Yatse kifi mackerel jin daɗi don nama mai ƙanshi mai ƙanshi da dandano mai ƙima, duk da haka, da farko, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi azaman mai wakiltar fauna na cikin ruwa. Dangane da tsarin kayan kwalliya, kifin yana da siffofi da nau'ikan keɓaɓɓu, wanda ya sa ya zama ba kamar takwarorinsa ba. Yana da mackerel da wani, sunan da ba na kowa ba, mackerel.
Bayani da fasali
Mackerel – kifi, a waje mai kama da sandar: kai da wutsiyarta sirara ne kuma tsawaita, kuma jiki yayi kauri sosai yadda ya kamata, an daidaita shi a tarnaƙi. An rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli masu kama da fata, wannan yana sauƙaƙa matakan girbi - babu buƙatar tsabtace kifin.
Baya ga manyan firam, mackerel tana da ƙananan ƙanana da yawa, waɗanda, tare da surar jiki, ba ku damar motsawa cikin sauri koda da mai aiki ne na yanzu; a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, kifin na iya saurin zuwa 80 km / h.
Musamman mahimmanci ga wannan nau'in akwai layuka 5 na ƙananan ƙura, waɗanda suke kusa da wutsiya kuma suna maimaita motsin motsin ta gaba ɗaya - suna aiki a matsayin nau'in tuƙi kuma suna taimakawa motsawa. Yawancin lokaci mackerel na da tsawon kusan 30 cm kuma nauyinsa bai wuce gram 300 ba, amma akwai lokuta idan masunta suka sami nasarar kama wani mutum da nauyinsa yakai kilogram 1.6 da 60 cm a tsayi.
A saman kan kifin, idanuwa suna kama, kamar sauran membobin gidan mackerel, suna kewaye da zobe na kashin gaske. Hakoran, waɗanda mackerel za ta iya amfani da su don cin ganima a cikin 'yan sakanni, ƙanana ne kuma masu mahimmin abu, kuma hancin yana da kaifi.
Ba za a iya rikice launin launi na mackerel da waninsa ba: ciki mai rawaya mai rawaya-rawaya ko zinariya da baya tare da launi mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi wa ado da fasalin wavy yana sa kifin sananne.
Irin
Duk nau'ikan mackerel suna da launi iri ɗaya tare da ratsiyoyi na halayya a baya, duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan kifin guda 4:
- japan, ƙaramin wakilin mackerel: matsakaicin nauyin da aka rubuta shi ne 550 g, tsawon jiki - 44 cm;
- Afirkasamun mafi girma a cikin iyali (har zuwa kilogiram 1.6) kuma ya kai 63 cm a tsayi;
- atlantic, Mafi yawan lokuta ana kiran wannan nau'in na talaka. Ya banbanta da rashin mafitsara ta ninkaya, wacce ta dace da wasu nau'ikan mackerel: an yi amannar cewa ta rasa mahimmancin ta ne saboda kebantuwar rayuwa a cikin yanayin tekun, inda ya zama dole a nutse cikin sauri kuma a dawo saman lokacin farautar. Mackerel na Atlantika yana da musculature mafi haɓaka, wanda ke yin kwangila tare da ɗimbin yawa kuma yana ba kifin damar kasancewa cikin zurfin da ake buƙata a madaidaiciyar yanayin kwance;
- Ostiraliya, wanda namansa ya ɗan bambanta da wasu: yana da ɗan kaɗan kuma yana da tauri, saboda haka irin wannan makerin ba shi da farin jini, kodayake ana yin sa da yawa.
Wasu masana kimiyya sun rarrabe mackerel a matsayin nau'ikan mackerel na musamman, suna ishara da bambance-bambancen launuka: wasu mutane suna da launuka masu launin shuɗi da ƙananan ratsi a bayanta. Girman irin wannan kifin na iya kaiwa mita 1.5 a tsayi, wanda aka sa masa suna na masarauta. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin kasuwanci, wannan nau'in bai fito fili ba: an yi imanin cewa yanayin wurin zama yana shafar inuwa da girman mackerel.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mackerel yana zaune a cikin ruwan Amurka, Arewacin Turai, Baƙar fata da Bahar Rum. Kifin yana da zafi, yanayin zafi yana da kyau a gare shi - digiri 8-20; yayin tsananin sanyi, mutane da yawa suna taruwa cikin garken tumaki don yin ƙaura zuwa wurare da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Abin lura ne cewa yayin wannan motsi, kowane makarantu na mackerel basa yarda da wasu nau'ikan kifayen kuma suna kare makarantunsu daga baki. Gabaɗaya mazaunin mackerel ya kasu kashi daban-daban, inda ɗayan jinsunan kifi ya zama mafi rinjaye.
