Na waje kadangarar pangolin yana da bayyananniyar bayyanar. Dabba mai shayarwa tana da siffa kamar dabbar daji wacce aka rufe ta da ma'aunin abarba. Haɗuwa da irin wannan mu'ujiza kamar shiga cikin yanayin zamanin da.
Dabbar tana cikin jerin abubuwan da suka shafi cymolestes, kamar yadda aka yi amannar, dadaddun halittu a zamanin Miocene. Har yanzu ba a gama amfani da asalin zuriya ba.
Bayani da fasali
Sunan Pangolin magana - fassara daga yaren Malay na nufin "ƙirƙirar ƙwallo". Sinawa sun ba da hankali ga sifofin halittu masu rarrafe da kifi a cikin kamannin dabba, don haka suka dauke ta a matsayin kaguwa.
Tsoffin Romawa sun ga kadojin ƙasa a cikin kayan masarufi. Yawancin fasalulluka, musamman, hanyar ciyarwa, suna kawo dabbobi kusa da armadillos, masu cin abincin dabbobi.
Mizanin lamel na siffar rhombic suna da wuyar gaske, kama da sulke. Sikeli masu nauyi sun hada da keratin. Wannan abu yana a gindin ƙusoshin mutum, gashi, kuma wani ɓangare ne na ƙahonnin karkanda. Gefen farantin suna da kaifi har suna yanka kamar ruwan wukake.
Ana sabunta su akan lokaci. Harsashi mai kaifi da kaifi yana kiyaye dabbobi. A cikin haɗari, pangolin ya murɗa cikin ƙwarƙwara mai ƙarfi, dabba ta ɓoye kanta ƙarƙashin wutsiya. Yankunan da ba su da ma'auni - ciki, hanci, ɓangarorin ciki na ƙafafun, suma suna cikin ƙwallon. An rufe su da gajeren gashi tare da gashi mara ƙarfi.
Lokacin da dabbar ta birgeshi, sai ya zama kamar mazugi na spruce ko babban atishoki. Sikeli na Pangolin na wayoyin hannu, suna ɗorawa juna kamar shingles, baya tsoma baki tare da motsin pangolin.
Jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa yana da tsawon cm 30 zuwa 90. Wutsiyar ta yi daidai da tsayi da jiki, tana aiwatar da ayyukan kamawa - pangolins na iya rataya a kanta daga rassan bishiyoyi. Nauyin dabbobi ya dace da girman - daga 4.5 zuwa 30 kg. Mizanin kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na jimlar nauyin dabbar. Mata sun fi na maza ƙanƙan.
Limasussukan ƙarfi suna gajere, biyar-ƙafa. Kafafun gaba sun fi na baya karfi. Kowane yatsa ya cika da babban ƙaho mai huɗa don haƙa wuraren tururuwa. Tsawan ƙafafun tsakiya sun kai 7.5 cm, saboda su suna tsoma baki tare da motsi lokacin tafiya pangolin tanƙwara ƙafafun gaba.
Kunkuntar bakin bakin dabbar yana da tsayi, a saman akwai bude baki tare da rasa hakora. Unƙarar tsakuwa da yashi suna ba da niƙa abinci. A cikin ciki, suna niƙa abubuwan ciki, jimre wa aiki. Daga ciki, ana kiyaye ganuwar ta epithelium mai keratinized, sanye take da ninki tare da haƙoran hakora.
Idanun ƙanana ne, an rufe su daga kwari ta lokacin ƙyallen ido. Kunnuwa sun ɓace ko ƙwarewa. Harshen kaɗan kadangare yana da tsayi da ban mamaki, har zuwa 40 cm, an rufe shi da miyau mai ɗaci. Dabba na iya shimfida harshe, yana mai da shi siriri har zuwa 0.5 cm.
Motocin motsa jiki don sarrafa harshe suna bi ta ramin kirji zuwa ƙashin dabbar.
Launin Sikeli galibi launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne, wanda ke taimaka wa dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin yanayin wurin. Pangolins ba su da 'yan maƙiyi kaɗan saboda garkuwar abin dogaro, iyawa, kamar sandunansu, don fitar da ruwa tare da wari mara daɗi. Kuraye, manyan dabbobi masu cin abincin dangi, na iya jimre wa kadangarun.
Babban abokin gaba na kadangaru shine mutum. Ana farautar dabbobi don nama, sikeli da fatu. A wasu ƙasashen Afirka, China, Vietnam, gidajen abinci suna siyan pangolins don jita-jita masu ban sha'awa.
A cikin al'adun gargajiya na Asiya, sikelin kadangaru na magani, wanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen hallaka dabbobi. Yawancin nau'ikan pangolins sun zama nau'ikan karewa. Saurin girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa, matsalolin ci gaba da zama a cikin fursuna saboda halaye masu gina jiki, ke haifar da bacewar sannu a hankali wasu baƙi mazaunan duniya.
