Wannan dabba mai shayarwa mai ban mamaki a rayuwar ruwa da kuma ta ƙasa ita ce ɗayan tsoffin wakilan dabbobin duniyar. An san like a matsayin dunƙulen teku. Canje-canje a cikin yanayin yanayi ya rinjayi rayuwar rayuwar masu farauta, sannu a hankali ya haifar da canji a cikin bayyanar dabbobin da aka tilasta su saba da yanayin ruwa. Juyin Halitta ya canza ƙafafun hatimi zuwa silifa.
Bayani da fasali
Babban dabba mai shayarwa mai tsawan jiki da madaidaiciya, wanda ya dace da tsarin rayuwar ruwa. Yawan wakilan nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi ya bambanta ƙwarai, ya fara daga kilogram 150 zuwa tan 2.5, tsawon jiki daga 1.5 m zuwa 6.5 m. Alamar hatimi ya bambanta da ikon tara kitse a cikin yanayi daban-daban, sa'annan ya rabu da shi, ya canza girmansa sosai.
Alamar gama gari a cikin ruwa
Dabbar tana ba da kwatancen wata halitta mai wuyar sha'ani idan tana kan tudu. Babban jiki an rufe shi da gajerun gashi, wuya mai kauri, ƙaramin kai, silifa. A cikin ruwa, sun zama masu ban mamaki.
Ba kamar sauran kullun ba, hatimai suna da ma'amala tare da ƙasar, inda suke ciyar da wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwarsu. Fins tare da hannaye da ƙafa masu tasowa na taimakawa don motsawa cikin kowane yanayi. A kan ƙasa, suna jingina nauyin jikinsu a kan gabobin jiki, suna jan baya, wanda ke jan ƙasa.
Ya banbanta da yanayin yanayin ruwa. A cikin ruwa, hatimai suna haɓaka saurin zuwa 25 km / h. Dabbobi na iya nutsewa a cikin zurfin teku har zuwa mita 600. Siffar da aka yi wa kai da alama tana taimakawa ne ta ratsa layin ruwan.
Tsawon dabba a zurfin bai wuce mintuna 10 ba saboda karancin iskar oxygen. Dole ne hatimin ya dawo zuwa ƙasa don sake cika jakar iskar da ke ƙarƙashin fatarsa don shigarta ta gaba cikin teku.
Ulu mai laushi yana sa ku dumi. Ana samar da thermoregulation ta wani yanki na kitse mai subcutaneous, wanda dabbobi ke tarawa a lokacin hunturu. Don haka, hatimin suna jure mawuyacin yanayi na Arctic, Antarctic.
Idanun dabbobi masu sheki suna bayyana sosai. Shiga hatimi a cikin hoton yana kallon hudawa, kallo mai hankali kamar zai ɓoye wani abu ne da mutum ya san shi. Idanun mutane masu kaifin hankali ba su da kaifi. Kamar dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, idanun basu da hangen nesa. Kamar mutane, manyan dabbobi na iya yin kuka duk da cewa basu da glandon lacrimal.
Amma suna kamshin kamshi na mita 500, suna ji sosai, amma dabbobin ba su da kunnuwa. Faɗakarwar motsa jiki, mai kama da farin gashin baki, yana taimaka musu yin zirga-zirga tsakanin matsaloli daban-daban. Ikon sake bayyanawa kawai ana rarrabe shi ta wasu nau'in. A cikin wannan baiwa, hatimai sun fi na dolphin, whales.
Kusan ba zai yuwu a banbance namiji da mace ba ta hanyar bayyana a mafi yawan hatimai. Adon da ke kan bakin maza an rarrabe shi ne kawai da hatimin giwaye da hatimin hat. Mata na iya zama marasa nauyi, amma yana da wahala a iya tantance bambanci ba tare da aunawa ta musamman ba.
