Akwai nau'ikan da ba a saba da su ba a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Hannuna daya daga cikinsu. Wannan dabba mai shayarwa na daga tsarin birai-biri, ga ƙungiyar lemurs, amma ya bambanta da su sosai a cikin halaye da halaye.
Bayani da fasali
A cikin 1780, albarkacin binciken masanin kimiyya Pierre Sonner tsakanin dabbobin dazukan Madagascar, abin ban mamaki karamar dabba... Dabbar ba kasafai ake samun irinta ba har ma mutanen yankin, bisa ga tabbacinsu, ba su hadu da ita ba.
Sun kasance fayau game da wannan dabba da ba a saba gani ba kuma suna furtawa "ah-ah" cikin mamaki koyaushe. Sonner ya zaɓi waɗannan maganganun a matsayin suna don wata dabba da ba a saba da ita ba, wacce har yanzu ana kiranta haka - Madagascar aye-aye.
Tun daga farko, masana kimiyya basu iya danganta shi da takamaiman nau'in dabba ba kuma kawai bisa ga bayanin Pierre Sonner sun sanya shi a matsayin ɗan sanda. Koyaya, bayan ɗan gajeren tattaunawa, an yanke shawarar gano dabba a matsayin lemur, duk da cewa ya ɗan bambanta da halaye na gaba ɗaya na rukunin.
Madagascar aye tana da asali na asali. Matsakaicin girman dabba karami ne, kimanin santimita 35-45, nauyi ya kai kimanin kilogiram 2.5, manyan mutane na iya yin kilogram 3.
Ana kiyaye jiki da dogon gashi mai duhu mai duhu, kuma dogon gashin da ke aiki a matsayin alamu rabin fari ne. Wutsiyar wannan dabba da ba a saba gani ba ta fi jiki tsayi da yawa, babba kuma mai laushi, madaidaiciya, ta fi kama da kurege. Cikakken tsawon dabbar ya kai mita, wanda wutsiya ta dauki rabin - har zuwa santimita 50.
Wani fasali na rayuwar Madagascar yana da girma, ba girma ba, kai mai manyan kunnuwa, mai kama da ganye. Idanu sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman - babba, zagaye, galibi rawaya tare da launuka masu launin kore, waɗanda duhun dare ya tsara su.
Hannu ay-ay Mazaunin dare ne kuma yana da kyakkyawan gani. Abin bakin ciki a cikin tsarinsa yayi kama da bakin linzami. An nuna shi, sanye take da haƙoran haƙoran gaske waɗanda ke ci gaba da girma koyaushe. Duk da bakon suna, dabbar tana da gaba biyu da kafafu biyu na baya, akwai dogayen kaushin hannu a yatsun.
Legsafafun gaba sun ɗan guntu da na baya, saboda haka duniya tana tafiya a hankali a ƙasa. Kodayake da wuya ya sauko duniya. Amma da zaran ta hau bishiya, gajerun kafafu na gaba zasu zama babbar fa'ida kuma su taimaki dabbar da sauri ta cikin bishiyoyin.
Tsarin yatsunsu ba sabon abu bane: tsakiyar yatsa aye bashi da laushin nama, yana da tsayi sosai kuma siriri ne. Dabbar tana amfani da wannan yatsan da kaifin siririn ƙusa don samun abinci ta hanyar taɓa haushi, kuma kamar cokali mai yatsa yana fitar da tsutsa da tsutsotsi da ke jikin bishiyar, yana taimakawa wajen tura abincin cikin maƙogwaronsa.
Lokacin gudu ko tafiya, dabbar tana lankwasa yatsan tsakiya zuwa ciki yadda ya kamata, yana tsoron lalata shi. Dabbar da ba a saba da ita ba ana kiranta mafi ban mamaki da aka sani. Kabilun yankin na asali sun daɗe suna ɗaukar zamanin ɗan wuta. Ba a san takamaiman dalilin da ya sa hakan ya faru ba.
Bayanin farko da masu bincike suka bayar ya nuna cewa 'yan asalin sun dauki wannan tsinannen dabbar ne saboda hasken idanuwan lemu masu haske, wadanda suka hada da duhu. Hannu a hoto kuma a zahiri yana da ban tsoro, wannan shine abinda, masana kimiyya suka yi imani da shi, kuma suka sanya tsoro game da camfi ga 'yan asalin.