Nau'in pangolin
Nau'ikan mutane takwas wadanda ba a cika samun su ba game da tsarin dabbar ta bandeji sun wanzu. Bambanci a cikin dabbobin Afirka da Asiya ana bayyana su a cikin lamba da sikeli na sikeli, yawaitar harsashi mai kariya, da bambancin launi. Mafi yawan binciken sune jinsuna bakwai.
Nau'ukan Asiya ba su da yawa, tare da tsire-tsire masu ulu a gizan samfuran. An samo shi a kan gangaren tsaunuka, a cikin makiyaya, a cikin dazuzzuka masu dausayi. Rare, ƙananan jama'a.
Zardadangaren ƙasar Sin. Jikin dabbar yana zagaye da launin tagulla. Tsawon ya kai cm 60. Yana zaune a yankin Arewacin Indiya, China, Nepal. Babban fasalin shine kasancewar ingantattun auricles, wanda ake yiwa dabbar lakabi da pangolin mai kunne. Motsawa a ƙasa, amma hawa bishiyar idan akwai haɗari.
Lizran Indiya. Yana jagorantar rayuwar duniya a cikin tsaunuka, a filayen Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India. Tsawon kadangarun ya kai cm 75. Launi mai launin rawaya-rawaya.
Kadangaren Javanese. Ya sauka a cikin gandun daji na Thailand, Vietnam da sauran ƙasashe na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Yana zaune a cikin Filipinas, tsibirin Java. Wani fasali daban shine cewa mata sun fi na maza girma. Dabbobi suna motsawa gaba ɗaya a ƙasa da bishiyoyi.
Pangolins na Afirka sun fi dangin Asiya girma. Nau'ikan kadangaru 4, na duniya da na arboreal, ana yin karatun su sosai.
Steppe (savannah) ƙadangare. Mazaunin yankuna masu tudu na kudu maso gabashin Afirka. Launi na ma'auni shine launin ruwan kasa. Girman manya ya kai cm 50-55. Suna haƙa rami da yawa mita da yawa. A cikin zurfin matsugunin, akwai babban ɗaki, wanda girmansa ya ba mutum damar dacewa.
Kadan kadangarun. A tsawon, maza na pangolins sun kai mita 1.4, mata ba su wuce mita 1.25 ba .. Nauyin babban mutum shine 30-33 kilogiram. Babu kusan ulu Wani abu na musamman shine gaban gashin ido. Manyan kadangaru masu launi ja-kasa-kasa. Gidan mazaunin katuwar Pangolins yana gefen mahaɗar yamma Afirka, Uganda.
Zardadangare mai dogon lokaci. Ya fi son rayuwar katako. Ya bambanta daga masu haɗuwa a cikin mafi tsayi mafi tsawo na 47-49 vertebrae, yatsun kafa huɗu. Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka na Yammacin Afirka, a Senegal, Gambiya, Uganda, Angola.
Liadangaren farin ciki. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan pangolin a cikin ƙananan ma'auni. Ita ce pangolin mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda jikin ta ya kai tsawon 37-44 cm kuma nauyinta bai fi kilogiram 2.4 ba. Tsawon wutsiyar prehensile dangane da girman jiki yana da mahimmanci - har zuwa 50 cm.
Wakilan masu farin ciki suna zaune a dazukan Senegal, Zambiya, Kenya. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga farin launi na fata mara kariya a kan cikin dabbar. Sikeli na launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Kadangaren Filipino. Wasu kafofin suna rarrabe nau'ikan tsibirin pangolins - wanda ke da alaƙa da lardin Palawan.
Rayuwa da mazauni
A cikin yankin tsakiya da kudancin Afirka, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, mazaunin pangolins ya tattara. An fi son gandun dajin da aka bude, kofofin budewa, savannas don salon rayuwarsu. Kasancewar sirrin yana wahalar da karatun kadangaru. Abubuwa da yawa na rayuwarsu sun kasance abin ban mamaki.
Fiye da duka, kadangaru yana zaune a wurare masu arziki a tururuwa da tururuwa. Kwari sune babban abincin dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma kadangaru suna amfani da mazaunansu don tsarkakewa daga cutuka.
Pangolins suna hargitsi, buɗaɗɗun sikoki don isa ga mazauna cikin fushi. Yawancin tururuwa sun kai hari ga maharan, sun ciji fatar dabbar, kuma sun yayyafa ta da sinadarin acid. Pangolin yana yin aikin tsarkakewa.
Bayan kammala tsaftar tsafta, kadangaren yakan rufe ma'aunin, yana jujjuya kwari kamar a cikin tarko. Akwai hanyar gargajiya ta biyu ta hanyoyin tsabtace jiki - wanka a kai a kai a tafkunan.
Dabbobin dare suna rayuwa su kadai. Da rana, nau'ikan halittu na duniya suna buya a cikin kaburburan dabbobi, na arboreal suna ɓoye a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, suna rataye a kan wutsiyoyinsu tare da rassan, kusan haɗuwa da yanayin. An hau kan pangolins a jikin kututtukan tare da taimakon ƙusoshin gaba, ƙyallen wutsiya suna matsayin tallafi, tallafi a ɗagawa. Ba wai kawai hawa sama ba, har ma da iyo, kadangaru sun san yadda suka yi kyau.
