Madara kwaro. Bayani, fasali, nau'ikan mazaunin mazaunin mata

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Bayani da fasali

Ga mutane, wannan ƙaramar halittar ba ta da wata illa, kuma dangane da su yana nuna wauta da salama ne kawai. Saboda haka, a sauƙaƙe za ku iya sa shi a hannunku kuma ku gaya masa game da begenku da sha'awarku.

Kuma kakanninmu sun yi imani da cewa, bayan sauraron su, sai ya tashi kai tsaye zuwa Sama, inda yake gaya wa masu kula da 'yan Adam game da komai, yana isar da duk buƙatun ɗan adam da saƙonni.

Da alama launi mai launi na wannan kwarin tun daga zamanin da ya tunatar da mazaunan Rasha kyawawan dabbobin gida, waɗanda madararsu ke da amfani da kuma daɗi a kowane lokaci. Kuma saboda wannan dalilin ne yasa aka sanyawa irin wannan halittar suna - yar tsana... Af, shi ma yana iya samar da madara, kodayake ya yi nesa da kasancewa lafiya da fari-fari. Amma ƙari akan hakan daga baya.

Iyalan waɗannan ƙananan wakilan duniyar dabbobi suna da suna iri ɗaya tare da su kuma masana kimiyyar halittu sun tsara su a matsayin coleoptera. Girman mambobinsa ya bambanta daga 4 mm, ya kai girman santimita.

Siffar jikin waɗancan halittu, idan aka kalleshi daga sama, yana da ɗorewa, amma an ɗan ƙara shi kaɗan, wanda aka bayyana ta layuka masu santsi, kusan zagaye. Daga gefunan falon zamewa ne, daga ƙasa yana da faɗi, akan siraran ƙafafu shida, waɗanda suka ƙunshi sassa. Jikin wasu jinsunan an lullubeshi da gashin gashi wanda ba za'a iya lura dasu ba.

Ladybugs suna da gajerun kai. Ya haɗu da motsi zuwa wani yanki - prothorax. Babban ɓangaren jiki ya kasu kashi uku: elytra tare da fikafikan da aka dunƙule a ƙarƙashinsu; sauran biyun sune ciki shida da kuma tarsi.

Idanun wadannan halittun suna da girma. Kuma eriya, kamar sauran sassa na jikin wadannan kwari, wadanda aka gina su daga bangarori da dama, ana rarrabasu ta hanyar sassauci.

Ladybug irin ƙwaro ko kwari? Ana iya la'akari da shi daidai ga waɗancan da kuma ga waɗansu. Kuma wannan na dabi'a ne, saboda ƙwaro (ƙwaro) sune tsari mafi yawa dangane da yawan nau'in, waɗanda aka sanya su kwari.

Ban da yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, waɗannan wakilan duniyar dabbobi suna rayuwa a ko'ina, ma'ana, ana iya samun membobin wannan dangin a kusan kowace kusurwa ta duniyarmu.

Irin

A cikin dangin tsuntsayen mata na jinsi daya, akwai kusan 360. Amma nau'ikan da ke jikinsu, kamar yadda zaku iya zato, sun fi yawa, wato fiye da 4000. Duk membobinsu a yanayi ana bambanta su da launuka masu haske. Kuma wannan ba kwatsam bane, saboda irin wannan kayan an baiwa kwari ta ɗabi'arsu don tsoratar da masu son cutar.

Akwai launuka iri-iri na ladybugs

Gaskiya ne, dangane da nau'in, yana iya zama daban. Speciesananan nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan halittu suna cike da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa da shuɗi mai raɗaɗi tare da ƙari na fari, ja, rawaya, alamu baƙi. Amma mafi yawan sanannunmu har yanzu suna da zurfin rawaya, kuma galibi ma har da kwari ja masu haske da ɗigon duhu, ɓangaren baki da ƙafafu.

Wani fasalin fasalin kayan mafi yawan nau'ikan 'ladybugs' dige ne (aibobi). Za a iya samun daga biyu zuwa goma sha bakwai, a wasu lokuta ma fiye da, yanki. Iyalan ladybug da kanta sun kasu kashi bakwai. Kuma mafi ban sha'awa daga cikin nau'ikan tare da wasu ƙari za'a ambata a ƙasa.

  • Bakwai mai tabo - iri-iri da suka fi yaduwa a cikin yankin Turai. Girman wakilansa yawanci bai fi 8 mm ba. Rigar ta ja mai haske, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, an yi mata alama da launuka baƙi bakwai.

Elytra dinsa an kawata shi da manyan alamomi baƙaƙe guda uku kuma ɗayan ya tsaya a gaban bayan baya. Kari a kan haka, a gindin wadannan halittun akwai kanana guda biyu, masu daidaitattun wurare, fararen fata.

Bakwai mai tabo

  • Ma'aurata masu maki biyu... Tsawon wannan karamar halittar rabin santimita ne kawai. Irin waɗannan kwari suna rayuwa ba wai kawai a nahiyar Turai ba, har ma a Arewacin Amurka.