Launin dabbobin galibi launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne mai ƙyalli-ƙyalli. Oblong spots sun bazu a jiki. Kubiyoyi sun gaji kayan tun suna kanana. Abokan gaba na hatimai sune kifaye da kifaye. Ana ceton dabbobi daga gare su ta hanyar tsalle zuwa gaɓar tekun. Polar Bears suna son yin liyafa a kan naman hatimi, amma yana da wuya ya yiwu a kama hulla da hankali.
Irin
Hatim ɗin dangi ne na zahiri da kunnuwa, a cikin maɗaukakiyar ma'ana - duk tsintsa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan 24 waɗanda suka bambanta, amma suna riƙe da fasalulluka masu yawa. Sealungiyoyin hatimin Pacific sun ɗan fi mutanen Atlantic girma. Amma babban kamannin ya haɗa wakilan dukkan yankuna. Wasu sun fi shahara.
Alamar hatimi. Ya fi son ruwan Tekun Bahar Rum, sabanin dangin Arctic. Manya suna da nauyin kilogram 250, tsayin jiki yana da mita 2-3. Ga launin launi na ciki, ana kiransa da farin ciki. A baya can, mazaunin sun rufe Bahar Maliya, an samo hatimin a yankin ƙasarmu, amma yawan mutane ya ragu. A gefen tekun dumi, babu wuraren da za a yi lalata da dabbobi - komai mutum ne ya gina shi. An lissafa malamin zuhudu a cikin Littafin Ja. Mai alaka hatimin caribbean an riga an yarda da mabiyin a matsayin jinsin da ya ɓace.
Monk hatimi
Hatimin 'yan Luwadi. Dabba mai shayarwa ta sami sunanta ne saboda jarabar abinci. An rarrabe hatimin ta hanyar kunkuntar bakin ciki, matsakaiciyar girman jiki: matsakaicin tsayi 2.5 m, nauyi 250-300 kg. Masu yin kwalliya suna rayuwa ne a Antarctica, can tekun kudu. Rookery galibi ana shirya shi ne a kan kankara kankara. Mafi yawan nau'ikan.
Seal crabeater
Alamar gama gari. Ana samun sa a wurare daban-daban a Arewacin Arctic Hemisphere: a Rasha, Scandinavia, Arewacin Amurka. Suna zaune a cikin ruwan bakin teku, ba sa ƙaura. Matsakaicin nauyin 160-180 kg, tsawon cm 180. Launi mai launin ja-launin toka ya mamaye tsakanin sauran tabarau. Mafarauta sun haifar da barazanar bacewar nau'ikan.
Alamar gama gari
Harp hatimi. Ananan dangi cikin girma - tsayin 170-180, nauyi kusan kilogram 130. An rarrabe maza da launi na musamman - gashi mai azurfa, kan baƙi, ratsi mai duhu a cikin sikila daga kafadu.
Harp hatimi
Taguwar hatimi Wani wakili na musamman na dabbobi masu shayarwa, "zebra" a cikin dusar kankara. A kan duhu, kusa da baƙar fata, bango akwai ratsi mai raɗaɗɗu wanda zai kai faɗi cm 15. Maza ne kawai ake rarrabe su da kayan ado masu haske. Raunuka a cikin mata kusan ba a iya gani. Sunan na biyu don hatimin kifi. Alamomin Arewa ana samunsu a Tatar Strait, Bering, Chukchi, Okhotsk teas.
Taguwar hatimi
Damisa ta teku. Fata mai haske, halayyar tashin hankali ya ba da sunan ga maƙerin. Mugun mahaukaci yakan kai hari kan kananan hatimce, amma penguins sune mafi kyawun kayan marmarin damisa. Mai farauta ya kai tsawon m 4, yawan tambarin damisa mai girma ya kai 600 kg. An samo a gabar tekun Antarctica.
Damisa ta teku
Giwar Ruwa. Sunan yana jaddada girman girman dabba, tsawonta yakai mita 6.5, nauyinta ya kai tan 2.5, hanci kamar na akwati a cikin maza. Peananan raƙuman arewa suna zaune ne a gaɓar tekun Arewacin Arewacin Amurka, yankunan kudu da ke Antarctica.
