Bayani da fasali
Daga ƙanshin abincin mackerel na dokin Bahar Maliya, mutane da yawa sun fara tofa albarkacin bakinsu. Wannan kifin yana da laushi mai laushi, mai daɗi, mai matsakaici, mai daɗin ƙanshi da nama mai laushi wanda ba ya ƙunsar irin waɗannan mara daɗi, har ma da haɗari, ƙananan ƙasusuwa.
Wannan kayan gwangwani ne, an dafa shi, an gasa shi, an busar da shi ne kuma gishiri ne; yana da kyau kuma soyayyen kuma shine babban sinadarin miyar kifin. Magungunan da aka shirya ta wannan hanyar suna iya bawa jikinmu da babban saƙo na abubuwa masu mahimmanci.
Kuma irin wannan abincin likitocin sun ba da shawarar rashin lafiya da yawa. Amma ba shakka, da ba za mu ga wani abu kamar wannan ba, ko da a mafarki, in ba don shi ba baƙin teku dokin makkere, Wato, ba ice cream ko sabon samfurin da ke kwance a cikin shaguna ba, amma wakilin rai ne na dabbobin ruwa daga dangin mackerel doki, mazaunin teku.
Wannan halittar tana da kananan sikeli masu kariya, jiki mai tsawaita, yana ƙarewa a gaba tare da kaifin kansa da ƙuntataccen bayanta. Fuka-fukan fuka-fuka sun fito daga wutsiya kamar tutar lanƙwasa a cikin alwatiran triangle.
An gyara su kamar a kan siririn kara wanda ke fitowa daga kashin baya. Baya yana da ƙafafu biyu: gajeriyar gaba da dogon baya tare da gashinsa masu taushi. Abubuwan da ke ƙyallen kifin ba su da gajarta. Kan nasa ya fi girma girma; yana da idanu zagaye da cibiyar duhu a bangarorin biyu. Bakin mackerel dawakai ya isa. Bayanta yana da launi mai launin toka-shuɗi, kuma cikinta haske ne, azurfa.
Yanayi ya kare wadannan halittu daga masu farauta ta hanyar shirya jikinsu da dutsen sawtooth, watau layin ƙaya da aka ɗora akan faran ƙashi, da kuma jijiyoyi guda biyu a saman jelar. A matsakaici, kifi ya kai kimanin cm 25, yayin da nauyinsu da wuya ya wuce 500 g. Duk da haka, akwai ƙattai masu nauyin kilogiram, kuma nauyin rikodin shi ne kilogiram 2.
Irin
Black teku dokin makerel yayi la'akari da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan masassarar dokin Bahar Rum. Kuma dukansu biyun suna cikin halittar mackerel, wacce wakilanta ke zaune a yankin Baltic, Arewa da sauran tekuna, ban da waɗanda tuni aka ambata a cikin takamaiman sunan Baƙar fata da Bahar Rum. Irin waɗannan kifaye suna zama a cikin tekun Indiya, Pacific, Tekun Atlantika, ana samunsu ne a gaɓar Afirka, Amurka da Ostiraliya. Gabaɗaya, wannan jinsin ya kasu kashi fiye da goma.
Wakilan jinsi na iya bambanta a cikin girma, lamba da tsarin ƙaya; siffar jiki, kodayake a cikin su duka ana matse shi daga ɓangarorin; haka nan kuma a launi, wanda ya fara daga launin ruwan toka-zuwa shuɗi-fari; har yanzu ana zaune a yankin, wanda galibi ana nuna shi da sunan iri-iri. Akwai, misali, Atlantic, Jafananci, Peruvian ko Chile, kazalika da makaren dokin kudu. Livesarshen yana zaune a cikin ruwan dumi mai zafi na Australia da Kudancin Amurka.
Gaskiya ne, yana da wuya a kafa shingaye da takurawa a bayyane a nan, saboda kifaye suna iyo a ko'ina kuma ba shi yiwuwa a gano hanyoyin da suka ƙaura zuwa daidai. Sabili da haka, alal misali, ana samun mackerel ta dokin Atlantika a cikin ruwan tekun Black, Arewa ko Baltic, suna iyo a can daga tekun.
Kuma maƙarƙancin dawakai na Bahar Maliya shima mai son tafiya ne. An yi imanin cewa sau ɗaya a wani lokaci, shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, irin waɗannan kifaye ma suna tashi daga Tekun Atlantika. Sun shiga Bahar Maliya ta cikin Bahar Rum kuma sun ci gaba da yaduwa.
