Gwanin griffon na Ruppel ya tashi a kan iyakar mita 11,300. Wannan shine mafi tsuntsu mai tashi sama. Koyaya, wuyan Ruppel mai ɗauke da sunan masanin kimiyar dabbobi na Jamus ba ƙaura ba ne. Wanda yake da fuka-fuki yana rayuwa, kodayake yana arewacin arewacin, amma a Afirka. Babu buƙatar "gudu" daga sanyi.
Daga gare su ne duk tsuntsayen masu ƙaura suke ɓoyewa. Wasu daga cikinsu suna tsoron sanyi kanta. Wasu kuma ba sa iya ciyarwa in babu kwari. Daga cikin tsuntsayen masu ƙaura, a hanya, har ila yau akwai zakarun da ke can nesa. Wasu garken suna daga kasa kuma ba a gani.
Gwanin launin toka
Mafi yawan lokaci tsuntsayen ƙaura ci gaba a tsawan kusan mita 1500. Lokaci-lokaci, kwanya suna sauka yayin hutawa. Daga cikin tsuntsaye masu tashi, tsuntsaye masu launin toka sune na biyu mafi girma, a cikin ɗimbin yawa.
Wurin farko an raba shi ta hanyar siwan, condor, albatross. Kowane ɗayan cikin ɗayan ɗayan ɗayan ɗayan na ɗayan na ɗaurawa yana samun kusan kilo 15. Nauyin crane mai toka yana kusan kilo 13.
Himalayas suna tsaye a kan hanyar jirgin ɓarari masu launin toka. Ba za a iya tsalle su a tsayin mita 1500 ba. A nan kwalliyar ta tashi kilomita 10.5. An saka girar mai launin toka a cikin Littafin Ruwa na Duniya.
Girman yawan mutane ya "ruɓe" saboda yawan ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutane. Tsuntsaye suna mutuwa daga magungunan ƙwari, haka kuma ba sa samun wuraren yin gida, saboda fadama, waɗanda ƙaunatattu ke ƙaunata, suna malalewa.
Tsaunin dutse
Tana samun kusan kilomita 9 a tsayi. Don haka gashin fuka-fuki yakan ratsa Dutsen Everest. Iskar dake saman sa siririya ce Saboda haka, dutsen tsaunin yana da huhu mai yawa. Sun fi na sauran geese sau 2. A waje, dutsen tsaunin ya banbanta da danginsa ta ratsiyoyi guda biyu masu baki daga idanuwa zuwa bayan kai.
Kan kansa fari ne. Akwai fuka-fukai masu launin ruwan kasa a wuya da nono. Jikin tsuntsun galibi launin toka ne. Dutsen geese a duniya kusan mutane dubu 15 ne. Sabili da haka, an sanya nau'in nau'in matsayin kiyayewa.
Rariya
Daga cikin swans, shine mafi yawa kuma ɗayan mafi girma. Tsuntsun ya kai kilo 13. A lokaci guda, swan ya hau zuwa sama zuwa mita 8300. Whooper swan yana da farin-dusar ƙanƙara. Cikakken fari shima yana da sikanin tundra, amma ya fi karami. Hakanan akwai tsuntsayen bakake baki ɗaya, tare da baƙin wuya,
Ba duk yan damfara bane suke zuwa kudu a lokacin hunturu. Tsuntsaye suna zama idan akwai wadataccen abinci da ɗan dumi. Dangane da haka, salon zama na yau da kullun yakan jagoranci swans waɗanda suka zauna kusa da tashar wutar lantarki. Akwai jikin ruwa wanda yake da dumi duk shekara.
Mallard
Wannan duck ya fi son yin hunturu a Spain. Wasu mallards, kamar tsunkule swans, suna zama idan yanayi ya bada dama. A cikin biranen da ke kan koguna waɗanda tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki suka toshe, ana ciyar da agwagwa, kuma a cikin ruwan dumi akwai wadataccen kifi, crustaceans, algae.
A cikin gudu, mallard ya tashi mita dubu 6.5. Neckaƙƙarƙƙƙen wuya yana taimakawa cikin tashi. Yana da ƙananan vertebrae 25. Rakumin dawa yana da ƙasa da sau 2.
