Yawancin mutane masu camfi suna ɗaukar dabbobi na musamman tare da buɗe ido azaman baƙi masu ban mamaki daga wasu duniyoyin. Farkon haduwa da dabbobi na ban mamaki ya haifar da tsoro da firgici a cikin mutane. Aka sanya wa dabbar suna lemur, wanda ke nufin "fatalwa", "muguwar ruhu". Sunan ya kasance ga halittu marasa lahani.
Bayani da fasali
Lemur wata halitta ce mai ban mamaki ta yanayin rayuwa. Rarraba ilimin kimiya ya danganta shi ne ga birai masu hancin hanci. Fatauran da ba na yau da kullun ba sun bambanta a cikin sura da girman jiki. Manyan mutane na lemurids suna girma har zuwa mita 1, nauyin Primate ɗaya kusan kilogram 8 ne.
Dangi na nau'in dwarf kusan sau 5 ke ƙasa, nauyin mutum kawai gram 40-50 ne. Jikin dabbobi masu sassauci suna da dan tsawo, abin da aka fitar da kai yana da fasali mai kyau.
Muzzles din dabbobi kamar dawakai. A kansu vibrissae suna cikin layuka - gashi mai tauri, mai kulawa da duk abin da ke kusa. Buɗe idanun launin rawaya-ja, mafi sau da yawa launin ruwan kasa, suna a gaba. Suna ba dabba mamaki, ɗan firgita. Black lemurs suna da idanu masu launin sama waɗanda ba safai suke ga dabbobi ba.
Yawancin lemurs suna da doguwar jela waɗanda ke yin ayyuka daban-daban: riƙe bishiyoyi, daidaitawa a tsalle, suna zama alama ce ga dangi. Primates koyaushe suna lura da yanayin wutsiyar marmari.
Yatsun hannu biyar na sama da ƙananan ƙasan dabbobi an haɓaka don rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi. Babban yatsa yana juyawa daga sauran, wanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin dabbar. Wushin yatsan yatsan na biyu, wanda aka faɗaɗa a tsayi, ana amfani dashi don tsefe ulu mai kauri, wanda ake masa laƙabi da banɗaki.
Usoshin a kan sauran yatsun suna matsakaici a cikin girma. Yawancin jinsunan birrai suna kula da gashinsu da haƙoransu - suna cizon kansu da lasar kansu da abokan hulɗarsu.
Lemurs kyakkyawar masu hawa itace ne saboda yatsunsu masu ƙarfi da jela.
A lemurs, waɗanda galibi suna raye a kan rawanin dogayen bishiyoyi, ƙafafun kafa da kafa sun fi dogayen baya ƙarfi don ratayewa da mannewa da rassa. Magungunan "Terrestrial" sun banbanta, akasin haka, a cikin gaɓoɓin baya, waɗanda suka fi gaban tsawo.
Launin dabbobi ya bambanta: launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja, mai launi mai launi. Layuka masu fari da fari na fur a kan wutsiyar da aka toka sun yi ado da lemur ɗin da aka saka.
A dabi'a, birrai na nau'ikan halittu daban-daban suna da rayuwar dare da rana. Da farkon duhu, nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe, birrai masu siraran jiki, sun farka. Ihun firgici, ihun sadarwa ta dangi yana tsoratar da wadanda suka ji shi a karon farko.
Akwai nau'ikan lemurs daban-daban waɗanda suka bambanta da su da launi.
Indri lemurs sune mafi '' rana '' dangane da wuraren zama - galibi ana lura dasu suna zubewa cikin rana a cikin bishiyoyin daji.
Lemur indri
Lemur nau'in
Dangane da batun nau'ikan nau'ikan lemurs, tattaunawa mai ci gaba ta kasance, tunda an kirkiro rabe-raben masu zaman kansu daidai da tushen bayanai daban-daban. Ba a yarda da shi ba kasancewar yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu masu alaƙa da halaye iri ɗaya, amma siffofin da ke cikin girma, zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi, halaye na al'ada, salon rayuwa.
