Ji - ƙananan kifi na makaranta, wakilin aji mai ƙoshin lafiya, dangi mai narkewa. Ana samun sa a cikin ruwan teku mai sanyi na Tekun Duniya, a cikin koguna, tabkuna, da kuma raƙuman ruwa na Arewacin Hemisphere.
Hutun an sadaukar dashi don narkewa. Ana faruwa a watan Mayu a cikin St.Petersburg kuma yana nuna ƙaunar mutanen birni don wannan kifin azurfa. Abin shakatawa, kokwamba mai wari mai kamshi yana dacewa da rana Mayu kuma yana tabbatar da zuwan bazara na ƙarshe.
Gishiri yana son ba kawai mazaunan Rasha ba. A Koriya ta Kudu, a cikin lardin Gangwon, akwai hutu da ke hade da farkon farawa. A kasar Finland, mazauna yankin Kainuu sun yi irin wannan bikin a tsakiyar watan Mayu. A farkon watan Mayu, a cikin garin Lewiston, New York, yawancin mutane suna ba da hutu biyu ga halaye na gastronomic na ƙanshi.
Bayani da fasali
Gishiri shine siririn, kifin silvery. Mafi yawan balagaggun, samfuran manya sun shimfiɗa zuwa 17-21 cm a tsayi. Akwai zakarun da suka girma har zuwa 30 cm kuma suka kai nauyin 300 g. Wannan ya tabbata ta bakin mai haƙori mai haƙori.
Yawancin rayuwa ana kiyaye su a cikin yankuna masu laushi kusa da wuraren da koguna ke gudana cikin teku. Yana ciyarwa sosai a lokacin rani da kaka. Zuwa lokacin sanyi, tsananin zhora yana raguwa. Kifi ya ja har zuwa bakin koguna.
Ilimin jima'i a cikin narkewa kusan ba a furta shi. Kawai capelin, kifin da aka haɗa a cikin dangin mai narkewa, yana nuna alamun jima'i a sarari. Mazajen Capelin sun fi mata girma fiye da 10%, wanda ba haka bane don narkewa. Sun fi samun ci gaba sosai. A gefen akwai raƙuman sikeli na sikeli.
Irin
A cikin wallafe-wallafen, akwai ra'ayi biyu game da matsayin tsarin cewa narke. Wane dangin kifi yana wakiltar ba koyaushe aka bayyana shi a sarari ba. Za'a iya yin watsi da bayanin da ya wuce game da salmonids. Eltanshi yana daga cikin gidan da aka kirkira musamman saboda ita: mai narkewa.
Halin halittar narkewa (Latin Osmerus) ya haɗa da nau'ikan 4.
- Osmerus eperlanus aka Bature yaji. Smallaramin kifi da aka samo a cikin Tekun Baltic da Arewacin Tekun. Ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin ƙauyukan cikin Scandinavia, arewa maso yammacin Rasha. Yana jagorantar rufaffiyar rayuwa a cikin tabkuna, an sake haifar dashi cikin nau'in jinsin da aka sani da narkewa.
- Osmerus mordax ko Asiya mai narkewa. Jinsin ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa. Yana zaune a arewacin teku. Ya kusanci gabar Turai da Siberiya sassan Rasha. A gabas, yana motsawa zuwa gabar Tekun Koriya. An samo shi a cikin ruwan tekun Alaska. Yana shiga cikin bakin koguna, zai iya tashi daga sama kuma a tsinkaye shi azaman kogi yaji.
- Osmerus bakan ko dwarf smelt. Itace misalin Arewacin Amurka na smelt. Yana zaune a tabkuna a gabashin Kanada da Amurka, a cikin jihar New England.
- Osmerus dentex ko toothy smelt. Yana zaune a cikin Tekun Fasifik. Ta mallaki tekun Arctic, ruwan tekun Siberia daga Tekun Bering zuwa Farin Tekun. Da suna da yanki suna kama da ƙananan raƙuman Asiya, sunan tsarin shine Osmerus mordax dentex.
Dangin wanda aka gama narkewa shine ƙaramar bakin da aka narke. Masunta galibi suna kiranta a gajarce: ƙarami. Sunan tsarin wannan yanayin shine Hipomesus. Ya hada da nau'i biyar. Biyu daga cikinsu sun yi fice.
