Smallaramin tsuntsu na umarnin wucewa yana ba da wata ma'anar waƙoƙi, tana cinye waƙar tare da gurnani ko amo. Tlean wasa da wasa ana amfani da su tare da waƙoƙi iri-iri, amma wannan mawaƙi ɗaya ne - idan ka lura da kyau za ka ga kusan a tsaye zaune kuwwa.
Bayani da fasali
Shrike daga umarnin passerines. A bayyane, ana iya yin kuskuren tsuntsu da cincin bijimin, amma idan aka bincika sosai sai ya sami bekin shaho mai karfi, wanda ke iya ba da shaida mai ma'ana. Mafarauci ne, saboda girmanta da launinsa mai kamannin mutum, yana da sauki a gare shi ya labe a kan abincin sa.
Tunanin tsuntsaye na farauta da kuma waƙoƙin waƙoƙi ya bambanta koyaushe, amma yanayin ya ƙare duka baiwa a cikin ɗan tsuntsu, dangin masu wucewa a lokaci guda. Baya ga sauran fa'idodi, waƙar ƙyama yana da ƙwarewar fasaha sosai, masu sauraro masu ban mamaki tare da maganganu iri-iri, kwafin waƙar sauran tsuntsaye.
Saurari muryar rawar ihu
Shararrawa na iya tura mujiya daga reshe don kawai don nishaɗi, ko kuma zolayar falle, ta manta da haɗarin.
Nau'in da ke da abokantaka sosai - akwai danniya mai karfi a tsakanin dangi - suna taimakon juna, suna kare su daga manyan maharba. Amma suna da matukar tashin hankali ga wasu nau'ikan, sashi na biyu na sunan: "saka" daga kalmar asalin Slavic "sa" - don tuƙi. Yana tuka nasa da wasu a kusa dashi, banda ƙananan dabbobin da suka dace da ganima.
Ba zai yi watsi da shaho, mujiya, magpie, duk masu fafatawa da sarkar abinci ba. Sunan Latin "ekscubitor" na nufin mai tsaro ko dan sanda, mai tsaro mara girman kai zai yi farin ciki da ganimar farautar wasu tsuntsaye ko dabbobi, yana mai yin gargaɗi da babbar murya game da haɗarin da ke tafe.
Babban danshi, bakinda aka matse ta gefe, babban baka mai kama da ƙugiya, yaci amanar mai farauta ya ɓoye bayan bayyanar kyakkyawar hanyar wucewa. Pichuga ba shi da kaifin yaƙe-yaƙe, kodayake yana iya ɗaukar farautar da aka kama, yana riƙe da shi a ƙafafunsa.
Irin
Karl Linay a cikin 1780 a cikin littafin "The System of Nature" ya tsara kuma yayi bayanin nau'in shrike. Kafin wannan, masana kimiyyar halitta sun kira shi ash-launin toka magpie, shuwakin shuda. Dangin dangi na kusa sune dangin corvids.
Jinsuna tara suna rayuwa, gida da kiwo a cikin Rasha.