Dogara sanda
A lokacin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, an cinye tsayin kilomita 6.1 a gare shi. Zagowaron ya yi tafiyar kilomita dubu 11 ba tare da ya sauka ba. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ke kan Tekun Fasifik. Shrew din yana da nauyin gram 300. Tare da karamin taro da kitsen mai mai ƙona yayin tuƙi, tsuntsu bai kamata ya tashi kilomita dubu 11 ba tare da saukowa ba.
Wannan tabbas mutuwa ce. Jigon sandar zai wuce shi, yantar da hanji kafin jirgin. A lokacin sa, gabobin narkewar abinci suna atrophy. Amfani shine amfani da makamashi na tattalin arziki. Tsawon awa daya na tashi, tsuntsun ya rasa kashi 0.40% na nauyin jikinsa. Yawancin ƙananan tsuntsaye suna barin 1.5-2%.
Aerodynamics na jiki yana taimakawa ga doguwar tashi ta dunƙule. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka binciki tsawon lokacin tsuntsayen, sai aka dasa masu watsawa a cikin mata biyu, kuma maza suna manne a jikinsu kawai. Maza sun mutu yayin jirgin. Masu watsawa sun rage aerodynamics na sandunan motsi a jirgin.
Farar farar fata
Hanyoyin tsuntsayen ƙaura shimfida tsakanin Turai, Asiya da Afirka. A karshen, tsuntsaye hibernate. A cikin jirgin, duwaiwan sun kai kilomita dubu 4.9. Tsuntsayen suna tafe a garkame. Kowannensu yana dauke da mutane kusan dubu 1. Baya ga farin stork, akwai wasu nau'ikan 6. Ba duka ke yin kaura ba. Misali stork marabou, mara nutsuwa ne.
Songbird
Bai bambanta a tsayin jirgin ba, amma yana haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan gudu - har zuwa mita 24 a sakan ɗaya. Sararin waƙar na mai wucewa ne, kuma, daidai da haka, ƙarami ne. Tsayin tsuntsun bai wuce santimita 28 ba. Nauyin ya kai kusan gram 50.
A waje, ana rarrabe wakar ta launin toka, gefen fukafukai, mai gida mai kusurwa hudu, gajerun kafafu da baki. Idanun fuka-fukan suma an saita su a gefen kai. Saboda haka, don neman abinci, thrarfin ya karkatar da shi gaba, amma zuwa gefe.
Robin
Tsuntsayen ƙaura suna tashi a tsayin kilomita ɗaya a keɓe mai kyau. Robananan kaya ba sa yawo a cikin garken. Koyaya, a ƙasa, tsuntsaye suma suna ajiye ɗaya bayan ɗaya. A Robin ne karami fiye da sparrow, nasa ne da blackbirds. An rarrabe tsuntsun da idanuwan baƙar fata da baki. Fureyen zaitun masu toka. Nono da bangaren gaba ja-ja ne.
Ana samun 'yan fashi a cikin birane saboda basa jin tsoron mutane. Duk da haka, tsuntsaye ba su da kyau. Sabili da haka, akan siyar da meloan sandar raira waƙa mai daɗi, mai kama da nightingales, ba za a iya samun su ba.
Oriole
Tana tashi sama a kusan kilomita. A cikin awa ɗaya, Oriole ya shawo kan kilomita 40-45. Baya ga saurin gudu, ana rarrabe jirgi da yanayin motsi. Oriole ya fi girma girma fiye da tauraruwa. Koyaya, ana hango tsuntsu daga nesa, tunda yana da launi mai haske.
Akwai nau'ikan ivolog iri-iri gaba ɗaya kuma rawaya. Launi ne na zinariya, cikakken.Tsuntsayen ƙaura a cikin kaka tafi daga Turai zuwa Afirka. Can tsuntsayen suka tsaya a gefen kudu na Sahara.
Dokin daji
Ba a samun wannan tsuntsu mai tsayin 15 cm kawai a sanduna. A cikin yankuna masu dumi, wasan skates suna zaune. Sauran mutanen suna ƙaura ne. Akwai kusan nau'ikan sket 40 a cikin yanayi.
Bambance-bambancen dake tsakaninsu basu da karfi. A wasu lokuta, hatta masu lura da tsuntsaye suna rikicewa game da ma'anar tsuntsu. Bambance-bambance tsakanin skates suma basu da haske. Babu shakka, kowane nau'i yana da yanayi na musamman na waƙa. Skates an ƙaddara ta shi. Sai kawai suna da wuya su raira waƙa akan buƙata.
