Yana da wahala ka samu mutum a doron kasa bai san wata tattabara ba. Tsuntsun ya shahara sosai har da alama ya dade kamar yadda mutum yake. Hoton tsuntsun yana adana a cikin dala na Masar. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa shekaru 10,000 da suka wuce tsuntsun kurciya mutane sun riga sun huce shi - sha'awar mutum a ciki ta bayyana a yau.
Bayani da fasali
Tsuntsayen suna da banbamci sosai cewa zaɓuɓɓuka masu girma da launi sun bambanta sosai. Ana iya kiran tattabarai masu kambi a ƙattai a cikin dangi. Nauyin mutum ɗaya shi ne kilogiram 3, tsayin jikinsa ya kai 75 cm.
Idan aka kwatantasu da su, ainihin gutsurar tsuntsayen kunkuru masu lu'u-lu'u, masu nauyin 30 ne kawai, tsayi kuma tsayi tsawon 20. Yawancin tattabaru birni, abokan da aka saba dasu, suna da tsawon 35-40 cm, masu nauyin 300-400 g.
Launi ya canza dangane da mazaunin tsuntsu - tattabarai na iya zama launi daya (farare, ruwan toka, cream, hoda, rawaya, da dai sauransu), iri daban-daban, tare da tsari. Lilin yana da yawa koyaushe, mai yawa, akwai jinsuna tare da gashin tsuntsaye masu laushi, balaga maras kyau - tarin fuka-fukai a kan tafin hannu ko a kai.
Akwai kamanni na waje na wasu nau'ikan tare da pheasants, parrots, turkeys, kodayake masanan koyaushe suna gane tattabara ta halaye masu ƙayatarwa. Pigeons na nau'ikan daban sun haɗu da jiki mai tsayi, ƙaramin kai, fukafukai masu faɗi masu kaifin baki, gajerun kafafu da doguwar jela.
Legsafafun yatsun kafa huɗu suna dacewa sosai don motsi a ƙasa. Beak din sa galibi gajere ne, mai fadi a gindi. Ba a bayyana dimorphism ta jima'i a cikin bayyanar tsuntsaye ba, amma mazan sun fi mata girma kaɗan.
Kurciya - tsuntsu mai karfi. Mutum ya daɗe yana lura da ikon tsuntsayen da ke iya rufe nesa, har zuwa kilomita 300, da haɓaka saurin gudu - har zuwa 140 km / h. Ko da tattabaru birni na gari suna gudu cikin sauri har zuwa 80 km / h.
A da, ana kiwon tsuntsaye ne don cin nama, amma daga baya sai aka fara yin kiwo a matsayin jinsin ado, wadanda ake amfani da su don wasanni. Tsuntsayen ba sa cikin ƙaura, amma rana ce da ƙamshi, ƙamshi, filin maganaɗisu, suna samun wurarensu na asali nesa da kusan kilomita 1000, suna hawa zuwa tsayi har zuwa kilomita 3.
Toarfin jin infrasound, tare da mita har zuwa 10 Hz, yana ba da damar jin kusantar hadari, mahaukaciyar guguwa, girgizar ƙasa. Tsuntsaye suna rarrabe tsakanin wasu tabarau da ke akwai ga idanun mutum, hangen nesa ya dace da haskoki na rana.
A zamanin da, ana danganta tattabaru zuwa ga asalin Allah, saboda sifar jikin mutum - rashin gallbladder. Anyi kuskuren yarda cewa tsuntsu bashi da bile kwata-kwata, wanda ke nufin haushi (ana ɓoye shi kai tsaye a cikin hanyar narkewa).
Ta daraja tsuntsaye a matsayin alamomin kyau, soyayya, tsarkakakku. A tarihi, a cikin fahimtar al'ummomin duniya Kurciya tsuntsu ne na zaman lafiya, kawo alheri da haske ga mutane.
Irin
A cikin nau'rorin tattabarai, al'ada ce don rarrabe nau'ikan:
- wasanni (akwatin gidan waya);
- tsere (jirgin sama);
- na ado;
- nama.