- Ruwa mai narkewa karama
- Kogin smallmouth ya narke.
Sunan kifin yana nuna babban banbancin sa da danshi: yana da karamin baki. Babban muƙamuƙin ya ƙare kafin tsakiyar kai. Kashi mai ban mamaki yana da zurfin hutu.
Homelandasar waɗannan kifin ita ce Gabas mai Nisa, wato Kuriles. Smallmouth ya narke cikin bakin ruwan Alaska da Kanada, ana samun shi kudu, a Tekun Kalifoniya. Wani fasali na keɓaɓɓen tekun yana cikin ruwan gishiri. Danginsa kogin, akasin haka, baya barin tafkunan ruwa mai kyau.
Iyalan da suka narke sun haɗa da kifi mai darajar darajar kasuwanci - capelin. An rarraba shi a arewacin ɓangaren Tekun Duniya. Yana da kamannin waje da girma iri ɗaya ga narkewar gama gari. Ya haifar da mahaifa ba tare da shiga koguna ba, kusa da bakin teku. Shaƙa a cikin hoton kuma capelin ba za a iya rarrabewa ba.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Dangane da ayyukan ƙaura narke — kifi fuskoki da yawa. Ma'anar "shingen bincike" yana nufin yawancin nau'ikansa. Kifi yana yin ƙaura shekara-shekara daga tekun zuwa filayen da ke haifar da ruwa: koguna. Wannan canjin yana da mummunan hasara - tsada mai tsada.
Amma kuma yana ba da wasu fa'idodi - 'yanci daga cututtukan da ke mutuwa lokacin da gishirin ruwan ya canza. Mafi mahimmanci, yanayin ruwa mai tsafta ya fi aminci ga caviar da yara. Gishiri yana da nau'ikan da ke zaune a rufe cikin ruwa mai nisa.
Groundsungiyoyin filayen sararin samaniya na iya kasancewa a cikin koguna masu gudana cikin koguna, amma yana iya kasancewa kusa da wuraren ciyarwa. Don haka yana da wuya a ce abin da kifi yake narkewa na: zuwa wuraren bincike ko wuraren zama, na zama. Haka kuma, wasu nau'ikan ana iya danganta su da kifin mai rauni. Sun haifa a cikin wuraren kogin.
A karnin da ya gabata, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, an sake narkewar narkewa a cikin ruwa mai nisa. Yammatan Turai sun narke kuma sun zama an fara su cikin koguna da tabkuna. Gwaje-gwajen sun kasance mafi nasara. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun tsaya.
Babu wata barazana ga wanzuwar narke kamar jinsi. Amma canjin yanayi da yanayin halittu suna haifar da lalacewar kifi. Raguwa a cikin matsakaicin girman narke da masunta suka lura dashi, musamman, a yankin Leningrad.
Gina Jiki
A farkon rayuwarta, abincin, kamar kowane soyayyen kifin mai farauta, ya ƙunshi plankton. Sannan invertebrates, tadpoles, crustaceans suna cikin abinci. Manyan samfuran narkewa na iya kai hari ga yara da manya na wasu jinsunan.
Cin naman mutane baƙon baƙon wannan kifin mai azurfa. Saboda halin cinye caviar, ko'ina, inda aka sami narkewar, akwai barazanar raguwar yawan kifaye. Eltanshi, cin duk ƙananan dabbobi, shine mahimmin mahaɗi a cikin jerin abinci gabaɗaya.
Caviar tasa taimako ne mai gina jiki ba kawai don mazaunan ruwa ba, har ma ga tsuntsaye da kwari. Yaran da ke narkewa a cikin ruwa suna farautar ta masu cin ruwa da na ruwa, gami da narkar da kanta. Babban kifin yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga lafiyar mai gina jiki. Yana ciyarwa a sikelin da yawa: cod, bass teku, dabbobin teku, gami da kifayen kifi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A farkon bazara, yanayin kifin da ke haifar da kifi yana farawa. Hanyoyin ƙaura a cikin ɗumbin mazaunan narkewar sun bambanta sosai. Misali. A kan Yenisei, kifin yayi tafiyar kilomita 1000. Yana ɗaukar watanni 3-4 don narkewa don shawo kan wannan tazarar.