Don haka, galibi ana samun jinsunan Australiya a cikin Tekun Fasifik, kusa da China da tsibirin Japan, kuma suna yaɗuwa zuwa gabar Australiya da New Zealand. Mackerel ta Afirka ta zauna a cikin Tekun Atlantika kuma ta fi son zama kusa da tsibirin Canary da Azores, inda zurfin ruwan da ke bakin ruwa bai faɗi ƙasa da mita 300 ba.
Jafananci, a matsayin mafi tsananin zafi, yana rayuwa ne a Tekun Japan tare da Tsubirin Kuril, zafin ruwan da ke wurin zai iya kaiwa digiri 27, don haka kifin ya faɗaɗa iyakokin mazauninsu kuma ya ci gaba daga gefen tekun a lokacin da ake noman.
Mackerel ta Atlantic tana zaune a cikin ruwan Iceland da Canary Islands, kuma ana samunta a Tekun Arewa. A lokacin tsinkayen, yana iya motsawa cikin gauraye a cikin Tekun Marmara, babban abin shine zurfin ba shi da zurfi - kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, wannan nau'in kifin bashi da mafitsara mai iyo.
Sai kawai lokacin lokacin hunturu ne mackerel za ta nitse cikin mita 200 a cikin ruwa kuma ta zama ba ta motsi, kuma abincin a wannan lokacin ya yi karanci, saboda haka kifin da aka kama a lokacin kaka yana da kayan mai mai yawa.
A gefen tekun Amurka da kuma a Tekun Mexico, manyan garkunan mackerel kuma suna da abin da ake kira nau'in sarauta, shine mafi sauki a kamasu, tunda kifin baya faduwa kasa da mita 100 kuma ana iya kama shi cikin raga.
Mackerel kifi ne na ƙaura, yana zaɓar ruwa wanda yake da yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau a matsayin mazaunin sa, saboda haka, ana iya samun ɗayan mutum a cikin dukkan tekuna, ban da Arctic. A lokacin dumi, manyan ruwaye kuma sun dace da mahimmin aikin kifi, saboda haka ana kama su ko'ina: daga bakin tekun Biritaniya zuwa Far East.
Ruwan da ke kusa da nahiyoyin na da hatsari ga mackerel ta gaban makiya na halitta: zakunan teku, pelicans da manyan kifin da ke farautar mackerel kuma suna da ikon halakar da rabin garken a lokacin farautar.
Gina Jiki
A matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin jerin kayan abinci, mackerel tana matsayin abinci ga dabbobi masu shayarwa da manyan jinsunan kifi, amma shi kansa mai farauta ne. A cikin abincin mackerel zooplankton, ƙananan kifi da ƙananan kadoji, caviar da larvae na rayuwar teku.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa yadda mackerel ke farauta: tana taruwa a ƙananan makarantu kuma tana tura makarantun ƙananan kifi (sprat, anchovy, gerbils) zuwa saman ruwa, inda yake samar da wani irin kasko. A yayin farautar mackerel, sauran masu farautar sukan sanya baki har ma da kwarkwata da duwawu, wadanda ba sa kyamar cin abinci mai rai da aka kama a cikin tarko.
Manya da yawa na farautar mackerel a kan squid da kadoji, suna kai hari cikin dakika biyu kuma suna yayyage ganima da haƙoran haƙora. Gabaɗaya, kifin yana da fa'ida sosai kuma ƙwararren masunci yana iya kamo shi koda kuwa ba tare da amfani da koto ba: yana ɗaukar ƙugiya a matsayin abinci mai yiwuwa.
