Goby - wannan sunan ya hada dukkan dangin kifi mai kyan gani. Ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in 2000. Wadannan kifayen suna rayuwarsu a cikin ruwan gabar teku. Suna ciyarwa suna kiwo kusa da ƙasan.
Ofaya daga cikin fishan kifaye waɗanda aka gina wajan tarihi. A cikin Ukraine, a cikin garin Berdyansk, a kan dandalin Primorskaya, akwai wani sassaka "The Bread-goby". Yana tunatar da mu cewa a cikin mawuyacin lokaci wannan kifin ya ba mutane damar rayuwa. A cikin Rasha, a cikin garin Yeisk, a kan titin Mira, akwai wani mutum-mutumi wanda aka rubuta cewa bijimi shi ne Sarkin Tekun Azov.
Bayani da fasali
Babban fasalin halittar jiki wanda ke haɗa gobies shine tsotsa. Ya kasance akan ɓangaren jikin mutum. An ƙirƙira shi a sakamakon haɗakar ƙashin ƙugu. Yayi aiki don manne kifi zuwa duwatsu, murjani, tushen ƙasa. Yana kiyaye kifi a wurin ajiyar motoci koda tare da mahimmin yanayi.
Gobies ƙananan kifi ne. Amma akwai kyawawan nau'ikan nau'ikan. Babban sa-knut yayi girma har zuwa cm 30-35. Wasu masu riƙe da rikodi sun kai mita 0.5. Mafi ƙarancin nau'in shine dwarf goby Trimmatom nanus. Ana iya ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi ƙanƙan kifi a duniya. Bai wuce 1 cm ba.
Wannan goby yana zaune a yammacin Pacific da kuma cikin raƙuman ruwa na Tekun Indiya. A zurfin mita 5 zuwa 30. Har zuwa 2004, ana ɗaukarsa ƙaramar dabbar vertebrate. Abubuwan da masana kimiyyar halitta suka gano kwanan nan sun tura shi zuwa matsayi na uku.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na goby shine cewa ana iya sake haihuwar mace cikin namiji
A matsayi na biyu shine murjiyar kifin Schindleria brevipinguis. 7.9 mm dogon irin kifi, endemic zuwa Indonesia, ikirarin ya zama na farko a kan wannan jerin. Sunansa Paedocypris progenetica.
Duk da bambance-bambancen girman, gwargwadon adadin gobies iri ɗaya ne. Kan kifin babba ne, an dan daidaita shi sama da kasa. Bakin bakin mai kauri yana kan fadin fadin kan gaba, wanda sama da shi akwai manyan idanu. Rabin farko na jiki mai dunƙulen ne. Bangaren ciki ya dan lankwashe.
Kifi yana da fika-fikai biyu (dorsal). Haskoki na farko suna da wuya, na biyu masu laushi ne. Fitsarin fure yana da ƙarfi. Waɗanda ke ciki (ciki) suna yin tsotsa. Finfin finafinai ɗaya ne. Wutsiya ta ƙare tare da fin din zagaye ba tare da lobes ba.
Gwargwadon yanayin aikin da jikin mutum bai bayar da cikakken bayani game da yadda ba yadda kifin goby yake. Bambanci tsakanin jinsin mutum a cikin launi na iya zama mai mahimmanci. Ta yadda da wuya a yarda cewa kifin na cikin iyali daya. Wannan gaskiya ne ga nau'ikan wurare masu zafi.
Irin
Dukkan nau'ikan kifayen suna cikin kundin kifi na Duniya. Buga na biyar an buga shi a cikin 2016, edita Joseph S. Nelson. Halin tsarin cikin gidan goby ya canza sosai. Daga cikin dukkanin nau'ikan nau'ikan, gobies da ke zaune a yankin Ponto-Caspian ana iya rarrabe su. Wasu daga cikinsu nau'ikan kasuwanci ne.
- Zagaye goby.
Goby matsakaici ne a cikin girma. Maza har zuwa 15 cm, mata har zuwa cm 20. Daya daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan a cikin Tekun Azov dangane da kamun kifin kasuwanci. Maza sau da yawa suna mutuwa bayan haihuwarsu ta farko, yana da shekaru biyu. Mata na iya haihuwar sau da yawa kuma suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru biyar.
Yana jure wa ruwa mai kyau da ruwa mai kyau, saboda haka ba kawai a cikin Tekun Baƙi, Azov da Caspian ake samunsa ba. Zai iya tashi tare da kogunan da suke guduwa zuwa cikinsu har zuwa yankunan tsakiyar Rasha. A wannan yanayin, yana nuna kanta kamar kogin goby.
- Sand goby.
Tsawon da aka saba da wannan kifin yana da cm 12. Mafi yawan samfurin ya kai cm 20. Kamar yadda zagaye katako ya saba da ruwa mai daɗi. Daga Bahar Maliya ya bazu tare da kogunan Ukraine, Belarus da Rasha. A cikin tafkunan ruwa mai kyau, ana samun kifi a lokaci guda rotan da goby... Suna yawan rikicewa saboda yanayin jikinsu iri daya. Amma kifi dangi ne na nesa, sun fito ne daga iyalai daban-daban.