Tare da Lena, kifin yana iyo kilomita 190-200 don ci gaba da zuriya. Dole ne ta yi tafiya iri ɗaya lokacin da take kan Amur. Kifin ya hau kilomita 100 tare da Elbe. Hanyar zuwa filayen samar da ruwa a cikin kogunan Primorye ya bazu kilomita 1-2 ne kawai. Farin Tekun Baƙi bai tashi sama da kilomita 5-10 tare da koguna ba.
Murƙushe, yana kwaikwayon ɗabi'ar ɗan'uwansa. Bisa ga ƙaddara, yakan yi amfani da mafi yawan lokaci a cikin tafkin, kuma ya yi hanzarin ɓuya a cikin koguna da ma rafuka waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa cikin tafkin. Hanyar zuwa wurin samar da wurin don narke gajere ne: an kiyasta shi a ɗaruruwan mita. Wasu lokuta filayen da ke haifar da iskancin suna dacewa da wuraren zama na dindindin, ciyarwa.
Sakawa na iya farawa a + 4 ° C. Yana zuwa lokacin aiki a + 8 ... + 10 ° C. Ruwan zafin ruwa yafi kayyade lokacin yaduwar. A Yammacin Turai, ɓarkewar haihuwa yana farawa a watan Fabrairu-Maris. Canje-canje zuwa wata a Arewacin Amurka da Turai. A lokaci guda, a cikin Maris-Afrilu, ana faruwa a tsakiyar Rasha. A cikin Tekun Fari, haɓaka a cikin watan Mayu. A cikin kogin Siberia - a watan Yuni-Yuli.
Mata na yin kwai a kowane lokaci. Wannan yana ɗaukar awanni da yawa. Maza suna haɗuwa a cikin jerin tare da mata da yawa, suna jefa madara a cikin rabo. Saboda wannan, suna ba da ƙarin lokaci a cikin filayen haɓaka fiye da mata. Dukkanin ayyukan yawanci yakan faru ne da dare.
Kifi ya kusanci wurin da ake haifar da mahaifa a rukuni-rukuni, kololuwa. A cikin ƙananan koguna da rafuka, ruwan ya fara "tafasa" da kifi. Yawancin masu farauta, gami da hankaka, suna jiran wannan lokacin don cin abincin ganima mai sauƙi. Amma yawan abinci ba ya zuwa na dogon lokaci. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ƙarancin haihuwa ya ƙare.
A lokacin ɓarna, narkewar ta samo takamaiman kaya. Gill yana rufewa da ɓangaren dorsal na kai sun zama baƙi. Jawananan jaw yana kaifi. Kumburi ya bayyana a jiki. A cikin mata, waɗannan canje-canjen ba su cika bayyana ba.
An ɗauka cewa tarin fuka yana ba da damar gano jinsi lokacin da kifin ya haɗu. Dangane da taɓawa, mutane daga jinsi ɗaya, kifin ya karkata zuwa ɓangarorin. Thean'uwan da ke jinsi ɗaya suna yin ƙarin ayyukan jima'i.
Spawning faruwa a wani m zurfin. A cikin wuraren da akwai algae, duwatsu, busasshiyar itace. Wato, duk abin da caviar zai iya makalewa. Akwai da yawa daga ciki. Yana shimfiɗa a cikin yadudduka. Lokacin da ruwan ya diga, wani bangare na qwai ya bushe. Wasu ƙananan predan damfara masu cin ruwa ne ke cinye su, haɗe da narkar da kanta.
Adadin kwai da aka baje ya dogara da nau'in kifin da shekarunsa. Smelt yana samar da ƙwai 2,000. Ya fi girma jinsuna - dubun dubbai. Mata masu jinsi guda, a saman haɓakar su, sun kai girman girman su - har zuwa ƙwai dubu 100.
Bayan sati biyu zuwa uku, soya ƙyanƙyashe. Suna gangara zuwa kasa. Sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Eltanshi a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa na iya ci gaba da tseren. A wasu nau'ikan kuma, balagar jima'i tana da hankali. Kwanan nan, yawan jama'ar Siberia na Turai sun narke a shirye don haihuwa. Wannan yana ɗaukar ta har zuwa shekaru 7.
