Rapan - Wannan mollusk ne na cin hanci, wanda ya yadu sosai a gabar Bahar Maliya. Wannan jinsin ya kasu kashi-kashi da yawa, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban na zahiri da kuma yanki na daban. A yau, ana kama rapan azaman kayan abinci. A wasu yankuna, ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne na musamman. Farin nama kawai ake amfani dashi don abinci - ma'ana, ƙafarta mai tsoka. Kusan duk wanda ya taɓa yin hutu a gabar Bahar Maliya yana da bakin teku daga bakin teku a matsayin abin tunawa a gida.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Rapan
Rapans suna cikin masarautar dabbobi, nau'in mollusc, nau'in gastropods, dangin kisan kai, jinsi na rapana. Masana kimiyya sun yi jayayya cewa naman gwari irin na zamani masu cin nama ya samo asali ne daga masu fadan Gabas ta Tsakiya, waɗanda suke zaune a mafi yawan ruwan Tekun Japan. An fara gano su a cikin 1947 a cikin Tekun Tsemesskaya a cikin garin Novorossiysk.
Bidiyo: Rapan
Masanan Ichthyologists sun ba da shawarar cewa kimanin shekara guda da ta gabata, wani jirgi da yake wucewa ta mashigin Tashar Gabas ta Tsakiya ko tashar jirgin ruwa ya manna kama da wannan ƙirar a ɗaya gefen, kuma tare da jirgin ya koma Bahar Maliya. Da farko dai, wannan jinsin mollusks ya rayu ne kawai a cikin Peter the Great Bay, wanda ya hada da gabar Tekun Okhotsk, gabar yammacin gabar Tekun Fasifik, Tekun Japan, da kuma Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Tarayyar Rasha. A yankuna da yawa, wannan wakilin noman fure da fauna shine babban abin kamun kifi.
Bayan wannan nau'in mollusk ya shiga cikin tekun Bahar Maliya, da sauri ya bazu zuwa yankuna da yawa: Sevastopol, Cossack Bay, Bahar Rum, Tekun Arewa. Da farko, mutane ba su san abin da za su yi da ƙaruwar mazauna cikin ruwa ba, amma a hankali sun koyi yadda ake yin ba kawai kyawawan abubuwan tunawa daga rapa ba, har ma don shirya ainihin abubuwan girke-girke daga gare su.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya rapan yake?
Rapan yana da tsari irin na wakilan wannan rukunin rayuwar ruwan. Yana da jiki mai laushi da harsashi wanda yake kiyaye shi. Harsashin ya ɗan gajarta, a cikin sifar sarari, tare da ɗan lanƙwasa. Launi na kwasfa na iya zama daban-daban: daga m, launin ruwan kasa mai haske, zuwa duhu, burgundy, ko kusan baƙi. Akwai hakarkarin goshi a bayan fuskarta. Yankunan haƙori na karkace suna da ratsi ko raɓa mai duhu. Daga ciki, kwalliyar galibi ruwan lemu ne mai haske, kusan launuka masu launin lemo.
Bawo yana da aikin kariya kuma yana hana lalacewa ga laushin jikin mollusc. Baya ga tarin fuka, ƙwarjin yana da ƙananan ƙaya. Girman jiki da bawo a cikin mutane daban-daban na iya bambanta. Mafi sau da yawa, ya dogara da shekarun mutum. Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya sun kai girman santimita 18-20 a kusan shekaru 8-10, mananan Bahar Mollusks suna da tsawon jiki na santimita 12-14. Entranceofar gidan yana da faɗi sosai, an rufe shi da wani irin ƙyalle. Idan rapana ya lura da kusancin haɗari, sai ya rufe ƙofofin da kyau, ya rufe cikin gidan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wadannan wakilan flora da fauna suna da gland na musamman wanda ke samar da enzyme mai launin lemon. An sake shi zuwa cikin yanayin waje, yana yin aiki tare da iskar oxygen, sakamakon haka yana samun launuka masu launin shuɗi mai haske. A zamanin da, wannan launi alama ce ta ƙarfi da girma.
Rapana ya banbanta da sauran masu cinyewa ta hanyar kasancewar kaifin harshe, wanda kusan yake yin aikin atisaye, hakowa ta hanyar bawon mollusks, wanda yake matsayin tushen abinci. Bawon, tare da mollusk, yana girma kusan kusan dukkanin rayuwar mollusk ɗin, a lokuta daban-daban yana rage saurin girma, sannan ya sake ƙaruwa.