Bambanci tsakanin mambobin halittar mackerel shima girmansa ne. Amma a nan komai ya fi sauki, kuma ana lura da irin wannan dogaro: ƙaramin ƙaramin girman yankin da kifin ke rayuwa, ƙarami a matsakaici yana da girma. Mafi yawan wakilai na halittar mackerel na jinsi, galibi mazaunan tekun, na iya auna nauyin kilogiram 2.8 kuma ya kai tsawon 70 cm a tsayi.
A cikin yanayi na musamman masu girma dabam na baƙin teku dokin mackerel Zasu iya kaiwa zuwa cm 60. Makarel din dawakai kuma ya sha bamban da dandano, saboda tasirin ruwan yana tasiri sosai a cikinsa wanda waɗannan wakilai na dabbobin ruwa ke rayuwa.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ya rigaya ya bayyana cewa yanayin da mackerel dawakai ke iya kasancewa cikin nasara, hayayyafa da yaduwa shine ruwan gishiri na tekuna da tekuna, banda yankunansu masu sanyi, saboda a cikin tsaunuka masu dumi ne wannan kifin yake samun asali musamman kuma yana jin mai girma.
Amma a wasu yanayi, ruwan kwalliya ma ya dace da irin wannan kifin. Na karshen yana faruwa ne yayin da waɗannan matafiya na cikin ruwa suka tsinci kansu a wuraren da koguna ke kwarara zuwa cikin tekuna. Koyaya, koda rayuwa a cikin fadadawar teku, mackerel dawakai suna ƙoƙari su manne ga nahiyoyin, suna zuwa kusa da gefunan ruwan su. Ba sa sauka zuwa ƙasa kuma ba suyi iyo sama da 500 ba, amma yawanci basa tashi sama da 5 m.
Irin waɗannan mazaunan ruwa mai gishiri suna cikin garken tumaki, wanda ke sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙe kamun su, saboda sune abin kamun kifi. Ya kamata a kara cewa yawan wadannan halittu suna da matukar damuwa game da kamewa da yawa. Irin wannan ɓatancin yana haifar da raguwar mahimmin adadin dawakan dawakai a cikin ruwan teku, sannan hanyoyin dawo da cutar sai ci gaba suke yi a hankali, kuma suna ɗaukar shekaru.
Black teku dokin makerel (akan hoton Kuna iya ganin wannan kifin), gwargwadon yanayi, an tilasta mata canza salonta. Akwai lokuta biyu yayin da halin kifin yake da nasa halaye.
Na farkonsu shine bazara, kodayake kawai kuna iya kiransa ta wannan hanyar, saboda yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni takwas, yana farawa a watan Afrilu kuma yana ƙarewa a Nuwamba, wani lokacin ma a watan Disamba, duk ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yanayi. A lokacin da aka kayyade, lokacin da matakan ruwa na sama suka dumama sosai, mackerel doki zata tashi sama.
Suna motsawa sosai, suna yaɗuwa cikin mazauninsu, suna girma cikin sauri, suna ciyarwa sosai, kuma suna ƙaruwa. A lokacin sanyi, waɗannan kifin sun rage ayyukansu zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin aiki.
Organwayoyinsu suna iya tsayayya da mahimmin sanyaya, amma har zuwa + 7 ° C. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mackerel dawakai ke kokarin kiyaye yankunan bakin teku masu dumi. Suna yin hunturu a cikin raƙuman ruwa da manyan raƙuman ruwa, galibi kewaye da bankunan masu tsayi.
Gina Jiki
Irin wannan kifin ya kamata a yi la'akari da cikakkun masu farauta, kodayake ba su yi da'awar cewa su manyan ganima ba ne. Amma har ila yau layukan jikinsu na iya fadawa mutanen da suka fahimci cewa wadannan halittun ba 'yan iska bane wadanda ke kan doron kasan teku, suna bude bakinsu, da fatan cewa abincin zai tsallake da kansa. Suna neman "burodinsu".
A cikin bincike na yau da kullun, irin waɗannan kifin dole ne su motsa daga rana zuwa rana don neman wurare masu kyau cike da abincin da ake so. Ya zama galibi ƙwai da ƙuruciya waɗanda ke cikin kifaye da ke zaune a saman ruwa: herring, tulka, gerbils, sprats, anchovy. Abin farautar mackerel na doki na iya zama shrimp da mussels, sauran ƙananan invertebrates da crustaceans, da ƙananan kifi kamar anchovies.
Amma duk da cewa mackerel dawakai mahaukaciya ce, amma ita kanta galibi ana kashe ta ne da mafarautan da suka fi ta girma, daga cikin makwabta na teku. Yana da kyau cewa yanayi ya kula da shi, tare da samar mata da ƙayatattun gefen. Wanda yake son ci ya zama mai da hankali, in ba haka ba ba za a iya guje wa rauni ba.