Farashi
Fresh smelt kayan gida ne. Dangane da haka, farashin sa a yankuna daban-daban na iya bambanta. A St. Petersburg, misali, farashin kowane kilogiram na narke, kama yau ko jiya, ya kai 700 rubles. Wanne ya fassara shi a cikin nau'in kusan samfuran samfuran gourmet. Ana sayar da ƙananan kifi mai rahusa: 300-500 rubles a kowace kilogram.
Baya ga ƙanshin sabo na zamani, zaka iya siyan daskararre, busasshe, kyafaffen hayaƙi. Ana samar da abinci na gwangwani. A cikin sarrafawa, shirye-shirye da gwangwani, an siyar da Gabas mai nisa, ma'ana, ƙaramin bakin yana narkewa. Don daskararren kifi, zaku iya tsammanin farashin 200-300 rubles a kowace kilogram. Can na gram 150 na gwangwani mai narkewa cikin mai na iya sayan mai siye 100-120 rubles.
Capelin - narkewar kifi da danginsa kai tsaye - galibi ana sayar da shi a daskararre da shan sigari. Ana yin abincin gwangwani daga wannan kifin. Dangantaka tare da narkewa an tabbatar dashi ba kawai ta hanyar kamanni ba, amma ta kwatankwacin farashin. Wato, farashin capelin iri ɗaya ne da na narkewa.
Fishi da yadda ake dafa shi narkewa
Duk nau'ikan narkewa suna jan hankalin masunta mai son sha'awa. Wannan yana faruwa musamman a lokacin da kifin ke haifar da gudu. Eltanshi yana taruwa a cikin garken kuma ya kusan zuwa bakin teku lokacin da kankara ba ta narke ba tukunna.
Wasan yana gudana a hannun duk masoya kamun kifi daga Scandinavia zuwa Far East da Japan. Misali, a Arewacin Amurka, a cikin jihar New England, akwai irin wannan al'adar ta kamun kifi don kankara daga kankara.
Maganin shine sandar kamun kifi na hunturu tare da jigs a saman leashes. Yawan ƙugiya da kowane masunci bai kamata ya wuce guda 10 ba. Dangane da wannan, masunta masu bin doka yawanci saita sanduna uku tare da jagoranci uku.
Lokacin da kankara ta narke, masunta suna mantawa game da ramuka da rawanin hunturu, tara raga-raga, raga, ragargazawa. Sun auna aniyarsu ta sabawa doka: sun sami lasisin da ake buƙata don wannan nau'in kamun kifin. Kuma suna kamshi mai ƙamshi a faɗuwar rana, tun daga gadoji da bakin ruwa.
Harvestananan kayan girbin kayan fasaha sun narke cikin kasuwanci. Kamoginsu ba su da yawa. Amma wannan kasuwancin ba zai gushe ba saboda narke kyawawan kifi. Akwai ƙarin sha'awar gastronomic a ciki. Daga nau'ikan abinci ga matalauta, kifi sannu a hankali yana shiga cikin kewayon abinci.
Kodayake galibi suna shirya abinci mai rikitarwa daga gare ta. Kifin yana daskararre, bawo, an yi amfani da shi a cikin gari ana soya shi. Inara cikin yanayin gastronomic na narkewa yana tabbatar da tabbatacciyar hujja. Daga ɗakunan girki na gama gari, shirya wannan kifin ya shiga hannun masu dafa abinci na gidan abinci.
Za a iya amfani da ƙanshi a dafa cikin farin ruwan inabi tare da gasa paprika da shallots. Ko kuma za'a sha taba kifin, a soya shi a cikin biredin goro, a yi amfani da shi tare da miyar tkemali. Mutane da yawa kama, hadaddun jita-jita sun bayyana. Ciki har da Rolls na Japan, terrine da smorrebrod na zamani.
Amfanin narkar da kifi ba wai a dandano mai ban mamaki da kamshi na musamman ba. Wannan abinci ne mai matukar gina jiki. Akwai kilo kilo 100 a cikin gram 100. Ya ƙunshi ma'adanai da yawa: potassium, magnesium, wanda ke da amfani ga ƙwayoyi, calcium, wanda ke ƙarfafa ƙasusuwa, ƙarfe, phosphorus, da sauransu. Akwai giram 13.4 na furotin a cikin gram 100 na kifin. Fat - 4.5 grams.