Camfi na ƙabilun Madagascar ya ce mutumin da ya kashe hannu za a la'ance shi ta hanyar kusan mutuwa. Har yanzu, masana kimiyya ba su iya gano ainihin sunan duniya a yaren Malagasy ba. A zahiri, dabbar da ke tsibiri tana da kirki, ba za ta taɓa kai hari ko fari ba. A cikin rikice-rikice na yau da kullun, ya fi so ya ɓuya a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi.
Abu ne mai matukar wahala a sayi wannan dabbar, saboda tana gab da karewa saboda halakar camfi, haka nan kuma saboda yawan haihuwa. Sananne ne tabbatacce cewa ba sa yin kiwo cikin bauta.
Mace tana kawo ɗiya ɗaya tak a lokaci guda. Babu wasu sanannun lokuta game da haihuwar yara biyu ko fiye a lokaci ɗaya. Ba shi yiwuwa a sayi rayuwa a cikin tarin keɓaɓɓu. An jeji dabbar a cikin Littafin Ja.
Irin
Bayan gano wannan dabba da ba a saba gani ba, masana kimiyya sun sanya ta a matsayin rodent. Bayan cikakken nazari, an sanya dabbar zuwa matakin rabin-birai. Dabba aye na cikin rukunin lemurs ne, amma an yi imanin cewa wannan nau'in ya bi wata hanyar daban ta juyin halitta kuma ya koma wani reshe daban. Sauran nau'ikan, ban da Madagascar aye-aye, ba a same su ba a halin yanzu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce binciken masana tarihi. Ragowar tsohuwar duniya, bayan sake sake ginawa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar komputa, ya nuna cewa tsohuwar dabbar ta fi ta zuriyarta girma.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Dabbar ba ta son hasken rana sosai saboda haka ba ya motsi a rana. Ba ya ganin komai a cikin hasken rana. Amma da fitowar magariba, ganinsa ya dawo gare shi, kuma yana iya ganin tsutsa a cikin bawon bishiyoyi a nisan mita goma.
Da rana, dabbar tana cikin nutsuwa, yana hawa cikin rami ko zaune a kan daddaɗaɗɗun rassa. Zai iya zama mara motsi duk rana. Hannun an rufe shi da manyan jelarsa kuma yana bacci. A wannan jihar, da wahalar ganinta. Da dare ya yi, dabbar ta fara rayuwa kuma ta fara farautar tsutsa, tsutsotsi da ƙananan kwari, waɗanda kuma ke jagorantar rayuwar dare mai aiki.
Yana zaune ae musamman a cikin dazukan Madagascar. Duk yunƙurin neman jama'a da ke wajen tsibirin bai yi nasara ba. A baya, an yi imani cewa dabbar tana rayuwa ne kawai a arewacin tsibirin Madagascar.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa ana samun samfuran da ba safai ba a yammacin tsibirin. Suna da daɗin dumi sosai kuma idan an yi ruwan sama, za su iya taruwa a ƙananan rukuni kuma su yi barci, suna matsowa kusa da juna.
Dabbar ta fi son zama a cikin gora mai zafi da dazukan mangwaro, a wani ƙaramin yanki. Yana da wuya ya sauka daga bishiyoyi. Yana da matukar shakkar canza wurin zama. Wannan na iya faruwa idan ɗiyan suna cikin haɗari ko abinci ya ƙare a waɗannan wuraren.
Zamanin Madagascar yana da 'yan kaɗan na gaba. Ba sa jin tsoron macizai da tsuntsayen masu cin nama; ba sa cin abincinsu daga manyan mafarauta. Babban haɗari ga waɗannan dabbobin da ba a sani ba shine mutane. Baya ga ƙiyayya na camfi, akwai ƙarancin sare bishiyoyi a hankali, wanda shine mahalli na yau da kullun don aye aye.
Gina Jiki
Hannu ba mai farauta ba. Tana ciyarwa ne kawai kan kwari da tsutsu. Da yake rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi, dabbar tana matukar saurarar ƙwarin da ke tashi sama, kwarkwata, kwari ko tsutsotsi masu yawo a busasshiyar haushi. Wasu lokuta suna iya kama malam buɗe ido ko mazari. Ba a kai hari kan manyan dabbobi kuma sun fi son su yi nesa da su.
Saboda tsari na musamman na kafafuwan gaba, duniya a hankali takan sa bawon bishiyoyi don kasancewar tsutsar ciki, a hankali a bincika rassan bishiyoyin da yake rayuwa a kansu. Dabbar tana amfani da yatsan tsakiya na wiry a matsayin katako, yana nuna kasancewar abinci.