Giwar Ruwa
Kureren teku (hatimin gemu). A lokacin hunturu, matsakaicin nauyin dabba mai wadatar abinci ya kai kilogiram 360. Babban jikin yana da tsayin mita 2.5. jaarfin jaws tare da ƙananan hakora. Dabba mai kiba tana kan ƙasa kusa da ramuka, a gefen narkewar faci. Suna zaune su kadai. Halin zaman lafiya.
Hatimin gemu
Rayuwa da mazauni
An lura da mafi girman rarraba hatimai a cikin latitude subpolar, a bakin tekun Arctic da Antarctic. Banda shine hatimin sufaye, wanda ke zaune a cikin ruwan dumi na Bahar Rum. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai nisa, misali, a tafkin Baikal.
Doguwar ƙaura ba ta dace da hatimi ba. Suna zaune a cikin ruwan bakin teku, suna iyo a kan bankunan rairayi, suna bin wurare masu dindindin. Suna motsawa tare da ƙasa tare da ƙoƙari, rarrafe, tare da tallafi akan ƙafafun gaba. Lokacin da suka ji haɗari, sai su nitse cikin cikin abincin. Suna jin kwarin gwiwa da 'yanci a cikin ruwa.
Seal dabba ce gregarious. Ungiyoyin rukuni, ko rookeries, suna samuwa a bakin tekun, a kan kankara. Adadin garken ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, amma ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ke da ƙarfi mai yawa ba su da alama don hatimi. Kowane mutum na kusa da juna, amma ya huta, yana ciyar da kansa ba tare da danginsa ba. Alaka tsakanin su ta lumana ce. Yayin narkakken dabbobin, dabbobin suna taimakon maƙwabtansu don kawar da tsohuwar ulu - suna tatto bayansu.
Baikal hatimi bask a rana dangi ne na hatimin
Dabbobin da ke kwance a cikin rook kamar ba su damu ba. Suna sadarwa da juna tare da gajeren alamun sauti, kwatankwacin girgizawa ko dariya. Seal sauti a daban-daban lokaci da wasu intonations. A cikin garken dabbobi, sautunan dabbobi suna haɗuwa cikin hayaniya ta gaba ɗaya, musamman a bakin teku, inda raƙuman ruwa suka faɗo.
Wani lokaci mawaƙa ta hatimai suna kama da dusar ƙanƙara, kukan shanun shanu. Kururuwa mafi karfi ana yin su ne da hatimin giwaye. Alamun haɗari suna cike da ƙararrawa, kiran uwa ga jarirai suna ta dagewa, fushi. Intonation, mitoci, jerin maimaitawa suna ɗaukar mahimman ma'ana a cikin sadarwa na dabbobi.
Hatimin ba sa barci da kyau. A ƙasa, sun kasance masu taka-tsantsan, a cikin ruwan da suke bacci a tsaye na ɗan gajeren lokaci, lokaci-lokaci kan hau saman ruwa don cika wadatar iska.
Gina Jiki
Abincin abincin hatimi ya dogara ne akan mazaunan ruwa: molluscs, kadoji, dorinar ruwa, squids, manyan ɓawon burodi. Yawancin abinci shine kifi: narkewa, cod na Arctic, capelin, navaga, herring. Wasu jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da wasu abubuwan fifiko.
Kifi shine babban abincin hatimi
Misali, an sanya sunan hatimin crabeater saboda fifikonsa da kaguwa akan sauran mazaunan ruwa; ga hatimin damisa, penguin zai zama abin marmari. Hatimin hatimi ƙananan ganima gaba ɗaya, ba tare da taunawa ba. Seal - teku yawan annashuwa, ba mai son abinci ba, saboda haka ana tattara duwatsun da suka haɗi har zuwa kilogiram 10 a cikin cikin masu farautar.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Alamu ke haifuwa sau ɗaya a shekara. Yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin iyali na hatimi na gaskiya suna yin dindindin dindindin. Hannun da aka daddaɗe da hatta giwaye suna da aure fiye da ɗaya.