Lark
Rukunin tsuntsayen ƙaura rike a tsawan mita 1900. Jirgin yana da sauri. Yana taimakawa tsarin jiki. Babban lark din yana da gajeren wutsiya, kuma fikafikan tsuntsu mai nauyin gram 70 babba ne, yana shara. Lumbin naman lark yana kwaikwayon launin ƙasa. A kan yankuna chernozem, tsuntsaye suna da duhu, kuma a kan yumɓu, suna da ja.
Wannan yana ba ku damar sake kamanni yayin neman abinci a ƙasa. Larks suna cikin farkon waɗanda zasu dawo daga ƙasashe masu dumi, suna masu sanarwar zuwan bazara. A cikin damuna masu dumi, tsuntsaye suna zuwa karshen watan Fabrairu.
Yin kwalliya
Yana tashi low, amma ana rarrabe shi ta hanyan motsi. Sabili da haka, mafarauta ba sa cika harbin dabbar. Tsuntsayen sun kauce daga harbin. Lapwings sunfi nau'i 20. Suna cikin dangin plover. Daga cikin dangi, cincin ya fi girma.
A Rasha, alal misali, tsirrai masu tsalle-tsalle suna da tsawon kusan santimita 30. Tsuntsayen yana da nauyin gram 250-330. Yawancin filawowi suna da tuffa a kawunansu. Banda shine bayyanar soja. Wakilan ta kuma sune mafi girma, masu nauyin gram 450.
Haɗa
Swallow wata amsa ce ga tambayar wacce tsuntsaye ke kaura... Garkunan dabbobi suna matsawa kudu a tsawan kusan mita dubu 4. Koyaya, haɗiyar ba ta da bambanci a cikin sauri; sun rufe bai wuce kilomita 10 a awa ɗaya ba. Swallows tsuntsaye ne na tsarin wucewa. Sunan mai gashin fuka-fukai ya fito ne daga Slavic na ƙarshe "na ƙarshe". Fi'ili yana nufin tashi da baya.
Akwai nau'ikan haɗiye 4. Baƙin katako mai katako mai launin ruwan hoda. Haɗa ƙasa tana da launin ruwan kasa-toka mai fari da ciki, nono, gutsure a wuya da kai.
Ana rarrabe tsuntsaye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta baya-baya da fikafikansu. Ciki ruwan hoda ne. Wakilan jinsunan birane suna kama da na karkara, amma tare da farin nono.
Accwararren gandun daji
Wannan tsuntsu ne na umarnin wucewa, mai nauyin gram 25, ba a bayyana a zahiri. Accentor kuskure ne don murfin warbler, bututun gandun daji, warbler, lark da kuma irin gwarazan. Yawancin lokaci masanan kimiyyar gargajiya ne kaɗai za su iya nuna nau'in.
Accentor na iya ƙi tashi idan yana zaune a yankuna masu dumi da yanayi. Tsuntsayen jinsunan sun dace da sauya abincin bazara daga kwari zuwa abincin hunturu daga ragowar ciyayi, 'ya'yan itace, da goro. Observedarancin abinci tare da tsire-tsire a cikin hunturu ana lura dashi ne kawai a yankunan arewacin. Daga can, entararren Motsa hanzari zuwa kudu.
Black sauri
Ba shi kawai baƙi ba ne, amma har ma ya fi tashi, ƙila ba zai iya zama a ƙasa ba tsawon shekaru 4. Fuka-fukai basu dace da jiki ba. Tsawon su ya kai santimita 40. Tsawon jiki na baƙar sauri da sauri bai wuce santimita 18 ba.
Gudun gram hamsin ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin fuka-fuki ba, har ma a cikin rayuwar rayuwa. Yunkurin yakan bar shekaru goma na uku. Don ƙaramin tsuntsaye, wannan kusan iyakar tsawon rai.
Wren
Yana daya daga cikin kananan tsuntsaye a doron kasa. Don dabino, wren yana gasa tare da hummingbirds, sarakuna. Tsawon wren bai wuce santimita 12 ba, yayi kimanin gram 10. A waje, tsuntsun dam ne, zagaye, tare da gajeren wuya.