A ina rapan yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Black Sea Rapan
Rapana tana zaune a yankin bakin ruwa na ruwaye daban-daban. Yankin mazauninsu ya mamaye yanki har zuwa mita 40-50 daga bakin teku. Tekun Gabas ta Tsakiya ana ɗauke da asalin ƙasar mollusk. A tsakiyar karni na 20, an kawo su zuwa yankin Bahar Maliya, inda suka yadu da sauri.
Yankuna na yankin mollusc:
- Yankunan Gabas na Tarayyar Rasha;
- Tekun Okhotsk;
- Tekun Japan;
- Yammacin Tekun Pacific;
- Kogin Bahar Maliya a cikin Sevastopol;
- Kherson;
- Jamhuriyar Abkhazia;
- Bahar Rum;
- Chesapeake Bay;
- Bakin Kogin Uruguay;
- Yankunan kudu maso gabas na gabar Kudancin Amurka.
Bahar Maliya ta rarrabe da mafi kyawun yanayin wurin zama don waɗannan wakilan mollusks. Akwai matakin gishirin da ake buƙata da wadataccen abinci. Ana samun karancin yawan molluscs a cikin tekun Adriatic, Arewa, Marmara. A cikin Bahar Maliya, yawan mutanen rapana sun fi yawa saboda rashin abokan gaba na ɗabi'a waɗanda ke kula da yawan rayuwar halittun ruwa ta hanyar da ta dace. Rapana bai banbanta a tsauraran buƙatu don yanayin rayuwa ba. Ba ta zaɓi yankin da take zaune don yanayin ruwan ko ingancinsa ba. Suna jin dadi duka a kan ƙasa mai rairayi da kan dutse.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo rapan. Bari mu ga abin da mollusk ke ci.
Menene rapan yake ci?
Photo: Rapan a cikin teku
Rapan a dabi'ance mai farauta ne. Yana farauta akan wasu nau'ikan rayuwar ruwa. Don wannan suna da harshe mai wahala, mai ƙarfi da kuma wahala. Tare da taimakonsa, mollusk ɗin yana iya huda rami a cikin harsashi kuma ya ci jikin ciyawar ruwa da fauna. A wasu lokuta, mollusk din ba sa ko damuwa da yin rami a cikin bawon, amma kawai yana bude bawon ne da taimakon wata kafar muscular, ya saki guba ya ci abin da ke ciki. A halin yanzu, yawan masu fyade na karuwa cikin sauri, musamman a cikin tekun Bahar Aswad. Rapana kusan ba ta tsoron kowa, ban da taurarin teku, wadanda ke haifar mata da babbar barazana.
Abin da ke zama tushen tushe:
- kawa;
- sikeli;
- cananan ɓawon burodi;
- marmara, kaguwan dutse;
- mussels;
- sikeli;
- nau'ikan molluscs.
Samarin samari na rapana sun sauka zuwa ƙasa kuma suna cin abinci a kan katako a karo na farko bayan haihuwa. A mollusk yana da nau'i hudu na tentacles. Ballwallan ƙwal biyu da na gaba. Suna aiwatar da aikin taɓawa da taimako wajen neman abinci. Tare da taimakonsu, sun fahimci waɗannan wakilan tsire-tsire na teku da fauna, waɗanda za su iya ci da wanda ba za su iya ba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Shell Rapan
Yawancin mutane suna rayuwa cikin zurfin kusan mita 40-50. Musaƙarin tsoka yana taimaka musu su motsa tare da ƙasan ko wani farfajiya. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana girke su a kan duwatsu ko a ƙasan kuma a wannan yanayin suna cinye mafi yawan lokacin su. Molluscs suna girma da haɓaka cikin sauri. Bayan larvae sun zama ainihin masu fyaden manya, sai suka rikide zuwa ainihin masu farauta. Saboda kasancewar harshe mai wahala, suna iya cin duk abin da zai iya zama musu ci. Bawo mai wuya ba cikas ba ce a gare su.
Molluscs halittu ne masu jinkiri da sauri. Yana motsawa tare da ƙasa tare da taimakon ƙwayar muscular, yana ninka murfin ƙofar baya. Babban ɓangaren mollusk koyaushe yana cikin yanayi mai aiki, juya zuwa inda halin yanzu ke kawo ƙanshin yiwuwar abinci. Matsakaicin saurin motsi na manya bai wuce santimita 20 a minti ɗaya ba.