- Jifan Jafananci (Lanius Bucephalus), jan gefe, farin tabo a bayanta, ciki mai fasali;
- Tiger (Lanius tigrinus), girman mizani, taguwar baya, alamar baƙi a idanu, ciki mai launin toka mai toka, mace ta fi kyau - launi na labulen ya zama mara kyau;
- Ja da shrike (Sanata Lanius), bayansa baƙaƙe ne, kansa jaja-ja-ja-kasa, akwai yalwatattun ratsi masu yawa a kafadu;
Saurari muryar jan-kunnen shri:
- Bugun gaba-gaba (Lanius karami), kasa da launin toka, girman goshi an tsara shi sosai tare da tabo baki, kasan yana da fari mai launin ruwan hoda, ya sha bambam da danginsa a cikin jirgin kamar iska;
Saurari muryar ihu mai baƙar fata:
- Grey ƙararrawa (Lanius eckubitor), goshin haske, gajeriyar jela, baƙar fata da ke ratsa idanu, fararen ciki;
Saurari muryar launin toka:
- Wuts-tailed (Lanius sphenocercus), idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, babban tsuntsu, doguwar jera mai tsaka-tsalle, ratsi-fari fari a fuka-fuki da kafadu;
- Siberian Shrike (Lanius cristatus), mafi kusa dangin shrikena cikin umarnin passerines, kai da wutsiya launin ruwan kasa ne masu haske, an rufe ciki da yanayin launin toka mai ruwan toka;
Saurari muryar Siberian shrike:
- Red-tailed Shrike (Lanius phoenikuroides), wutsiyar ja mai haske, jikin yashi;
Saurari muryar jan-kunnen shrike:
- Shrike Shrike talakawa, (Lanius collurio) ya bambanta da Siberiyan a cikin launin toka mai ƙyalƙyali na jela da kai, baya kuma inuwa ce ta kirji, baƙon idanuwa.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Yankin rarraba nau'ikan shine yankin mai ɗamarar yanayi mai sassaucin ra'ayi da na karkashin ruwa na arewacin duniya, daga tundra na gandun daji a arewa har zuwa tsaunukan kudu. Mazaunin ya fadada zuwa na 50th a layi daya.
- Tsawon jiki 24-38 cm;
- Wingspan 30-34cm;
- Nauyin nauyi 50-80 grams.
Gidajen zama a cikin Rasha: daga Volga zuwa tuddai na Urals na kudu, tare da gefen gefen kudancin taɓar Siberia, tare da Yenisei, da aka samo a Bashkiria. Tsarin gandun daji-steppe yana zaune a cikin yankunan Ryazan, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kaluga, Lipetsk. Yankin Mosko da kewayensa kuma suna da wasu albarkatun gandun daji don jan hankalin tsuntsaye zuwa wuraren narkonsu. Nau'in Rashanci ana ɗaukarsa makiyaya ne, kuma na kudanci masu ƙaura ne.
Yayin tashin jirgi, hakan yakan faru ne nesa da mazaunin mutane, kodayake tsuntsun yana da kunya, yana kaucewa haduwa da mutum. Jinsunan makiyaya marasa natsuwa - a cikin kaka da tsuntsayen da ke yin ƙaura zuwa hunturu suna zuwa kudu, suna tsayawa don yin hunturu a yankunan kudanci na Ukraine, Indiya, Afirka - harkar nomadic na ci gaba daga Oktoba zuwa Maris.
Turai tana da kusan mutane 250 - 400 dubu. Mafi girman tsuntsaye tsakanin Yukren-Belarusian Polesye, a nan ne ake lura da faɗaɗa yankin nest. Suna tashi cikin garken tumaki ko kuma su kadai. Wurare da matsuguni sun mamaye Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, Arewacin Afirka.
Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve wuri ne na hunturu ga wannan nau'in a Kamchatka. Wuraren da tsaran tsuntsaye suka fi so suna cikin dogayen bishiyoyi, a cikin babban kambi yana da wuya a iya lura da shi, amma koyaushe kuna iya sha'awar waƙar, saboda ana jin abubuwan da ke da daɗa daɗi a tsakanin shuke-shuke. Jin mutum, tsuntsu ba zai tashi ba, zai tashi ne kawai zuwa wani wuri.
Gina Jiki
Girman matsakaici ya yi aiki da kyau, shrike cikin natsuwa, ba tare da jan hankali da yawa ba, ƙasashe tsakanin gwarare marasa kan gado. Babu wanda ya kula da shi, yayin da a hankali yake zaɓar da gwara don cin abincin dare, yana watsa wa talakawan da abin ya shafa. Gwari sun watse, amma abin farauta ya rigaya ya cika baki.
Dabarar da aka fi so daga mai farauta ita ce neman abinci wa kanta, daga wata itaciya mai tsayi, sannan kan gangarowa kai tsaye kusan a tsaye. Idan manufa tana da lokacin yin tsalle sosai, ya kama ta da sauri a kan shimfidar ƙasa.