Kari akan haka, idan mai farauta mara kwarewa yana son hadiye wannan kifin baki daya, zai sha wahala. Kuma mutanen da suka yanke shi don abincin rana kada su manta game da makamin ɓatancin bayanai, da alama ba shi da illa ga mutane, halittun teku.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yawancin mackerel dawakai sun fi son yanayi mai ɗumi, sabili da haka suna rayuwarsu a wurare masu zafi da ruwa kusa da su. Akwai damar yin kwan kwaya duk shekara. Kuma a lokacin, lokacin da dumi ya zo ga yanayin tsayayyen yanayi, kuma aka samar da yanayi mai kyau, kifayen kan matsa zuwa can don haihuwa.
Wakilan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na Black Sea suna da damar da za su ci gaba da jinsinsu kawai a cikin lokacin da ya dace da wannan, wanda ke zuwa a tsakanin Mayu-Yuni. A wannan lokacin, garken da ke akwai a baya sun watse, wasu kuma suka taso, suka yi kama da jinsi.
A wannan yanayin, mata sukan sauko cikin ƙananan ruwa, yayin da ake tara maza a saman su. Kuma wannan baya faruwa kwatsam kuma yana da zurfin ma'ana. Bayan duk wannan, caviar da rabin mata ya share daga ƙasa yana da kayan shawagi zuwa sama, kuma a can ne ake samun nasarar hayayyafa ta madarar da maza ke ɓoyewa.
Mackerel dawakai tsakanin dangin dangin su ana daukar su a matsayin masu rike da tarihi don haihuwa. A lokaci guda, suna iya yin ƙwai har zuwa dubu 200, waɗanda suka mai da hankali kuma suka fara haɓaka cikin sihiri a cikin matakan ruwa na sama. Amma da farko waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan tsari ne, ba su wuce milimita a diamita ba.
Kaddara baƙin teku dokin mackerel caviar, kamar sauran nau'ikan waɗannan kifin, yana da ban sha'awa sosai. A cikin ƙoƙari na kare soyayyen da ke fitowa daga gare shi ba da daɗewa ba daga masu cin nama, yanayi ya ba su hikima mai ban mamaki. Suna tserewa daga haɗarin duniya a ƙarƙashin dome na jellyfish, suna manne da shi, kamar dai ƙarƙashin rufin gida.
Jarirai suna girma cikin hanzari, suna kai tsawon santimita 12 a shekara guda.Kusan a daidai wannan lokacin, wasu lokuta kadan daga baya, suna iya samar da zuriya. Jimlar tsawon rayuwar waɗannan kifin kusan shekaru 9 ne.
Farashi
Yawancin jita-jita na dawakai sun kasance sanannu da ƙaunatuwa ga mutane da yawa shekaru kaɗan da suka gabata. Amma yaduwar shaharar wannan kifin a hankali ya dushe, duk da cewa bai cancanta ba. Kuma yanzu ba safai zaka same shi a cikin shaguna ba. Amma idan kuna so, ana iya siyan wannan samfurin, musamman ta Intanet.
Black Sea dokin makarel farashin kusan 200 rubles. don 1 kilogiram. Haka kuma, wannan jinsi ne wanda ya fi dandano sosai akan nau'ikan halittar tekun mackerel. Kifin da aka soya a cikin ghee da mai na kayan lambu yana da kyakkyawan ɓawon burodi. Fresh mackerel za a iya nade shi a cikin takarda kuma a sanya shi a cikin tanda; simmer, mirgine tare da waina, ko mai-mai. Kudin kuɗin masarufin dawakai ya ma yi ƙasa kuma ya kai kimanin dubu 80 rubles a kowace tan.
Kamawa
Dangane da gurɓataccen ruwan Bahar Maliya, an sami karancin dawakai na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu wannan yanayin ya zama mai tsabta, kuma makarantun waɗannan kifayen sun sake bayyana a cikin gabar bakin teku. Tunda irin waɗannan halittun dake cikin ruwa yawanci basa sauka sosai, kamawar baƙin teku yana da matukar dacewa don samarwa daga jirgin ruwan, kuma don ƙwararrun masanan kifi - har ma daga tudu. Bugu da ƙari, don cin nasara a cikin wannan batun, musamman ma ƙwarewa masu mahimmanci ba a buƙata.
Zai fi kyau a yi kifi a cikin watanni masu ɗumi, fara daga farkon hasken rana, ko tafiya a faɗuwar rana. Kodayake, a ka'ida, akwai damar kama irin wannan ganima a kowane lokaci. Riedauke su ta hanyar farautar kansu don ƙananan wakilan dabbobin ruwa da neman abinci, ana manta da mackerel dawakai.