Akwai nau'ikan wrens da yawa. A cikin yankuna masu dumi, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa duk shekara. Koyaya, wani lokacin ba yanayi bane yake tsoma rayuwa. Wannan shine yadda jirgin saman New Zealand ya ɓace. A cikin yankuna da ya mamaye, musamman, Tsibirin Stevens, babu masu farautar ƙasar.
An sake ginin fitila. An nada mai kula a wurin. Mutumin ya zo da kyanwa mai suna Tibble. Kyanwa ta kashe mutane da yawa a New Zealand. Yanzu ana iya ganin wannan ra'ayi a cikin hotuna da zane.
Reed farauta
Ana kuma kiransa da reed. Abu ne mai sauki ga tsuntsayen centimita goma sha shida masu launin launin ruwan kasa-kasa su buya a tsakanin ciyayin. Oatmeal na Reed yana da nauyin gram 15. Dogon jirgi tare da irin wannan taro yana da wahala. Sabili da haka, bayar da izinin yanayi, buntings suna zama.
Lokacin da karfin hunturu, tsuntsayen suke yawo, ma'ana, suna tafiya a cikin yanki daya, kasar. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku kawai na ƙaura suna cikin ƙaura, wanda aka aika zuwa wasu jihohi, zuwa wasu nahiyoyi.
Klintukh
Wannan kurciya ce ta daji. Yana da duwawun duhu. A wannan, daddawa ta bambanta da launin ruwan kasa, kurciya. Sun fi son zama a cikin gida mai fadi. Klintukhs sun fi yawa a yankunan tsaunuka, nesa da mutane.
Yayin tashin jirgi, cintuchs suna cikin garken tumaki, galibi amma da ƙarfi suna fika fikafikan su, suna tafiyar kusan kilomita 30 cikin sa'a ɗaya.
Finch
Ba duka ba tsuntsayen ƙaura suna tafiya mai nisa... Wani ɓangare na yawan finch yana da nutsuwa. Musamman ma, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa shekara-shekara a cikin tsaunukan Caucasus. Idan finch tashi daga lokacin hunturu, to ba zasu tafi Afirka ba, amma zuwa Turai. A can tsibirin yana da sha'awar yankin Bahar Rum.
Finch tsuntsu ne mai finch, girman girman gwara. Launin kai da wuya na gashin tsuntsu shudiya-shuɗi. Gaban goshi da wutsiyar finch baƙi ne. Kirji, makogwaro da kunci ja-burgundy ne. Finchi ya narke kafin ya tashi kudu. Launuka sun dusashe. Finchi sun fi launin ruwan kasa a lokacin hunturu.
.Ulla
Yana nufin makirci. Jinsi ne. Iyali na masu plovers suna da kunnen doki. Daga cikin su, mai gashin fuka-fukin yana tsaye tare da ratsi mai baƙar fata a wuyansa. Alamar tayi kama da taye. Gaban goshi, makogwaro, nono, abubuwan da ke karkashin ciki da kuma kunnen doki fari ne.
Sauran plumage suna da launin ruwan kasa-smoky. Bakin-baka da kujerun taye rawaya ne, amma suna shuɗewa zuwa yankuna masu dumi. Launukan fuka-fukan suma sun dusashe. Kunci, musamman, ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma baya ya yi duhu.
Ryabinnik
Wannan babban wakili ne na baƙar fata. Tsuntsun yana da kalar toka da wutsiyar sama. Baya na fuka-fuki daya launin ruwan kasa ne. Wutsiyar filin filin baƙar fata ce A cikin gudu, ana ganin farin hamata a filin filin. Tsuntsaye suna nuna su, suna ƙaura zuwa arewacin Afirka, Asiya orarama don hunturu.
Sake farawa
Tsuntsu mai tsawon santimita goma sha biyar na umarnin mai wucewa yana da rarar ragi da yawa. A cikin Rasha, akwai 3: Siberian, chernushka da lambu. Latterarshen yana son bishiyoyin bishiyoyi tare da ramuka. Siberian redstart, a gefe guda, ya fi son zama a cikin dazuzzuka da yawa. Nigella yana jan hankali zuwa shimfidar shimfidar dutse.
Ana kiran tsuntsuwar da jan kafa saboda tana da jelar jan-lemu. Ciki, nono da gefuna launuka ne masu dacewa da shi, kuma jikin na sama launin toka ne tare da feshin ruwan kasa da fari. A lokacin kaka, jajayen jajaye suna tururuwa zuwa Afirka da Tsibirin Larabawa. A can tsuntsayen kan samo kwari - tushen abincinsu.