Rabon yana da sharaɗi, tunda nau'in guda ɗaya na iya zama ado da wasanni. Abilityarfin canzawar tsuntsayen komawa gidajansu ya koma wasikun tattabarai. Romawa na dā, Helenawa sun ɗauki tsuntsaye a matsayin amintattun masu aiko da wasiƙa.
A lokacin Tsakiyar Zamani, isar da wasiƙa ta tattabarai shine mafi sauri. Ko a karni na 20, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, har yanzu suna amfani da wannan hanyar aika wasiku. A hankali, buƙatar amfani da hidimomin tsuntsaye ya zama tarihi. An gudanar da gasa ta wasanni tare da tattabarai.
Tattabara tattabarai sun bambanta a tsarin fasalin jirgin. Wasu suna iya tsayawa a cikin iska har tsawon awanni 15, suna hawa sama da yadda ba zai yiwu a gansu daga ƙasa ba. Sauran (tsere, fada) - suna tashi sama da manyan abubuwa tare da yakin fuka-fuki. Tattabara tattabarai suna ƙirƙirar injiniyoyi a cikin iska ta hanyar juyawa kewaye da su.
Yawancin tsuntsaye da yawa an haife su da tasiri daban-daban. Kowane samfurin misali, na ado kurciya a hoto amazes tare da siffar jiki, launi na plumage, fasali na gashin tsuntsu.
A cikin Amurka, Yammacin Turai, ana buƙatar nau'ikan nau'in keɓaɓɓu a cikin girki. Naman tattabara abinci ne mai kyau wanda ake shirya abinci mai gina jiki. Ana yaba jita-jita musamman a Faransa. Mashahuran dabbobi:
Nikolaev tattabara. Bred a cikin garin Nikolaev. Girman yana matsakaici. Launi ya bambanta - shuɗi, fari, rawaya. Wani fasali na musamman shine jirgin kama da lark.
Vyakhir (vituten). Kurciya launin toka-toka tare da ratsi-faran fari a fuka-fuki, kan wutsiya. Suna bayyane musamman a cikin tashiwar tsuntsun daji. Girman yana da girma - har zuwa 40 cm a tsayi, yawan ya kai 800 g. Ba kamar dangi na birni ba, aladu na itace mazaunin da ba zai iya rabuwa ba.
Gidan waya na Belgium Tsuntsayen wasanni tare da saurin gudu. Cigaban kirji sananne ne. Lilin mai laushi yafi yawan launin toka-shuɗi a launi, amma wasu zaɓuɓɓuka suna yiwuwa.
Turancin Ingilishi. Nau'in wasanni, wanda bambancinsa ya bayyana a gaban gaban fata na fata a kusa da idanu, a gindin baki. Kyakkyawan siffar jiki - dogon wuya, kafafu. Launi ya bambanta, galibi monochromatic - fari, ja, baƙi, shuɗi.
Berlin na dogon lokaci. Nau'in yana da kamannin da ba a saba gani ba saboda dogayen ƙafafunsa, kan ɗan tattabaru tare da dogon baki. Akwai launi mai ban dariya na tsuntsu mai duhu tare da fukafukai farare, wanda ke tuna da kayan masarufi. Yayin jirgin, yana bugun fikafikansa - nau'in fada.
Baƙon Bajamushe. Sunan ya fito ne daga tarin fuka-fukai a bayan kan tattabarar, wanda yayi kama da kaho - wani nauin kayan tufafin na sufaye. Jirgin yana da ƙasa. Tsuntsu yana tashi sama duk lokacin da ya ga baƙo.
Dawisu. Kyakkyawan wutsiya ita ce babbar kadarar tsuntsu. Farar kurciya yi wa bikin aure ado, abubuwa na musamman tare da kasantuwarsu.
Curly. Fuka-fukai masu lanƙwasa suna haifar da haske mai haske ga tsuntsu, wanda ba shi da bambanci sosai da fasali daga yanayin tattabarar filin. Wavy plumage yana ado hatta da ƙafafun mutum mai ado. Launi ya bambanta - monochromatic kuma an hange shi da tabarau da yawa.
Saxon firist. Tsuntsun yana da kafafu masu kyau tare da dogon gashinsa. Ofungiyar fuka-fukai suna ƙawata farin goshin, launin duhu iri ɗaya yana a bayan kai. Launi daban ne, amma gaban goshi koyaushe fari ne.
