin abincinsu a ƙasan kogin.
Kuma wannan duk da cewa kifin yana sauri cikin ruwa. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa yanzu hanci ga masu hancin hanci da wakilcin jinsin ya juye izuwa wani kayan ado mara amfani, kyautar da baza'a manta da ita ba. Amma samfuran da basu da hankali a ƙarnuka, kamar yadda kuke gani, har yanzu ana samun canje-canje na waje.
Duk wakilan jinsunan da muke bayaninsu masu farauta ne, amma suna cin abinci daban, kuma basu da bambanci a cikin abinci. Manyan mutane na iya cin wani, galibi ƙananan kifi, kodayake farauta da afka wa irinsu ba safai ba ga irin waɗannan halittu.
Sabili da haka abincin su galibi ya ƙunshi leƙoji, kwari da mollusks. Kuma waɗanda suka fi ƙanana ci tsutsa iri-iri na kwari: kwari na ƙira, sauro da sauransu. Hakanan menu na wakilan rabin mata da maza ya bambanta yayin lokacin kiwo.
Abinda yake shine cewa mata da maza suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa daban. Tsohon ya manne a ƙasan sabili da haka yana cin tsutsotsi da sauran ƙananan dabbobin da ake samu a cikin rami. Na biyun kuma suna iyo sosai, saboda hakan a cikin ruwan sauri suna kama invertebrates. Sau da yawa, irin waɗannan kifaye suna samun abincinsu a cikin ruwa mara zurfi a cikin ciyawar ciyawa da ciyayi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Sterlet kifi yana rayuwa da yawa, kimanin shekaru 30. An ɗauka cewa akwai tsawon rai a tsakanin wannan jinsin, wanda ya kai shekaru 80. Amma gaskiyar irin wannan hasashen yana da wahalar tabbatarwa. Wakilan rabin miji sun balaga don haifuwa suna da shekaru 5, amma matan suna da cikakken tsari a matsakaita shekaru biyu daga baya.
Yawan lokuta yawanci yakan faru ne a wuraren tara duwatsun bakin teku a sama kuma zai fara ne a lokacin da, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ruwan har yanzu yana sama kuma yana ɓoye kifi daga waɗanda ba sa so, ko kuma, yana faruwa a wani wuri a watan Mayu. Eggswan da aka wanke sun girmi girma fiye da sturgeon, suna da fasali mai kaushi da launi mai launin rawaya ko toka, suna kama da launi iri ɗaya da jikin kifin kansu.
Lambar su a lokaci guda an kiyasta dubbai, daga 4000 kuma yana ƙarewa tare da rikodin adadin adadin 140,000. A ƙarshen spawn, wanda aka samar dashi a ƙananan rabo kuma zai ɗauki sati biyu, soya ya bayyana bayan wasu kwanaki bakwai. Da farko, ba sa mafarkin tafiya mai nisa, amma suna zaune a wuraren da aka haife su.
Ba sa buƙatar abinci. Kuma suna ɗaukar abubuwan da suke buƙata don wanzuwa da haɓaka daga ajiyar kansu ta hanyar ruwan gallbladder. Kuma da kawai suka ɗan girma kaɗan, sai suka fara mallakar muhallin da ke kewaye da ruwa don neman abinci.
Farashi
A cikin tsohuwar Rasha, sterlet ya kasance mai tsada sosai. Kuma talakawa basu sami damar siyan irin wannan samfurin ba. Amma ba a kammala liyafa ta sarauta ba tare da miyar kifi ba da kuma sha'awar irin wannan kifin. An isar da Sterlet zuwa ga ɗakin girkin gidan sarauta da rai, kuma an ɗauke shi daga nesa cikin keji ko kuma itacen oak, inda aka kiyaye yanayi mai danshi a hanya ta musamman.
Abun da ake kamawa a zamaninmu yana raguwa koyaushe saboda haka ƙarami mai mahimmanci. Dangane da wannan, kifin "masarauta" kawai ba zai iya zama mai araha ta musamman ga mai amfani da zamani ba. Zaku iya siyan sa a cikin kifin da shagunan sarkar, a kasuwa da gidajen abinci.