Tsarin hakar abinci mackerel a cikin hotonwanda yan koyo suka yi, ya zama mai ban sha'awa: kyakkyawar makarantar kifi, tare da sauran masu lalata, gami da dolphins. Kari akan haka, yayin motsawa kusa da saman ruwa, makarantun makkerel suna kirkirar hum wanda za'a iya ji a tsakanin radiyon kilomita da yawa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balagarcin kifin yana farawa ne daga shekara 2 na rayuwa, daga wannan lokacin mackerel ke haihuwar ta kowace shekara ba tare da tsangwama ba har zuwa mutuwa. Mackerel da ke tsirowa, da ke rayuwa a cikin garken tumaki, yana faruwa a matakai da yawa: a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, manya suna fitowa don haihuwa, sannan kuma ƙara samari, kuma, a ƙarshe, a ƙarshen Yuni, lokacin farkon ɗan fari ne.
Don haɓaka, mackerel ya fi son yankunan bakin teku. Kifi mai dausayi ya nutse zuwa zurfin mita 200, inda suke kwan ƙwai a ɓangare a wurare da yawa. Gabaɗaya, yayin da ake haihuwa, baligi zai iya samar da ƙwai kusan dubu 500, kowanne ɗayansa bai fi girman 1 mm ba kuma yana ɗauke da kitse na musamman wanda zai ciyar da zuriya mara kariya.
Cigaba da kwanciyar hankali na ƙwai yana faruwa a yanayin zafin ruwa na aƙalla digiri 13, mafi girma shi ne, saurin saurin tsutsa zai bayyana, girmansa kawai 2-3 mm. Yawanci, lokacin daga spawn zuwa zuriya shine kwanaki 16 - 21.
Girman aiki na soya yana ba su damar isa girman 3-6 cm a ƙarshen lokacin bazara, zuwa Oktoba tsawonsu ya riga ya kai cm 18. Yawan haɓakar mackerel ya dogara da shekarunsa: ƙaramin mutum, da sauri yake girma. Wannan yana faruwa har sai tsawon jiki ya kusan zuwa 30 cm, bayan haka girma yana raguwa sosai, amma baya tsayawa gaba ɗaya.
Mackerel ya haihu a tsawon rayuwarsa, yawanci yawanci shekarun 18-20 ne, amma a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma idan babu barazanar wasu ɓarna, wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Musirƙirar ƙwayar mackerel ta ba shi damar zuwa saurin sauri: a lokacin jefawa, bayan daƙiƙa 2, kifin yana motsawa zuwa ƙasa cikin saurin har zuwa 80 km / h, a kan - har zuwa 50 km / h. A lokaci guda, motar tsere ta zamani ta hanzarta zuwa 100 km / h, ɗaukar 4-5 seconds.
Amma mackerel ta fi son yin ƙaura a cikin nutsuwa cikin hanzari har zuwa kilomita 30 / h, wannan yana ba ku damar matsar da nesa kuma ku kula da samuwar makaranta. Mackerel na ɗaya daga cikin inhabitantsan tsirarun mazaunan ruwa da ke shigar da wasu kifaye cikin makarantunsu, galibi herring ko sardines suna shiga makarantun ƙaura.
Kama mackerel
Mafi yawan nau'ikan mackerel shine Jafananci, ana kama kifayen tan 65 kowace shekara, yayin da yawanta ke kasancewa a matakin yau da kullun saboda yawan haihuwa. Rayuwar mara daɗi ta mackerel tana ba da damar kama tan 2-3 na kifi a cikin nutse ɗaya, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗayan shahararrun nau'in kasuwanci.
Bayan kamawa, ana girbe mackerel ta hanyoyi daban-daban: daskarewa, shan sigari ko gishiri. Mackerel nama yana da dandano mai laushi da tarin abubuwa masu amfani.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokuta daban-daban na shekara yawan kitsen da ke cikin kifi ya banbanta: a lokacin bazara daidaitaccen giram 18-20 ne, a lokacin hunturu adadi ya tashi zuwa gram 30, wanda ya ba da damar la'akari da wannan nau'in mai. A lokaci guda, sinadarin kalori na mackerel 200 kcal ne kacal, kuma ya fi saurin naman sa sau 2, ba kasa da na baya ba dangane da abubuwan gina jiki.
Sun koyi kiwon kifaye iri-iri masu mahimmanci a cikin yanayin wucin gadi: a Japan, an ƙirƙiri kamfanonin kasuwanci waɗanda ke tsunduma a cikin noman da kuma girbe mackerel mai zuwa. Koyaya, mackerel da aka haifa yawanci ba ta da nauyi fiye da gram 250-300, wanda hakan ke shafar fa'idodin kasuwanci na masu mallakar kasuwanci.