A cikin kwanciyar hankali, saurin motsi yakai santimita 10-11 a minti ɗaya. Mollusks ana saurin su sau da yawa don manufar samun abinci. Oxygenation yana faruwa ta hanyar tace ruwan teku. Ana aiwatar da numfashi ta cikin ramin reshe na reshe. Matsakaicin rayuwar wannan nau'in molluscs shine shekaru 13-15.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Rapan a cikin Bahar Maliya
Rapans halittun dioecious ne. Kowane ɗayan mace da namiji a zahiri ba su da wani bambance-bambance sananne daga waje. A lokacin kiwo, masu zage-zage sukan taru a kananan kungiyoyi, wanda yawansu ya kai mutane 20-30. Daga cikinsu akwai mutane maza da mata. Lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a rabi na biyu na rani - ƙarshen Yuli, Agusta. Daga farkon Satumba, adadin kamawa ya ragu sosai, kuma lokacin kiwo yana ƙarewa a hankali.
Molluscs halittu ne masu kwazo sosai. Wata mace balagaggun mata tana yin ƙwai kusan 600-1300. Qwai suna cikin kawunansu na musamman waɗanda ke haɗuwa da ciyayi na cikin ruwa, da murjani, da sauran abubuwa da ke gabar teku. Ko da a cikin kwantena, rapana ya fara zaɓar yanayi, lokacin da manyan masu iko ke rayuwa. Mafi ingancin aiwatarwa a cikin kasancewar jaka a cikin jakar kwantena tana cin ƙananan mahaɗan. Saboda wannan, suna rayuwa kuma suna samun ƙarfi.
Barin jakar kwantena, masu fyaden kusan nan da nan suka sauka zuwa gaɓar tekun kuma suka fara jagorancin rayuwa irin ta manya. Suna jagorancin rayuwa mai zaman kanta kuma suna samun abincinsu. Tushen abinci na farko shine yawan ruwan plankton.
Abokan gaba na rapana
Photo: Rapana harsashi
Kusan babu wasu halittu a cikin tekun da zasu ciyar akan rapan. Halittar da kawai ke yiwa barazanar kifin kifi shine kifin kifin. Koyaya, yawan manyan maƙiyan mollusk kwanan nan sun ragu zuwa iyaka. Dangane da wannan, ba kawai adadin mollusks ya karu ba, har ma ingancin ruwan teku ya lalace sosai.
Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa kifin kifin a yankuna da yawa na mazaunin su kusan ya lalata wasu nau'in molluscs. A cikin Tekun Baƙar fata, wannan matsalar tana ƙara zama gama gari. Lokaci-lokaci, wannan nau'in mai farautar yana kama da adadi mai yawa. Amma wannan ba shi da wani tasiri a kan yawan mutanen molluscs.
A wasu wurare, rapanas tushen abinci ne ga kaguwa na Bahar Maliya, wanda ke iya cin sa a sauƙaƙe, duk da dumbin kariya, tabbatacciya a cikin hanyar harsashi mai kariya. A yankuna inda yawan kifin kifin yake da yawa, yawan adadin mollusc masu cin nama a hankali suna raguwa cikin lambobi. Masana ilimin dabbobi sun kuma yi jayayya cewa a cikin yankin Gabashin Gabas ta Rasha, yawan mollusks yana raguwa sannu a hankali saboda sanyaya da kuma sauyin canjin yanayi. Rapan bashi da wasu makiya na asali da kuma dalilan raguwar mutane.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Yaya rapan yake?
A yau yawan rapa yana da yawa sosai. Mafi yawan mutanen molluscs ana lura dasu a cikin Bahar Maliya. Wannan adadin wadannan wakilai na flora da fauna sun sake su saboda raguwar saurin kamun kifi. Girman yawan rapan ya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga bambancin fure da fauna a waɗancan yankuna inda lambobinsu ke da yawa musamman.
A wasu wurare, yawancin raƙuman ruwa sun kusan hallaka su ta hanyar rapa. Wannan ya cutar da tsarkin ruwa a cikin teku, yayin da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka mutu suka tace ruwan tekun ta kansu. Koyaya, tare da cutarwar da ba za a iya musantawa ba wanda kifin kifin ke yi, suna ba da fa'idodi.
Rapan yakan yi amfani da kwasfa da aka watsar a matsayin gidansa. Kari akan haka, galibi ana kama kifin kifi domin samun kwalliya don samun nasarar kamun kifi. Legafara mai muscular ƙoshin abinci ne mai mahimmanci wanda ake buƙata tsakanin ƙwararrun masanan a duniya. A saboda wannan dalili, galibi ana kama kifin kifin, kuma a wasu yankuna har ma da sikelin masana'antu. Manyan mashahuran mashahuri daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna siyan kifin kifin don shirya ainihin kayan girke-girke. A bakin tekun, a cikin mazaunan mollusks, akwai shagunan tunawa inda zaku iya siyan bawo na masu girma dabam da launuka. Koyaya, wannan baya tasiri a cikin ɗimbin yawan mahautan.
Ranar bugawa: 07/24/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/29/2019 da 19:52