Malamar dare
Tsuntsu launin ruwan kasa ne kwatankwacin, girman girman gwara. Wakar Melodic tana kara kyau. Ba za ku iya ji shi a lokacin hunturu ba - maraice yawo kudu. Nightingales suna zuwa lokacin da suka fara buɗe ganyen farko.
Tsuntsayen sa suna tare da abubuwan motsa jiki dare da rana. Yayinda rana ta fadi, sautukan dajin galibi suna sauka. Sabili da haka, ana jin waƙar dare da dare musamman a sarari.
Warbler
Mai tatsuniyar waka ya fi gwarare. Tsayin tsuntsun bai wuce santimita 13 ba. Tsawon fikafikan yakai santimita 17. Gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsu mai yashi-ruwan-kasa ne, a wuraren zaitun. Hakanan ana rarrabe warbler ta bakin siriri, bakin ƙura. Baƙar fata ne,
Wryneck
Yana nufin masu katako. Mafi yawansu suna yin ramuka a cikin bishiyoyi don yin sheƙu. Thean sauyawa yana amfani da ramuka na masu haɗuwa. Wuya tana da dogon wuya da sassauƙa. Kullum tana juyawa.
Saboda haka sunan tsuntsu. Ta juya wuyanta, tana neman kwari da kare kanta. A lokaci guda, makiya suna rikita fuka-fukai da maciji. Don sanya shi mai gamsarwa, mai juyawa ya koya ya yi dariya.
Otunƙwasa
Otsoyo - baƙin tsuntsayen ƙaura... Sun fito ne daga dangin makiyaya, suna rayuwar rayuwar dabbobi. Akwai ci gaban fata sama da gashin baki. Ba shi da fuka-fukai. Sai dai itace cewa tsuntsun yana da goshin aski. Saboda haka sunan nau'in.
Girman fata na samarin kokowa ja ne. A cikin manyan tsuntsaye, samuwar ta zama fari. A lokaci guda, iris na idanu ya kasance ja wur.
Tsawon coot din yakai kimanin santimita 40. Tsuntsayen ya kai kilogram 0.5. Wasu lokuta ana samun samfurin kilogram daya da rabi. Coot yana zuwa yankuna masu dumi bayan sanyi na farko. Ice akan jikin ruwa ya zama "turawa" don tashi sama. Wannan yana da wahalar kifi, cin algae.
Tern
Yana da bakin lemo mai haske da ƙafa. Tern yana da baƙar fata a kansa. A ƙasa yana da farin farin, yana wucewa zuwa wutsiya a cikin launin toka. Tsawon tern din yakai kimanin santimita 30. Tsuntsayen ya kai kimanin gram 130.
Terns ya zauna akan ruwan da ke ƙasa. Tsuntsaye suna motsawa mil 100 daga bakin teku. Wannan kusan kilomita 182 ne.
Cuckoo
Shima na ƙaura ne. Sabili da haka, zaku iya juya zuwa cuckoo tare da sanannun tambaya kawai a cikin lokacin dumi. Sannan tsuntsayen suna tafiya zuwa Afirka, zuwa Yankin Larabawa, zuwa Indonesia, Indochina, zuwa Ceylon.
Tsayin jirgin cuckoo ya bambanta tsakanin dare da rana. A lokacin da hasken rana yake, tsuntsayen suna da severalari da ɗari sama da ƙasa. Samun abinci anan yafi sauki. Da dare, kullun suna tashi a tsawan kilomita.
Da wuya kullun ke tsayawa a hanya. An zaɓi wurin zuwa dangane da wurin zama na bazara. Don haka daga Turai, cuckoos sun fi son ƙaura zuwa Afirka. Tsuntsayen yankuna na gabas suna tashi zuwa Asiya.
Kwarin ne tsuntsayen da suka fara ƙaura daga gidajensu. Sannan waɗanda suka ci sabbin ganye, 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itace suna tashi. Waterfowl sune na ƙarshe da suka bari. Hakanan akwai tsari a cikin girman. Manyan tsuntsayen sun fi tsayi a wuraren da ke sheƙa. Birdsananan tsuntsaye suna tashi kudu tare da farkon kwanakin kaka.