Kama mackerel galibi ba shi da wahala: yana da mahimmanci kawai a zaɓi abin da za ku iya tunkuɗarwa don kowane mazaunin, yawancin lokuta ana amfani da nau'ikan seines daban-daban. Bugu da kari, kwararrun mafarautan kifi kuma suna nazarin zurfin da mackerel ke rayuwa, wannan ya zama dole don kamun mai kyau, saboda mackerel, ya danganta da yanayin zafin ruwa, nisan gabar teku da kuma kusancin sauran rayuwar ruwa, na iya kasancewa a saman ruwa ko zuwa zurfin 200 m.
Magoya bayan wasan kamun kifi na wasa da mackerel saboda yiwuwar wasan caca - duk da wadatar zuci da alamun sauƙin kamawa, kifin yana samun saurin gudu cikin ruwa kuma yana iya katse ƙugiyar a cikin inan daƙiƙa kaɗan.
A lokaci guda, ba zai yiwu a zauna a bakin gabar teku ba - mackerel ba ya zuwa kusa da ƙasa, don haka jirgin ruwa zai zo da hannu don kama shi. Kamun kifin mackerel daga jirgin ruwa ya zama babban nishaɗi na musamman - mafi nisa daga bakin teku, yawancin kifi.
Gogaggen masunta sun gwammace kama mackerel da azzalumi - wannan sunan na'urar da ke ƙunshe da dogon layi tare da ƙugiyoyi da yawa waɗanda ba sa buƙatar kowane irin koto. Ana amfani da Mackerel tare da abubuwa masu haske iri daban-daban - yana iya zama takarda mai ƙyalli ko kifin filastik na musamman, wanda za'a iya siye shi a shagon kamun kifi.
Game da mackerel caviar, to da kyar zaka same shi a cikin daskararre ko kyafaffen kifi, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa kamun kifi a cikin filayen samar da mahaifa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ba a yi shi. Wannan yana ba ka damar kiyaye yawan kifin, saboda yana da lokacin da za a yi ƙwai kafin a kama ka cikin raga.
Koyaya, mackerel caviar wani abinci ne mai ban sha'awa ga mutanen Asiya ta Gabas waɗanda suka fi son yin taliya da shi. A kasuwar Rasha, zaku iya samun caviar mackerel mai gishiri, wanda aka saka cikin gwangwani, ana iya cinsa, amma yana da daidaiton ruwa da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci.
Farashi
Ana sayar da Mackerel a farashi mai sauki idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran nau'ikan kifi. Farashi yayi la’akari da sifar da ake kawo kifin (daskararre, mai gishiri, shan sigari ko kuma a sigar abincin gwangwani), girmanta da ƙimar abincinsa - mafi girman kifi da ƙiba, mafi tsada shine farashin kilogram na kayan marmari.
Matsakaicin farashin sayar da kayan makala a Rasha shine:
- daskarewa - 90-150 r / kg;
- kyafaffen - 260 - 300 r / kg;
- abincin gwangwani - 80-120 rubles / fakitin.
Kifin da aka kama a wajen ƙasarmu ya fi na kifin cikin gida tsada sosai: misali, ana iya siyan mackerel na Chile a farashin 200 r / kg, Jafananci - daga 180, Sinawa, saboda ƙaramarta, yana da mafi ƙanƙan farashin nau'ikan shigo da kaya - daga 150 r / kilogiram
Babban darajar abinci mai gina jiki da abun cikin bitamin da microelements, musamman maƙasudin mai mai ƙumshi Omega-3, ya sanya mackerel ɗaya daga cikin manyan kifin kasuwanci. Wurin zama da raguwar mutane yana ba ka damar kama mackerel a kusan kowane ruwa, da teku da kuma teku.
An shirya nama mai taushi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, amma kifin da aka yi hayaki ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na musamman, wanda, tare da yawan mai mai, yana da ƙarancin kalori kuma ba ya cutar da adadi.
Mutane daban-daban suna shirya jita-jita iri ɗaya daga mackerel, alal misali, mazaunan Gabas ta Tsakiya sun fi son mackerel stroganin, kuma a cikin ƙasashen Asiya, ana yin pastas da pates daga gare ta, waɗanda ake ɗauka mai daɗi.