Madagascar aye. Firaministan na rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi, kusan ba ya sauka. Gashi mai kauri ruwan kasa mai duhu ne. A kan zagayen kai akwai lemu, wasu lokutan idanun rawaya, manyan kunnuwa masu kama da cokula.
Hakoran Madagascar aye na musamman ne - yanayin lanƙwasa na ƙwanƙolin ya fi girma fiye da yadda aka saba. Magungunan birrai sun zauna a yankunan daji na sassan arewa maso yamma na tsibirin, a cikin dazuzzuka na ɓangaren gabas.
Wani fasali na musamman na duniya shine kasancewar ɗan yatsa na bakin ciki wanda lemur ke fitar da tsutsa daga wurin fasa
Lemur na Pygmy. Abu ne mai sauki a gane farkon linzamin kwamfuta ta baya mai ruwan kasa, farin ciki mai inuwa mai kodadde. Girman dwarf primate yana kama da girman babban linzamin kwamfuta - tsawon jiki tare da jela yana da 17-19 cm, nauyi shine 30-40 g.
Hannun lemur na pygmy ya gajarta, idanun suna da girman gaske saboda duhun zobe da ke kewaye. Kunnuwa fata ne, kusan tsirara ne. Daga nesa, gwargwadon hanyar motsi, dabbar tana kama da sikirin talaka.
Lemur linzamin Pygmy
Mananan lemur. Dabbar tana da girman matsakaici, tsayin jikinsa yakai 26-29 cm.Gawar mutum kusan 1 kilogiram ce. Jawo mai launin ruwan kasa yana rufe baya; kusan ratsi mai baƙar fata yana gudana tare da tudu. Mananan lemurs masu haƙori suna aiki da dare kuma suna bacci a lokutan hasken rana.
Suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa na yankin kudu maso gabashin Madagascar. Abincin da aka fi so na firamaren shine ganye da ‘ya’yan itace masu zaƙi.
Mananan lemur
Lemur mai zobe. Daga cikin dangi, wannan sanannen sanannen sanannen. Sunan na biyun kuwa shi ne lemur mai yatsan zobe. Mazauna yankin suna kiran dabba katta ko poppies. Bayyanar ta yi kama da kyanwa ta yau da kullun tare da katuwar wutsiya.
Tsawon kayan adon lemur na daya bisa uku na nauyin jikinsa. Girman murfin wutsiya da girma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka sadarwa tare da maza masu takara da sauran dangi.
Launin catta lemurs galibi launin toka ne, wasu lokuta ana samun mutane masu launin ruwan hoda-mai-ruwan hoda. Ciki, gaɓoɓi sun fi baya baya, ƙafafu farare ne. Idanu a da'ira na ulu baƙar fata.
A cikin halayyar lemurs-tailed, ana nuna shi da ayyukan rana, tsaya a ƙasa. Cattas sun haɗu a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi, har zuwa mutane 30 sun haɗu a cikin iyali.
Akwai zobba goma sha uku masu launin fari da fari a kan wutsiyar lemur mai ɗaurin zobe
Lemur macaco. Manyan birai, har zuwa 45 cm tsayi, kusan nauyin su 3. Wutsiya ta fi jiki tsayi, ta kai cm 64. Ana bayyana dimorphism a cikin launin baƙar fata na maza, mata sun fi sauƙi - an haɗa gashin gashin kirji na baya tare da launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka na ciki.
Bunungiyoyin ulu suna peara daga kunnuwa: fari a cikin mata, baƙi a cikin maza. Yawan ganyayyaki na birrai na faruwa ne da rana da kuma magariba. Lokacin da akafi so shine lokacin damina. Sunan macaque na biyu shine lemur baki.
Namiji da mata lemur macaco
Lemur lori. Akwai takaddama da yawa game da mallakar filayen lemurs. Kamani na waje, hanyar rayuwa tana kama da mazaunan Madagascar, amma Lorievs yana zaune ne a Vietnam, Laos, Tsibirin Java, a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Rashin jela shima ya banbanta shi da sauran lemurs.