Tumbler mai biyan kuɗi na Berlin. Girman tsuntsayen ba zai hana su girma ba. An bayyana keɓaɓɓiyar nau'in a cikin saukar da fikafikan da ke rataye a ƙasa da wutsiya. Tufan fuka-fukai a kan tafinsu. Lilin-baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi ya fi gama gari, kodayake ana iya bambanta kayanta.
Marchenero. Kurciyar asalin Italia. Mai puffer tare da goiter mai ci gaba kamar yana zamewa ta cikin iska. Launi ya bambanta.
Nicobar ko manga tattabara... An dauke shi mafi kyawun tattabara. Ke cikin haɗari kamar tsuntsu mai ban mamaki.
Kurciya mai kama da tagulla
Mafi yawan irin sa shine 'ya'yan itacen tattabarai.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Kurciya suna ko'ina. Babu tsuntsaye kawai a Pole ta Kudu. Babban matakin karbuwa ya basu damar zama a cikin dazuzzuka da yawa, hamada, da mahalli birane. Kurciya ta daji yana faruwa a tsaunuka har zuwa mita 5000. Bambancin nau'ikan nau'ikan yana haɗuwa da yankuna daban-daban, wuraren zama. Fiye da rabin jinsunan tattabarai sune abubuwan tsibirin Kudancin Amurka da Ostiraliya.
Dutse dutse ya zama tsuntsun birni na gama gari a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya, haɗe da ƙasarmu. Babu wani mutum wanda ba zai sadu da wata cisar ba a wurin shakatawa, a kan hanyar daji, a farfajiyar gidan zama. Ban da shi, a cikin daji, za ku iya samun kurciyar katako, ta ɗan ƙaramin kunkuru, da klintukha.
Wuraren da mutum yake zaune a matsayin tushen abinci koyaushe yana jan hankalin tsuntsaye, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga gidan su, gidan su, da kiwo na sabbin kiwo.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, tattabara tana da makiya da yawa. Manyan fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai (falcon, kite, marsh harrier) suna kama tattabarai a sama. A duniya, tsuntsaye suna daɗaɗin ganimar martens, kuliyoyin daji, kuliyoyi.
A cikin hoton ɗan tantanin tattabara ne
Kurciya da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin birane suna dacewa sosai da motsi a ƙasa, inda koyaushe akwai abin da za su ci riba da shi. Ba za su iya sauka a kan rassa ba, ba kamar mazaunan daji ba.
Wani nazarin yanayin rayuwar biri ya nuna cewa yanayin birane ba shi da sauki kurciya Wace irin tsuntsaye ce, mai yin hijira ko hunturu, sauƙin ganewa ta masu kiwon tsuntsaye na hunturu. Za a sami tattabara koyaushe wanda, tare da gwarare, za su tashi sama don rabon abincinsu. Suna yin hunturu a inda aka haifesu.
Gina Jiki
Rashin sanin yakamata da yawaitar tattabaru a cikin abinci an bayyana ta rashin ci gaban abubuwan dandano. Tsuntsaye suna da 37 kawai daga cikinsu kan masu karɓar mutane dubu 10,000. Duk abincin da aka samo iri ɗaya ne a gare su. Wannan lamarin yana ba da gudummawa ga nasarar daidaitawar su zuwa yanayi daban-daban. Ikon neman abinci yana taimakawa rayuwa a cikin wani yanayi mara kyau.
Abincin ya dogara ne akan abincin tsirrai - tsaba, 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi. Kaji na haɗiye ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan wholea wholean duka, daga baya ƙasusuwa. An tsinci tsaba daga tsire-tsire ko aka tsince su daga ƙasa. Kurciya suna tashi zuwa gonakin alkama, amfanin masara. Spikelets masu gashin tsuntsu ba za su iya ɗiba ba, amma hatsi da suka faɗi ya zama musu abin kulawa.
Tsuntsayen birni suna samun abinci a cikin shara, tsakanin sharar abinci. Mutane da yawa suna ciyar da tsuntsayensu, musamman a lokacin sanyi. Kurciya da sauri suna amfani da su don magancewa, duba cikin windows suna jiran abinci, tashi zuwa wuraren da kwanan nan suka karɓi abun kulawa.