A ƙarshen bazara, lokacin buɗewa yana buɗewa yayin da maza ke gasa don kulawar mata. Dabbobin da ke son zaman lafiya sun zama mayaƙa, masu iya yin zalunci ko ga maƙiyi. Tsarin zawarci, saduwa yana faruwa a cikin ruwan teku, haihuwar jarirai - kan kankara kankara.
Gwajin mace na kusan shekara, daga kwana 280 zuwa 350. An haifi ɗa ɗaya, ya inganta sosai, ya zama mai gani, daga ƙarshe ya samu. Tsayin jikin jariri kusan 1m, nauyi 13 kg. Hatimin jariri ana haihuwarsa sau da yawa tare da fararen fata, Jawo mai kauri. Amma akwai hatimin jarirai bawai fari kawai ba, har ma da launin ruwan kasa tare da zaitun, misali, hatimin gemu.
Duk da cewa jariri ba zai iya raka mahaifiyarsa a cikin balaguron teku ba, yana ɓatar da lokaci a kan yawo mai kankara. Mace tana ciyar da jariri da madara mai mai wata ɗaya. Daga nan ta sake samun ciki. Lokacin da ciyarwar mahaifiya ta kare, ya girma farin hatimi bai riga ya shirya don rayuwa mai zaman kanta ba.
Abincin sunadarai da mai suna ba ka damar riƙe na ɗan lokaci. Lokacin yunwa yana dauke da makonni 9 zuwa 12 yayin da dabbar ke shirin balaguron balagaggun ta na farko. Lokacin girma na sa isa shine mafi haɗari ga rayukansu. Mace ba ta iya kare jaririnta a ƙasa saboda rikicewarta, ba koyaushe take gudanar da ɓoyewa cikin rami tare da hatimin ba.
Tambarin mata tare da ɗanta
Mahaifiyar tana ɓoye sabbin abubuwan da aka haifa a tsakanin dusar kankara, a cikin ramuka na dusar ƙanƙara, ta yadda ba wanda zai iya ganin jaririn mai fararen dusar ƙanƙara. Amma yawan mutuwar pan dubun dubata, kamar yadda ake kira sean hatimi, ya yi matuƙar girma saboda farauta. Mutane ba sa kiyaye rayukan jarirai, saboda furcinsu mai kauri kamar yana da kyau a gare su. Nau'in kudanci hatimin da ke zaune a cikin yanayin Antarctic an kiyaye su daga abokan gaba a kan ƙasa. Amma babban makiyinsu yana lulluɓe cikin ruwa - waɗannan su ne kifayen kifayen, ko kifayen kifi.
Kiwo na hatimin kunnuwa, akasin ainihin nau'in, ana faruwa ne a keɓaɓɓun tsibirai, yankunan bakin teku. Maza suna kama wuraren da, bayan haihuwar zuriya, suna ci gaba da kariya. Mata na haihuwar jarirai a ƙasa yayin ƙarancin ruwa. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i, tare da bayyanar ruwa, jaririn ya riga ya iya iyo.
Kunnen kunne a cikin yanayi mai kyau yana kiyaye kusa da rookery duk shekara zagaye. Balagowar jima'i na hatimin mata yana faruwa kusan shekaru 3, maza - daga shekaru 6-7. Rayuwar mata hatimai a cikin yanayin halitta tana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 30-35, maza sun fi ƙasa da shekaru 10. Abin sha'awa, ana iya tantance yawan shekarun tambarin mamaci ta hanyar yawan da'ira dangane da haurenta.
Canjin yanayi, sauyin yanayi, kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba na rage yawan dabbobi masu ban mamaki da ke rayuwa a doron kasa. Wayayyen duban hatimin da suka rayu cikin teku tun zamanin da, kamar ana zagin duniya a yau.