Ana daidaita laudo don rayuwa cikin bishiyoyi, kodayake ba za su iya tsalle ba. Lemur rayuwa zama mai aiki da dare, da rana suna kwana a mafaka na manyan rawanin.
Lemur tafasa. Daga cikin dangi, waɗannan manyan dabbobi ne masu tsawon 50-55 cm, wutsiyar ta kai 55-65 cm, nauyin mai matsakaicin mutum shine 3.5-4.5 kg. Fure mai share fage yana bambanta da launi: lemur fari kamar dai an tsara ta da wutsiya mai duhu, baƙin ciki da farfajiyar ƙafafu daga ciki.
Hakanan bakin bakin ma baƙi ne, raƙuman haske ne kawai ke gudana a cikin idanuwa. Sananne shine farin gemu wanda ke tsirowa daga kunnuwa.
Lemur tafasa fari
Rayuwa da mazauni
Lemurs suna da mahimmanci saboda haɗarsu zuwa yankin zama. A da, dabbobi sun mamaye duk ƙasar Madagascar da Comoros. Lokacin da babu abokan gaba na al'ada, yawan jama'a ya karu da sauri saboda bambancin abinci.
Yau lemurs a Madagascar ya rayu ne kawai a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka da kuma a wasu tsibirai daban-daban tare da gandun daji masu haske, ciyawar daji mai danshi. Wani lokaci mutane masu ƙarfin hali suna samun kansu a wuraren shakatawa na gari, wuraren juji.
Yawancin birrai suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyoyin dangi, suna masu lambobi daga mutane 3 zuwa 30. Umarni mai tsauri da matsayi a cikin al'umma na lemurs. Koyaushe yana mamaye fakitin lemur na mata, wanda ke zaba wa kanta abokan aiki. Youngananan mata, suna girma, galibi suna zama a cikin garken, ya bambanta da na maza da ke barin wasu al'ummomin.
Yawancin lemurs suna taro cikin manyan garken dangi.
Ba kamar ƙungiyoyin dangi ba, akwai wasu mutane waɗanda suka fi son kaɗaici ko rayuwa tare da abokin tarayya a cikin microfamily.
Iyalai, ya danganta da yawan mutane, suna zaune a cikin "yankunansu", ana musu alama da yawan ɓoyewa, fitsari. Yankin ya fara ne daga hekta 10 zuwa 80. Ana kiyaye iyakoki a hankali daga mamayewar baƙi, an yi musu alama tare da ƙujewa a kan itacen itacen, rassan cizon. Dukansu maza da mata suna cikin aikin bin diddigin rashin tasirin shafin.
Yawancin lemurs suna rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi tare da doguwar wutsiya tana taimaka musu su yi tafiya. Suna ƙirƙirar rami, mafaka, inda suke hutawa, barci, da kiwo. A cikin ramuka na itace, har zuwa mutane 10-15 zasu iya tarawa a hutu.
Lemur sifaka
Wasu nau'in suna kwana kai tsaye a jikin rassan, suna manna su da goshin gabansu. Yayin hutawa, dabbobi na nade jelar jikinsu.
Yawancin lemurs suna tafiya da nisa sosai tare da rassan shuke-shuke. Motsi a ƙasa shima yana faruwa a tsalle tare da taimakon wata gabar jiki biyu ko huɗu. Maganganu masu karancin hanci na Verro suna iya rufe mitoci 9-10 a tsalle daya. Sadarwa tsakanin primates shine gurnani ko tsarkakewa tare da kira mai ƙayatarwa.
Wasu birrai sukan dushe a lokacin rani. Misali shine halin lemurs na pygmy. Jikin dabbobi baya karɓar abinci mai gina jiki, amma yana cinye adadin kitse wanda aka girbe a baya.
Primates a cikin yanayi yakan zama abinci ga masu farauta; mujiya, macizai, da birai suna farautar su. Kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na lemurs linzamin kwamfuta ya faɗa cikin ganimar abokan gaba. Hayayyafa cikin sauri tana taimaka wajan kiyaye jama'a.