Cikakke ya kama tsuntsaye a cikin jirgin - maharban yana da tsananin so har ya ƙwace gwarare, koda daga ƙarƙashin hannun mutum, lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin tserewa. Shiga cikin rukunin tarko tare da ganima, baya tsayawa, ci gaba da azabtar da wasan da aka kama.
Shrike yana ɗaukar abin kamawa zuwa wuraren da aka fi so don cin abincin dare, yawanci daji mai ƙaya tare da ƙaya ko rassan kaifi. Wanda ya kama shi ya sare shi a kan ƙaya, ya tsage shi da ɗan tsinin bakinsa. Dalilin da yasa yake aiki ta wannan hanyar, masana kimiyyar halitta basu da cikakken bayani. Wannan shine yadda wakilan dukkan nau'ikan nau'ikan shrike ke aiki, wanda ya sami sunan jinsin su: Lanius - mahauci.
Shrike tsuntsu ne na ganima mai iya kai hari har da gwarare
Lokacin da shekarun girbi suka zo, duk rassan da ke cikin mazaunin yan fashin suna rataye da hannayen ɓeraye ko tsuntsaye. Lokaci mara siriri - fata da fuka-fukai kawai a rataye a kansu. Irin wannan ƙwanƙwasawa yana taimakawa sauƙaƙa don magance wasan da aka kama, ɗaurawa a kan ƙaya ba zai ba shi izinin zamewa ko fadowa daga reshe ba.
Kamar yadda tsuntsaye ke koya wa 'ya'yansu tashi, da farauta, haka masu surutu suke koya wa sabbin ƙarni don yin farautar ƙaya. Koyo ba sauki, amma dagewa yana kawo sakamako. Baya ga kananan tsuntsaye, gama gari kama:
- Dabbobi masu shayarwa: sandunan murine - voles, shrews, samarin beraye;
- Nimble kadangaru, kwadi, toads
- Lissafin farauta na jemagu an rubuta su;
- Hymenoptera da Orthoptera kwari (May beetle, beetle, weevil);
- Mayfly butterflies don ciyar da zuriya;
- Katantanwa, tsutsar ciki, gizo-gizo.
Wani lokaci yana iya kama tsuntsu wanda ya fi shi girma, a lokacin bazara suna cin baƙi, plum, ɓaure. Yana tashi sama da mita 400-500 a bayan abinci, yana shawagi akan alamar ganima.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
An san shari'un da aka keɓe na kiwo a cikin fursuna.
Shekarar shekara ɗaya ita ce lokacin balaga, rayuwar iyali tana farawa. Shararrawa ta kowa nasa ne na nau'ikan nau'ikan aure guda daya, lokacin nest Afrilu - Yuli. Mafi kyawu don nesting shine fadama, ciyawar ciyawa mai yawan ciyawa, ko bishiyoyi guda ɗaya.
Hakanan gida gida a cikin gandun daji, gobara, yankan yanki ko gefunan gandun daji. An shirya bukkoki a kan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi, suna zaɓar reshe mai kauri. Nau'uka daban-daban suna gina gidaje a tsayi daban-daban, daga mita biyu zuwa tara sama da ƙasa. Sau da yawa, ana amfani da gida sau da yawa a jere, suna sanya su zuwa gyaran bazara.
Waƙar maɗaukaki tana da daɗi, mai daɗi, tana ƙunshe da hadadden tsari na busting da trills, kodayake namiji yana da cikakkun saƙo na kaifi, busa, danna don bin abokan gaba. Saurayin ya sunkuyar da kansa ga wanda ya zaɓa, ya yi ihu, ya rera waka, ya ɓoye a tsakanin kambin bishiya, sannan ya fara bijirewa a cikin da'ira.
Ma'aurata suna da hannu daidai a cikin zuriya, kawai matsayinsu ya bambanta. Namiji yana kula da mace, yana rera mata waƙoƙi masu daɗi, ya zaɓi wurin sheƙatawa, ya sanya manyan rassa da yawa a gindi.