- Shirman goby.
Yana zaune a cikin mashigar Bahar Maliya, a cikin Dniester, ƙananan ƙasan Danube, a Tekun Azov. Ya haifar da ɗa, kamar sauran gobies, a cikin bazara. Mace tana yin ƙwai da yawa. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar makonni biyu. Hatched soya har zuwa 7 mm tsawo. Bayan haihuwa, suna faɗuwa zuwa ƙasa. Bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki, sai su fara gudanar da rayuwar su ta mai farauta. Suna cinye dukkan abubuwa masu rai, daidai gwargwado. Mafi yawa plankton. Jinsi masu alaƙa, alal misali, zagaye gobies, ana cin su.
- Martovik goby.
Mazaunin Azov da Bahar Maliya. Yana canza ruwa mai yawan ruwan gishiri, gami da ruwan sabo. Ya shiga cikin koguna. Babban kifi. Har zuwa 35 cm a tsayi kuma har zuwa 600 g a cikin nauyi. Maƙaryaci Dabi’u sun dace: duk wata halitta mai rai da aka samu a ƙasa ana amfani da ita don abinci. A watan Maris, masunta masu son ruwa a Tekun Azov sun saba da wannan nau'in fiye da sauran gobies. Saboda haka sunan - martovik.
Tare da nau'ikan kasuwanci, gobies suna da ban sha'awa - mazaunan teku, aquariums reef. Sanannun sanannun marubutan ruwa Valenciennea. shi tekun goby valenciennes. An kira shi bayan shahararren masanin ilmin dabbobi na Faransa Achille Valencienne, wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 19. Yana da cikakkiyar jinsi. Ya haɗa da nau'in 20. Mafi shahararrun su hudu ne.
- Goby mai zinare.
- Red-tabo goby.
- Lu'u-lu'u goby.
- Goby mai layi biyu.
Waɗannan kifayen suna ci gaba da tono ƙasa. Ana kiransu "bijimin bijimai" Suna da dabarun abinci mai sauƙi. Gobies suna riƙe ƙasa da bakinsu. Tare da taimakon faranti masu jujjuyawar gefen da ke cikin bakin, ana narkar da sashin ƙasa. Ana yashi, tsakuwa, tarkace ana fitar dasu ta gill. Duk abin da ke da alamar darajar abinci mai gina jiki an ci shi. Baya ga yanayin aiki, masanan ruwa suna jin daɗin kyan gani a cikin gobies.
Rainford goby ko Amblygobius rainfordi yana da ban sha'awa musamman. Wannan karamin kyau kifi, goby a cikin hoton tasiri sosai. Ya ci gaba da sayarwa kawai a cikin 1990. Tare da karuwar shaharar ruwa na akwatin kifaye. A dabi'a, ba ya taruwa cikin rukuni ko garken tumaki, ya fi son kadaici. A cikin akwatin kifaye, ƙila bazai dace da wasu kamar su ba.
Abu mafi ban mamaki game da draby goby shine sunan. Me yasa Stonogobiops dracula, mazaunin Seychelles da Maldives, ya sami wannan sunan yana da wuyar faɗi. Smallaramin sihiri kifi mai raɗaɗi yana zaune tare a cikin kabarin guda tare da jatan lande. Wataƙila, bayyanar goby da jatan goro daga burrow ɗin ya yi tasiri ga mai gano ta.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ana samun Gobies a duk duniya. Sun fi son wurare masu zafi da yanki mai sanyin yanayi. Sun saba da gishiri, dan gishiri da ruwa mai kyau.Freshwater goby yana zaune a cikin koguna, tafkunan kogo. gandun daji na mangrove, a ƙasan yankin da ke gabar teku. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan koguna, inda ruwa ke da gishirin da ke canzawa. 35% na yawan gobies mazaunan coral reefs ne.
Akwai nau'ikan kifayen da suka tsara rayuwarsu ta ban mamaki. Waɗannan sune gobies na jatan lande. Sun shiga cikin maganganu tare da sauran rayuwar ruwa. Amfana daga rayuwa tare da goro na goro, wanda kuma bai tsaya kan mai asara ba.
Tana gina rami inda zata iya ɓoye kanta kuma tana da isasshen ɗaki don ɗaukar bijimai ɗaya ko biyu. Goby, ta amfani da kyakkyawan gani, yayi gargaɗi game da haɗarin haɗari. Wannan, bi da bi, yana kula da gidan gama gari cikin yanayi mai kyau. Gobies ba wai kawai suna rayuwa a cikin kabarin da kansu ba, har ma suna yin kiwo a ciki.
Wani misalin Symbiosis shine hanyar rayuwar neon gobies. Suna aiki azaman tsari: suna tsabtace jiki, kwazazzabo da bakin manyan, gami da kifaye masu farauta. Gidan gidan nebi gobies yana juyawa zuwa tashar cire kayan cuta. Dokar cewa babban kifi mai cin nama ya ci ƙarami ba ya aiki a yankin tsafta.