Gina Jiki
Abincin lemurs ya mamaye abincin shuka. Abubuwan da aka zaba sun bambanta daga jinsuna zuwa jinsuna. Primates da ke rayuwa akan bishiyoyi suna cin 'ya'yan itace cikakke, harbe-harbe na matasa, inflorescences, tsaba, ganye. Hatta itacen bishiyar manyan mutane ya zama abinci.
Madagascar aeons sun fi son madarar kwakwa, mangwaro a cikin abinci, bukukuwan lemur na zinariya akan sandunan bamboo, lemur ring yana son kwanan wata Indiya. Inananan mutane masu girman jiki suna cin larvae na kwari iri-iri, resins na tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire da furannin fure.
Baya ga abincin shuke-shuke, ana iya ciyar da lemur tare da ƙwaro, butterflies, gizo-gizo, kyankyasai. Lemur na linzamin kwamfuta yana cin kwadi, kwari, hawainiya. Misalan cin ƙananan tsuntsaye da ƙwai daga gurbi an bayyana su. Lemur na dabbobi Indri wani lokacin yana cin duniya don kawar da dafin shuka.
Hanyoyin cin abinci sun yi kama da na mutane, don haka kallon ɗan birrai na cin abinci a gidan ajiyar dabbobi ko lemur gida koyaushe mai ban sha'awa. Za'a iya canza abincin abincin dabbobi masu laushi, amma masu mallakar suna buƙatar yin la'akari da ɗabi'un abincin dabbobi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balaga yana faruwa a baya a cikin waɗancan lemurs waɗanda ƙarancin girman su. Dwarf mutane suna shirye su hayayyafa zuriya da shekara guda, manyan indri - zuwa shekaru biyar.
A cikin hoton, lemur mai kambi tare da cub
An bayyana halayen jima'i ta hanyar kuka mai ƙarfi, sha'awar mutane don shafawa zaɓaɓɓen su, don yi masa alama da ƙanshin su. Ma'aurata masu aure guda daya an kirkiresu ne kawai a cikin leri, suna kasancewa da aminci har zuwa mutuwar abokin aikinsu. Maza na wasu nau'in ba sa nuna damuwa ga jariran da suka bayyana, hankalinsu yana kan abokin zama na gaba.
Ciki na mata yana kasancewa daga watanni 2 zuwa 7.5. Yaran mafi yawan nau'in lemur basa bayyana fiye da sau ɗaya a shekara. Banda banbanci shine rayuwar Madagascar, mace wacce take daukar jariri sau daya duk bayan shekaru 2-3.
Jarirai, aƙalla biyu, ana haifuwarsu ne gabaɗaya marasa ƙarfi, masu auna gram 100-120. Anƙararrun ba sa jin komai, buɗe idanunsu na tsawon kwanaki 3-5. Daga haihuwa, hankulan masu saurin fahimta ya bayyana - nan da nan suka sami madara a kan mahaifar. Da girma, jariran suna motsawa akan bayan mace har tsawon watanni shida masu zuwa.
Iyaye masu kulawa suna lura da waɗanda suka gudu har sai sun sami ƙarfi. Jariri da ke fadowa daga bishiya na iya zama na mutuwa.
Loris lemurs suna nuna wariya a cikin abokin tarayya. Suna halin manyan zaɓi. A cikin fursuna, yana da wahala a gare su ƙirƙirar biyu saboda iyakance zaɓaɓɓe, saboda haka mutane da yawa a gidan zoo ba su da ɗa.
Matsakaicin rayuwar birrai shekaru 20 ne, kodayake bayanai masu dogaro kan jinsin mutum sun rasa. Nazarin wannan batun an fara shi kwanan nan. Dogo mai tsawo mutane ne waɗanda rayuwarsu ta kasance shekaru 34-37.
Lemur na yara
Lemur a cikin hoto koyaushe yana jan hankali tare da kallon mamaki. A rayuwa, wannan karamar halitta mara kariya tana cin nasara tare da kebantuwa da ita, kebantacciyar sifa.