Idan za a yarda da zawarci, mace na ci gaba da gina gida-gida, tana kara dantse, ciyawar ciyawa. Sakamakon shine kwandon da aka daka, ya sanya a tsakiyar ulu na dabbobin da suka shuɗe da fuka-fukan tsuntsaye. Wani magini mai fuka-fukai yana zana saman gida da ciyawa kore, wataƙila don ɓoyewa ko kuma don kyan gani.
Yana sadarwa tare da ango kuma yana yin ƙwai. Kwai galibi ana sanya shi a rabi na biyu na watan Afrilu da Mayu, wani lokacin ana samun ƙwai da aka sa a watan Yuni, a bayyane yake ana sake kwanciya maimakon waɗanda maharan suka sace. Launin qwai mai fari ne tare da tartsatsin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa.
Matsakaicin matsakaici an rubuta shi ta hanyar masana ilimin ɗabi'a a cikin Slovakia. Yayi daidai da shekaru shida.
Watan rabin mai zuwa yana kyankyasar ƙwai. Clutch yawanci kunshi 5 - 7 qwai, kasa sau da yawa 8 - 9, shiryawa yana daukar kwanaki 15. Mahaifin ya dukufa wajen nemo wa kansa da matarsa abinci. Kaji suna kyankyashe makaho, dan kaɗan-kaza tare da ganga. Bakin ciki lemu ne, mai haske, don jan hankalin iyaye.
Suna ba da himma ga 'ya'yansu har tsawon makonni uku. Kaji suna barin gida suna da shekaru 18 - 20, kuma bayan wasu makwanni biyu sai su zama masu cin gashin kansu. A watan Yuni, zaku iya ganin samari na farko masu tashi sama, amma basu yi nisa da iyayensu ba.
Har zuwa faduwa, suna ci gaba da amfani da kayan abinci na iyaye, har zuwa lokacin da za a tara cikin garken. An lura da lamuran lokacin da rabin kajin suka hade da mahaifiya, dayan kuma suka hada da mahaifin.
Shrike kaji
Lamba tsarke tsuntsaye yana raguwa cikin sauri saboda raguwar yankuna daga ayyukan noma, yawan amfani da magungunan kashe kwari. Don kiyaye jinsunan, ya zama dole a kiyaye shimfidar da ta dace da tsuntsayen gida, hana amfani da sinadarai a cikin gonar noma, da bullo da hanyoyin kiyaye yanayi.
The Oksky Reserve ya tsunduma cikin nazarin ƙauyuka da ƙaura daga jinsunan, kariyar gandun daji, yawan adadin shrike mai launin toka nau'i-nau'i 50 ne a kowace kadada 230. Nasarar gida a wuraren binciken shine 58%.
Sauran wuraren da aka kare gidajensu suna cikin yankin Kandalaksha, Lapland, Central-Lesnoy. Suna gudanar da bincike mai niyya akan inda jinsunan suke, sa ido kan wuraren da za su yi gida-gida na dindindin, da kuma nazarin abubuwan da suka danganci hakan.
An jera Shrike a cikin Littafin Bayar da Bayani don dawo da yawan jama'a
Shrike yana da kariya ta littafin Red data na Rasha, Europeanungiyar Turai don Kare Muhalli. Yarjejeniyar ta Berne ta kunshi a shafi na 2 a wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Rasha da Indiya kan kare tsuntsayen masu kaura, wadanda suka hada da launin toka mai launin toka, bakin-wutsi, damisa, shrike shrike.
Ya kamata mutum ya kula da yanayin da ke kewaye da shi, ya shiga cikin motsi don kiyaye nau'in haɗari. Communityungiyoyin jama'a na masu lura da tsuntsaye, masu gandun daji, da masu wasa wasa suna kula da inganta ƙasashe gandun daji da dawo da yawan tsuntsayen da ke cikin haɗari.Shrike a cikin hoton yayi kama da tsuntsu mai aminci mai cutarwa.