Gina Jiki
Gobies mutane ne masu cin nama a cikin teku da koguna. Suna karɓar yawancin kuɗin abincinsu ta hanyar bincika teku ko ƙasan kogi. A cikin ruwan kusa da ƙasa, an cika su da zooplankton. Abincin ya hada da larvae na kowane kifi da kwari, kayan kwalliya irin su amphipods, gastropods.
Tare da alamar sannu kifin goby cikin nasara kan kananan dangi. Bugu da kari, tana cin kwai da soyayyen sauran kifin. Amma sha'awar gobies ba ya haifar da raguwar adadin kifin da ke kusa da su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Yanayi nau'ikan kifin goby kar a bi tsananin yanayi lokacin kiwo. A cikin yankuna masu yanayi mai kyau, komai ya tabbata. Lokacin dindindin yana farawa a lokacin bazara kuma zai iya faɗaɗawa tsawon bazara.
Namiji ya shirya masauki. Zai iya zama burrow, kwatami da aka share tarkace, rata tsakanin duwatsu. Ganuwar da rufin gida ya kamata su zama santsi. Namiji ne ke da alhakin wannan. Bayan aikin shiri, ana yin dabbar ta hanyar jima'i. Kafin haihuwa, mace ta zauna a cikin gida: tana barin shi kuma ta sake sauka.
Spawning yana faruwa a rana. Iyaye da kyau, har ma suna manna ƙwai waɗanda suka bayyana a bangon da rufin masaukin, sannan su bar shi. Namiji ya shiga ciki. Aikinta shine ƙirƙirar zagawar ruwa tare da fincinsa, don haka samar da ƙwai da oxygen. Bugu da kari, yana kare gobies na gaba.
Ana buƙatar aƙalla mako guda don yin girkin caviar. Soya da ta bayyana fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Planasan katako ya zama abincin su, kuma algae, duwatsu, murjani ya zama kariya gare su.
Bullan bijimai, idan sun yi nasara, shekarunsu biyu da haihuwa na iya haifar da offspringa offspringan su. Tsawon rayuwar waɗannan kifayen daga shekaru 2 zuwa 5. Ga wasu nau'ikan halittu, musamman ma maza, akwai dama daya tilo da za ta haifar da zuriya. Bayan tashin farko, sun mutu.
Masana kimiyya sun nuna iyawa mai ban mamaki a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan goby masu zafi. Zasu iya canza jinsi. Irin wannan yanayi na halayyar halayya ce ta nau'in Сoryphopterus personatus. Mata na iya sake haifuwa cikin maza. Akwai tsammani game da yiwuwar canzawar maza zuwa mata. Gobies na jinsi Paragobiodon ana zargin su da wannan.
Farashi
Bijimin yana sayarwa a cikin mahimman abubuwa biyu. Na farko, kayan abinci ne. Azov goby kifi, sanyaya, daskararre an kiyasta kimanin 160-200 rubles a kowace kilogram. Goby na almara a cikin tumatir yana cin kuɗi 50-60 kawai a cikin kowane gwangwani.
Abu na biyu, ana sayar da gobies don adana su a cikin akwatinan ruwa. Farashin waɗannan mazaunan wurare masu zafi ya bambanta. Daga 300 zuwa 3000 rubce apiece. Amma a lokaci guda tare da kifin, yana da daraja adana kayan abinci a gare su.
Kama wani sa
Kadan daga cikin jinsunan wadannan kifayen sune kayan kasuwanci. Amma yawan goby kai tsaye yana tasiri sakamakon kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Goby — kifi, waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin abincin sauran rayuwar ruwan teku: cod, bass sea, flounder.
Kama gobies ɗayan al'adun gargajiyar Bahar Maliya ne da masunta mai son Azov. Hakanan sananne ne ga masunta da ke zaune a cikin Caspian. Matsalar tana da sauki. Yawancin lokaci wannan sandar ninkaya ce ko donk.
Babban abu shine cewa koto ta faɗi ƙasa a ƙasa. Yankunan naman kifi, tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi na iya zama kamar koto. Cin nasarar kamun kifi, musamman ma a farko, zai yiwu ne kawai bayan tuntuɓar ƙwararren masani.
Ana aiwatar da kamun kifi na kasuwanci ta amfani da raga, raga da raga. Irin wannan nau'ikan ƙugiya irin na Peremet sananne ne don kama mai cin nama, kifin benthic. Ofarar da masana'antar goby a Rasha ba ta da mahimmanci, ba a haɗa ta cikin alamun ƙididdiga na Hukumar Tarayyar Tarayya ta Kamun Kifi.
Nau'in yanayin zafi ya shiga cikin kasuwancin kamun kifi ta wata hanya daban: sun zama na yau da kullun a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida. Ya shahara sosai cewa an kama su, sun girma kuma an siyar dasu kasuwanci.