Farashin Sterlet yana da kusan 400 rubles a kowace kilogram. Haka kuma, wannan daskararre ne kawai. Rayuwa ta fi tsada ga mai siye. Hakanan an yaba da caviar na wannan kifin, kuma ba kowa ke iya sa shi ba. Bayan duk wannan, matsakaita mai siye ba zai iya biyan rub dubu huɗu don tulu gram ɗari. Kuma caviar na wannan kifin ya kashe kusan wannan.
Kama siterlet
Irin wannan kifin ya daɗe a kan shafukan Littafin Ja kuma ya kafu a can. Sabili da haka kamala sterlet mafi yawanci an hana, kuma a wasu yankuna iyakantattun ƙa'idodi sun iyakance su. Irin wannan kamun kifin na bukatar lasisi.
A lokaci guda, an ba shi izinin kama manyan kifayen manya kawai a cikin adadin da bai wuce goma ba. Kuma kawai saboda sha'awar wasanni, sannan kuma ya kamata a sake abincin. Amma karya doka ba sabon abu ba ne, kamar yadda ake amfani da kayan mafarauta.
Irin wannan sabani ya zama mummunan rauni kuma yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga ƙaramar ƙaramar yawan sterlets. An sanya mahimman ƙayyadaddun samfuran kasuwancin sa. Kuma kifin da ya ƙare a shaguna kuma aka ba wa masoya abinci na "sarauta" a gidajen abinci galibi ba a kamuwa da shi a cikin yanayin yanayi, amma ana girma ne a gonaki na musamman.
A cikin Amur, Neman, Oka wani lokaci da suka wuce, a kan yunƙurin masana ƙirar halitta, an gudanar da ayyuka na musamman. Hayayyafa daga cikin halittun da ke cikin hatsari an aiwatar da su ta hanyar hanyar wucin gadi, ma'ana, ta hanyar sanya soyayyen 'ya'yan itacen da ake shukawa a wani yanayi daban a cikin ruwan wadannan kogunan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Kakanninmu sun ba wa wannan kifin lakabin "ja". Amma ba yadda za a yi saboda launi, kawai dai a cikin tsohuwar zamanin ana kiran kyawawan abubuwa wannan kalmar. A bayyane, jita-jita da aka yi daga sterlet sun ɗanɗana abin ban mamaki.
Irin wannan abincin yana matukar son masu ƙarfin wannan duniyar. Fir'auna da sarakuna ne suka cinye sturgeon din, tsarswan Rasha, musamman Ivan mai ban tsoro, sun ji daɗi sosai, a cewar tarihin. Kuma Peter I har da tilasta kiwo "jan kifi" a cikin Peterhof da doka ta musamman.
A zamanin yau, sterlet yana soyayyen, shan sigari, gishiri, ana amfani dashi don shashlik da miyar kifi, ana cikawa da kyawawan kayan abinci. Sun ce naman nasa yana ɗan ɗanɗano kamar naman alade. Yana da kyau musamman tare da kirim mai tsami, an yi masa ado da gherkins, zaituni, da'irar lemo da ganye.
Abin takaici ne kawai Ruwan kifi mai sabo yau ba komai bane yadda yake a da. Samfurin da ake bayarwa yanzu a cikin shaguna bashi da kyau kwata-kwata. Bayan duk wannan, wannan ba kifin da aka kama bane, amma ya haɓaka ta ƙirarru. Kuma kodayake a farashin ya fi araha, romo daga gare ta ba shi da wadata kwata-kwata.
Kuma dandano bai zama daidai ba, da launi. Hakikanin naman "jan kifi" yana da launi mai launin rawaya, kuma wannan shine abin da ke sa shi mai ƙiba, wanda ba shi da yawa a cikin samfuran zamani. Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya ganin ainihin sterlet a kasuwa. Amma suna sayar da shi a ɓoye, daga ƙarƙashin bene, saboda irin wannan kifin da masu farauta suka samu.