A Latvia, waɗannan mambobin masarautar dabbobin an ayyana su a matsayin ƙwararrun ƙasashe a hukumance kusan kusan shekaru talatin. Launukan su an yi su ne da launuka masu duhu ja da baƙi.

  • Ladyan matan Asia... Wannan nau'ikan galibi ana raba shi gida biyu, waɗanda ke da sauƙin rarrabewa tsakanin kansu zalla ta waje ta launi. Ofayansu baƙar fata ne mai alamar orange-ja akan elytra da rawaya mai haske a gaba.

Akwai tabo 19 gaba ɗaya. Ɗayan yana da asalin asali mai launin rawaya, an yi masa ado da ƙananan da manyan ɗigon baƙin.

  • Mai canzawa saniya... Launin wannan ƙaramin membobin gidan ya ƙunshi yankuna rawaya-ja da baƙar fata. Baki shida masu kyau waɗanda suke ado da elytra suna da canji.

Wasu daga cikinsu na iya haɗuwa ko ma ba su nan gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan shanu suna zaune a Turai, kuma an ɗan jima yanzu an kawo su Amurka.

  • Madigo mara ma'ana tabbataccen tabbaci ne cewa ba duk nau'in kwari da aka bayyana yake da tabo ba. Gaskiya ne, wannan nau'ikan yana da wuya. Kayanta na iya zama ruwan kasa ko ja. Siriri kuma mai kyau villi yana rufe jikin irin waɗannan shanu.

  • Shuɗin shuɗi... Wannan nau'in yana da irin wannan inuwa mai ban mamaki. Wadannan ƙananan kwari, tsayin jikinsu yawanci bai wuce 4 mm ba, ana samun su a nahiyar ta Australia.

Shuɗin 'yar' shuɗi mai matukar wuya

A cikin hoton akwai 'yar tsinkayyar gyaɗa

Rayuwa da mazauni

Tabbas, irin waɗannan halittu na iya tashi, ana ma faɗin hakan a waƙoƙin ƙidayar yara. Kuma suna da fikafikai nau'i biyu. Gaskiya ne, na baya ne kaɗai ake daidaitawa don motsin iska, kuma waɗanda ke gaba a yayin juyin halitta sun juye zuwa tsayayyen kariya elytra.

Yanayi ya amintar da wannan daga kutsawar masu cutar fata kwari. yar tsana mai haske wanda zai iya tsoratar da masu farauta. Amma ba wai kawai canza launin sananne bane ke taka rawa a nan.

Ruwa na musamman na halitta wanda irin waɗannan kwari suka saki cikin tsammanin haɗari ya zama kyakkyawan kariya ga masu kawo hari. Yana da al'ada a kira shi madarar shanu.

Idan akwai wani hadari, sai Ladybug din ya fitar da wani takamaiman ruwa

Yana da wari mara daɗi, yana da guba, yana da launi mai launin rawaya, kuma yana ɗauke da cantharidin. Irin wannan madarar na tsoratar da duk masu cutar da kai, har ma da manyan tarantula. Kuma kusan babu wani mutum a cikin yanayi da zai iya taɓa tabon cutarwa mai lahani.

Koyaya, har yanzu akwai kwaron parasitic wanda irin waɗannan halittun basu da kariya. Waɗannan su ne dinocampuses. Sannu a hankali suna kashe shanun da kwarkwatarsu, suna sanya ƙwai a wurin, wanda ke lalata su yayin ci gaba.

Wurin zama na tsuntsaye sun dogara da jinsinsu. Wasu daga cikinsu sun dace da zama cikin makiyaya kusa da rafuka da rafuka; wasu kuma zasu iya wanzuwa ne kawai a bishiyoyi. Akwai sanannun nau'ikan da ke rayuwa a kan wasu takamaiman nau'ikan flora, misali, tsire-tsire na ruwa, ciyayi, ciyawa, ciyawar filaye; wasu suna neman aphids saboda suna ciyar dasu.

Koyaya, 'yan matan fuka-fukai kowane iri ne ba na zamantakewa bane kuma sun fi so, a mafi yawancin, wanzuwar da take dabam da danginsu. Amma a wasu lokuta, suna karya wannan ƙa'idar. Misali, a lokacin kiwo ko lokacin da suka taru don zirga-zirgar hunturu a wani yanki na duniya inda babu sanyi.

Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan 'ladybugs' daban-daban suna amfani da lokacin sanyi a yadda suke so. Wadanda suka saba da rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu yanayi kuma basa zama yawanci sukan zabi mafaka masu kyau daga iska da sanyi: filaye, garages, sheds, gidaje.

Wasu lokuta, don neman mafaka, suna haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi, har ma da manyan al'ummomi, yawan mutane wanda aka kiyasta kimanin dubun miliyoyi. A lokacin hunturu, za su iya ɓuya a cikin tarin ganye, haushi, da tarkacen duwatsu.