Dabba yana da halin taka tsantsan, kadaici. Pangolin dabba ce mai nutsuwa, tana ihu da dariya kawai. Theadanganun suna motsawa a hankali, dabbar tana lanƙwashin faratansa, suna takawa a ƙasa tare da ɓangarorin waje na ƙafafunta. Yin tafiya a ƙafafunta na baya yana da sauri - a hanzari har zuwa 3-5 km / h.
Ba zai iya kubuta daga abokan gaba ba, don haka ya sami ceto jirgin ruwa na Pangolin sihiri juyawa cikin kwalla. Lokacin yunƙurin buɗewa, kadangarun ta fitar da wani sirri na sirri tare da ƙamshi mai zafi, wanda ke tsoratar da makiya.
Gani da jin maganganun dabaru ba su da mahimmanci, amma suna jin ƙanshi. Dukan hanyar rayuwa tana ƙarƙashin alamun sigina. Suna sanar da dangin su game da kasancewar su tare da alamun kamshi akan bishiyoyi.
Gina Jiki
Kadangaru na Pangolin dabbobi ne masu kwari. A tsakiyar abincin akwai nau'ikan kwari da kwari, ƙwai. Sauran abinci baya jan hankalin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Speciwarewar ƙarancin abinci, abinci mai ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗabi'a ya zama babban shinge don tsare dabbobi cikin gida, a gida.
Cikin dare, katuwar pangolin tana cin tururuwa har 200,000 yayin farauta. A cikin ciki, nauyin nauyin abincin kusan gram 700 ne. Dabba mai yunwa na iya lalata babban mulkin mallaka na tururuwa a cikin rabin sa'a, cike ciki da abinci har zuwa kilogiram 1.5-2. Abincin Pangolin daga kwari busasshe ne, saboda haka dabbobi suna bukatar samun ruwa a koda yaushe.
Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son zama a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi na wurare masu zafi. Kadangaru suna shan ruwa kamar dabbobin daji, tare da harshensu suna jike ana tsotsewa a cikin bakinsu.
Claarfin fika a ƙafafunsu na taimaka wa dabaru don halakar da ƙurar turɓayar ƙasa. Dabbar tana ci gaba da fasa ganuwar gidan tururuwa. Sannan ya binciki tururuwa da dogon harshe. Gwaran kadangaru yana da kamshi mai dadi irin na kamshin zuma.
Tururuwa suna manne da siraran harshe. Lokacin da suka ishe su, pangolin na jan harshenshi a cikin bakin, yana hadiye abincin. Idan ba za a iya shawo kan tururuwa a lokaci ɗaya ba, pangolin yana magance mulkin mallaka da miyau, kamar manne, don dawowa washegari don ganima.
Wata hanyar samun abinci daga pangolins na itace. Suna shiga cikin gidajen kwari a ƙarƙashin bawon bishiyoyi. Kadangaru da ke rataye a kan jelarsu suna kama wuraren tara ganima, suna cire ɓawon ƙaiƙayi tare da fika kuma suna yin harshe mai daɗi a ciki.
Daga cizon kwari, kadangarun tana rufe idanunta da gashin ido, kuma tsokoki na musamman na kare hancin hancin.
Baya ga tururuwa, kwatankwacin, wasu nau'ikan dabbar dabbar tana cin abincin kwarkwata, tsutsotsi, da ƙuda.
Peunƙarar tsakuwa da yashi suna ba da gudummawa wajen narkar da abinci. Suna nika kwari, da hakoran hakora a cikin ciki, kaitaccen epithelium daga ciki yana taimakawa narkar da abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin saduwa don pangolins yana farawa a kaka, a farkon Satumba. Tsawon lokacin haifuwa a cikin jinsunan Indiya ya kai kwana 70, a cikin tudu da ƙadangare masu fararen ciki - har zuwa kwanaki 140. Kadangaru na Afirka suna samun kamu ɗaya kowannensu, Asiya - har zuwa uku. Nauyin jarirai kusan 400 g, tsawon ya kai 18 cm.
Bayan haihuwa, sikelin 'ya'yan adon na taushi, suna da tauri bayan' yan kwanaki. Bayan makonni 2-3, jariran suna manne da jelar mahaifiya, bi shi har sai sun sami 'yanci. Ciyar kwari na farawa ne kimanin wata daya. Idan akwai haɗari, uwaye suna birgima game da jarirai. Pangolins sun balaga ta hanyar shekaru 2.
Rayuwar pangolins tana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 14. Kwararru kan kiwo suna kokarin kara yawan mutane, tsawaita rayuwar wadannan kadangaru masu ban mamaki, amma akwai matsaloli da yawa wajen samun lafiyayyun zuriyar wadannan dabbobin da ba safai ba.
Mutane da yawa sun sani pangolin a cikin hoton, amma babban abu shi ne adana shi a cikin yanayin muhalli, don kada tsohon tarihin kasancewar su ya yanke ta hanyar kuskuren mutum.