Tsuntsaye suna buƙatar ruwa, suna zana ruwa kamar dai ta cikin tattaka. Wannan ya banbanta tantabaru daga yawancin tsuntsayen, wadanda suke kamuwa da digo a cikin bakinsu kuma su jefa kawunansu a baya don malale ruwa a makogwaron. Don neman wuraren tafki, tsuntsaye suna yin tafiya mai nisa.
Wani lokaci tattabarai sukanyi tsutsa a tsutsotsi, kananan kwari. Baya ga amfanin gona na hatsi, tsuntsaye masu laushi ana ciyar da su burodi, hatsi, da ganyaye. Don inganta narkewa, ƙara murƙusassun bawo ƙwai, ƙananan duwatsu. Kyakkyawan abin da ake so ga tsuntsaye shine peas na rawaya, ɗanyen sunflower tsaba, da kuma ɗanyun goro.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Nau'in tattabarai an ƙirƙira su sau ɗaya a tsawon rayuwa. Lokacin zawarci yana bayyana ne ta hanyar kurwar tsuntsaye na musamman, bude wutsiya, yana kewaya mata. Ma'auratan da aka kafa sun tsabtace fuka-fukan juna, suna zuwa bakinsu, kamar a sumba.
Ba a ɗaure lokacin kiwo da takamaiman lokacin ba. Gidan tsuntsaye an shirya shi a kebantaccen wuri. Duk tantabaru suna aikin gini. A lokacin shekara akwai kusan kama 8, kowane ɗayan yana da ƙwai ɗaya ko fiye da launin toka mai toka da duhu. Mace galibi tana cikin ɗaukar hoto har zuwa kwanaki 19, amma wani lokacin namiji yakan maye gurbin ta.
Kajin da aka kyan gani makafi ne, marasa taimako, an rufe su da laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Iyaye suna ciyar da zuriyar da gamsai, bel daga goiter, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci suna kawo tsaba. A cikin wata daya, dabbobin samari suna kama da manyan tsuntsaye.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, rayuwar tattabaru da wuya ya wuce shekaru 5. Mutanen da ke cikin gida sun daɗe sosai cikin aminci da kulawa mai kyau - har zuwa shekaru 20. An yi rikodin mutane na tsawon rai, suna bikin cika shekaru 30 da kafuwa.
Kiwon tattabarai
Tsuntsu mai kama da kurciya tare da sifofi na ado, koyaushe yana jan hankalin masoyan tsuntsaye tare da abubuwan da basu dace ba, bayyanuwar asali. Amma suna tsunduma cikin kiwo na kyawawan dabbobi ba kawai don shiga cikin nune-nunen ba, har ma don horo, dalilan kasuwanci.
A cikin shirya dovecotes, rashin dampness yana da mahimmanci, ana buƙatar haske mai kyau da tsabta. Babban zafi, bakin ruwa sune musabbabin cututtukan tsuntsaye. Wuraren da suka dace su ne ɗakuna ko gine-ginen da aka keɓe da ƙofar da ke fuskantar kudu.
Perches, ɗakuna a kan ganuwar, nests na katako sun zama dole don jin daɗin tsuntsaye. Ana yin lissafin yankin la'akari da bukatun wasu tattabarai a cikin murabba'in mita 1 na aviary. Ya kamata a sami akwatunan gida da yawa fiye da waɗanda aka nufa don tsuntsaye su zaɓi 'yanci daidai.
Mafi kyawun shekaru don kiwon tattabaru shine shekaru uku zuwa shida. Samari da tsoffin tsuntsaye ba a shirye suke su haihu da offspringa offspringa masu lafiya ba. An ba da shawarar siyan takaddun tattabarai. Mutane kaɗaita za su iya zama ƙiyayya, faɗa.
Fresh abinci, kwano mai sha tare da ruwa mai tsabta, tsabtace lokaci-lokaci sune ainihin bukatun tsuntsaye. Adana bayanan kurciya abun nishaɗi ne. Tsuntsaye sun saba da mutane, suna nuna kulawa da su. Sadarwa tare da su tana tayar da kirki, jin daɗin gaske ga tsuntsaye masu ban mamaki, abokan har abada na mutum.