Gina Jiki

Waɗannan halittu, masu zaman lafiya ne ga mutane, suna da haɗari ga ƙwayoyin halittar da suke girmansu da nau'ikan su kuma masu saurin farauta ne. Amma koda tare da yawan su, suna kawo fa'ida ga mutum. Bayan duk wannan, waɗanda ake ci ana ɗaukarsu kwarrai da cutarwa.

Me 'yan kwalliya ke ci? Suna lalata yawancin aphids (baligi na iya cin kusan ɗari daga gare su kowace rana), suna cin wasu kwari, ƙwai, da kuma kwari, pupae har ma da butterflies.

Sabili da haka, don adana ƙasar noma, da gangan ana kiwon fuka-fukai tare da jefar da jiragen sama da yawa. Idan basu da isasshen abinci, da farin ciki zasu ɗora kansu akan ƙwai sanannen kwaron dankalin turawa - dankalin turawa na Colorado.

Amma akwai jinsunan waɗannan kwari waɗanda a cikin abincinsu kawai ake ci abinci na tsire-tsire: furanni, ganye, pollen, a wasu yanayi - 'ya'yan itacen shuke-shuke, namomin kaza. Don haka hakika wasu lokuta suna zama babbar matsala, suna haifar da lalacewar gonaki da albarkatun gona da ke tsiro a kansu.

Duk da haka, irin waɗannan nau'ikan sun fi yawa a kudancin Asiya. A cikin Rasha, suna wanzuwa (alal misali, alfalfa da 'yan madigo marasa tabo), amma ba safai ba.

Wasu suna danganta wannan kwaro da wata kwaro, saboda kawai ya rikice da wasu. Misali, akwai kwari, yar tsana... Wannan epilahna ce. Tana cin saman dankalin turawa, tana cutar tumatir, kabewa, masara, kokwamba.

Akwai kwari masu kama da ladybug, epilyakhny

An kuma kira shi dankalin turawa. Ya bambanta da kwatancen kwatancin da aka bayyana ta wurin rashin kyawun launukan kayan, yawan yadudduka (kusan 28 daga cikinsu), kuma idan aka bincika sosai, za a ga siririn fatun fari a jiki.

Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai

Da zaran wadannan kwari suka sami damar motsawa daga juyawar hunturu da juyawa, tashi ko rashin nutsuwa, ilhali zai fara tunzura su su hayayyafa irin nasu. Kuma sun wuce wannan tsari a wani wuri a tsakiyar bazara.

Abubuwan da aka kirkira (galibi mutane ba ƙarancin watanni 3 ko watanni shida ba) suna shirya don saduwa. Maza, suna yin biyayya ga tsarin halitta, suna samo wa kansu abokan tarayya ta hanyar ƙanshinsu na musamman. Ya zo daga takamaiman sirri na mata.

Bugu da ari, matan suna haɗe da nasu, ƙuntata a ƙarshen kuma suna da siffar oval, ƙwai zuwa ganyen shuke-shuke daga baya. Da gangan Ladybugs ya zaɓi waɗancan wuraren da aka shirya wadataccen abinci don zuriya ta gaba, galibi a cikin tsakiyar ƙauyukan ƙwarin da suka dace da abinci, alal misali, aphids.

Kwan kwan shanu farare ne, ko lemo ko kuma mai launin rawaya, kuma yawansu na iya kaiwa kusan dari hudu a hade daya.

Akwai ƙwai ɗari da yawa a cikin kama.

Abin baƙin cikin shine, bayan ta gama aikinta, matar ta mutu. Amma rayuwa tana ci gaba, saboda ba da daɗewa ba (ba daɗewa ba bayan makonni biyu) ƙyanƙyashe mai kama-da-wane ko ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai daga ƙwai.

Launinsu ya banbanta kuma nau'ikan abun ne na baƙar fata, fari, amma mafi yawan wuraren lemu da rawaya. Kuma a cikin wasu nau'in shanu, larvae an rufe su da kyawawan gashi ko bristles.

Da farko, har tsawon rayuwa, sun wadatar da wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ƙwarjin ƙwai nasu ya ƙunsa. Amma bayan fewan kwanaki, kwalliyar nan gaba za ta fara wargaza kwari. Laraya daga cikin tsutsa na iya haɗiye kimanin aphids hamsin kowace rana.

Har ila yau, tsutsa na Ladybug ma tana ciyarwa akan aphids

Kuma yawancin su da sauri suna ma'amala da dukkanin yankuna. Wata daya ko biyu sun shude bayan jikewa da ci gaba, sannan wani matakin ya fara - almajiri.

A wannan lokacin ne ake samarda dukkan sassan jikin saniyar manya. Tana fitowa daga pupa a cikin mako ɗaya ko kwana 10. Rayuwar matar kidan mai gajarta ce sosai. Zai iya zama watanni 10 ne kawai, amma idan mutum bai rasa abinci ba, a wasu lokuta sai a tsawaita shi zuwa shekaru biyu.

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