Sannan maharban yana cizon haushi da hakora masu kaifi, yana fitar da tsutsa kuma, ta amfani da ɗan yatsan hannu ɗaya, yana tura abinci a maƙogwaron. An tabbatar a hukumance cewa dabbar na da ikon gano motsin kwari a zurfin mita hudu.
Yana son hannu da 'ya'yan itace. Lokacin da ta samo fruita fruitan itacen, sai ta yi gunduma a wurin bagade. Yana son kwakwa. Tana daka su, kamar bawon haushi, don tantance yawan madarar kwakwa a ciki, sannan kawai ta ciji goro da take so. Abincin ya hada da gora da kara. Kamar fruitsa fruitsan itace masu wuya, dabbar tana cizon ta ɓangaren mai wahala kuma ya zaɓi ɓangaren litattafan almara da yatsansa.
Hannun Ai-ai suna da sigina iri-iri. Da fitowar magariba, dabbobi suna fara motsawa ta cikin bishiyoyi don neman abinci. A lokaci guda, suna yin sauti mai ƙarfi, kwatankwacin gurnar dajin daji.
Don korar wasu mutane daga yankunansu, aye na iya yin babbar kuka. Yana magana ne game da halin tashin hankali, ya fi kyau kada ku kusanci irin wannan dabba. Wani lokaci zaka iya jin wani irin kuka. Dabbar tana yin duk waɗannan sautuka a cikin gwagwarmayar yankuna masu wadataccen abinci.
Dabbar ba ta taka rawa ta musamman a cikin jerin abincin Madagascar ba. Ba a farautar ta. Koyaya, yanki ne mai mahimmancin yanayin halittar tsibirin. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa babu masu katako da tsuntsaye kwatankwacin su a tsibirin. Godiya ga tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, mai rikewa yana yin "aikin" na katako - yana tsaftace bishiyoyi daga kwari, kwari da tsutsu.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kowane mutum yana zaune a cikin babban yanki shi kaɗai. Kowace dabba tana yiwa yankin ta alama kuma hakan yana kiyaye ta daga harin dangin ta. Duk da cewa an raba duniyan, amma komai yana canzawa yayin yanayin saduwa.
Don jan hankalin abokiyar zama, mace zata fara yin sautuka masu karfi, tana kiran maza. Ma'aurata tare da duk wanda ya zo kiranta. Kowace mace tana ɗaukar maraƙi ɗaya na kimanin watanni shida. Uwa ta shirya gida mai daɗi ga ɗiya.
Bayan haihuwa, jaririn yana cikinsa kusan wata biyu kuma yana shan nonon uwa. Yana yin hakan har tsawon watanni bakwai. Jarirai suna da kusanci na kusa da mahaifiyarsu, kuma suna iya zama tare da ita har shekara guda. Anyi dabba babba a cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Abin sha'awa, yaran suna bayyana sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu zuwa uku.
Matsakaitan jarirai yarana ku auna kimanin gram 100, manyan zasu iya kaiwa gram 150. Lokacin girma ba shi da aiki sosai, jarirai suna girma a hankali, amma bayan kimanin watanni shida zuwa tara sun kai nauyi mai ban sha'awa - har zuwa kilogram 2.5.
Wannan adadi yana canzawa yayin da mata suka fi nauyi kuma maza suka fi nauyi. Haihuwar yara an riga an haife su da farin ulu. Launin gashi yana kama da na manya. A cikin duhu, suna iya rikicewa cikin sauƙi, amma yara sun bambanta da iyayensu a launin ido. Idanunsu shuɗe ne mai haske. Hakanan zaka iya fada ta kunnuwa. Sun fi kanwa ƙanƙanci.
Ana haihuwar yara da hakora. Hakoran suna da kaifi sosai kuma suna kama da ganye. Canja zuwa na asali bayan kamar wata huɗu. Koyaya, suna canzawa zuwa abinci mai ƙarfi na manya har ma akan haƙoran madara.
Abubuwan da dabbobi suka gani kwanan nan sun nuna cewa farkon farauta daga gida yana farawa cikin kimanin watanni biyu. Sun tafi na wani dan karamin lokaci kuma basuyi nisa ba. Wajibi ne mahaifiya ta kasance tare da ita, wacce ke sa ido sosai kan duk motsin yaran kuma tana jagorantar su da siginan sauti na musamman.
Ba a san takamaiman tsawon rayuwar wata halitta a cikin fursuna ba. An sani cewa dabbar ta zauna a gidan ajiye dabbobi fiye da shekaru 25. Amma wannan lamari ne na ware. Babu sauran wata shaida da ke nuna tsawon rayuwar aeons. A cikin yanayin muhalli, a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.