Yin iyo cikin garken tumaki, sun rasa fargaba, ba su lura da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa kewaye da su ba, har ma da tsalle daga ruwa cikin zafi. Cizon mackerel na dawakai musamman a lokacin kaka, suna jefa kansu a kowane irin koto, tunda irin waɗannan halittu suna da babban abinci. A matsayinka na koto, zaka iya, ba shakka, amfani da tsutsotsi, wadanda suka shahara tsakanin masunta; kazalika da busassun dabbobin ruwa, dafaffun da aka toya, da ɓawon burodi da yankakken ciyawa.
Daban-daban kayan aikin kamun kifi sun dace a nan: tsarin shawagi, sandunan kamun kifi da sanduna masu juyawa, amma duk da haka mafi kyawu na magancewa shine layin layi, saboda, a cewar masana, ana iya kama mafi yawan makerin dawakai ta wannan hanyar.
Tunda wannan kifin yana motsawa a cikin ruwa a cikin ruwa, kayan haɗi waɗanda ba haɗe-haɗe ba sanye take da ƙugiyoyi masu yawa suna da matukar amfani. Kuma yawancin su a cikin adadi, mafi tsayi ya kamata ka zaɓi sanda. Kryuchkov akan mackerel dokin Bahar Maliya lokacin kamun kifi tare da sandar juyawa tare da reel, yawanci yakan ɗauki kusan goma. Dukansu yakamata su kasance na ƙarfe mai inganci tare da dogon layin dogo.
Mashahuri lokacin kamun kifi don wannan kifin da wanda ake kira azzalumi. Wannan babban wayo ne saboda yana amfani da snag maimakon kwalliyar da aka saba. Zai iya zama ƙyallen ƙafa, zaren, ulu na ulu, gashin fuka-fukai, galibi waɗanda aka keɓe na musamman, waɗanda, suna haskakawa cikin ruwa, suna zama kamar kifi. Maƙarƙashiyar dawakai, ba daidai ba, sau da yawa yana ɗaukar duk wannan wauta don abin farautarsa kuma, godiya ga irin wannan wayo na dabara, ya kamu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Tabbas, akwai wani abu don ƙarawa ga duk abin da aka riga aka rubuta. Sabili da haka, za a gabatar da wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da kyakkyawar lafiyar mackerel a ƙasa. Dukansu suna da alaƙa da kayan abincin ta.
- Iledasa dafaffen makararre, saboda matsakaiciyar ƙitsonsa da ƙarancin carbohydrates a cikin nama, yana da daraja sosai, ana ɗaukarsa samfurin kayan abinci. An ba da shawarar ga masu ciwon sukari da waɗanda suke so su rasa nauyi;
- Tasa daga wannan kifin ya zama mai amfani ga mutane masu rauni da jijiyoyin jini da zuciya, cututtukan thyroid da jijiyoyin jiki. Irin wannan abincin yana kunna aikin kwakwalwa, yana inganta ci gaban tsoka da inganta ayyukan kariya a jiki;
- Lokacin shirya wannan kifin, zai fi kyau ga matan gidan su cire kai kai tsaye tare da gishiri dab da ita. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin wannan sashin jiki ne abubuwa masu haɗari da kuma sharar masana'antu da aka narkar a cikin ruwan teku suke tarawa. Kuma ba abin mamaki bane, saboda duk wannan yana shiga cikin halittun kifin daidai ta hanyar gill;
- Karkakken mu da gishirin, kifin namu yayi kama da mackerel. Amma sabanin na karshen, mackerel dawakai ba ta da kiba sosai;
- Daga mackerel na dawakai, saboda rashin ƙananan ƙashi a cikin namansa, yana da matukar dacewa don yin nikakken nama. Kuma ana yin cutlet masu ban mamaki daga gare ta;
- Yawancin hanyoyin shirya wannan kifin an lasafta su a baya. Bugu da kari, ya zama ya zama mai dadi sosai lokacin da ya bushe. Amma ba za ku iya cin ɗanyen kayan ta kowace hanya ba, saboda ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙunsar a ciki.
A ƙarshe, ya kamata a faɗakar da shi cewa ya fi kyau kada a zagi wani, koda samfurin mai ƙima da fa'ida. Kuma wuce gona da iri a kowane yanayi suna cutar da jiki. Sabili da haka, don amfani da mackerel, an kafa ƙa'idojin kansa. Irin wannan abincin ba zai wuce gram 200 ba a kowace rana. Kuma wannan adadin ya isa ya shayar da jikin mutum da ma'adinai masu amfani, bitamin da kuzari.
