Bayani da fasali
Yawancin adadi da yawa na halittu daban-daban suna cikin ruwan, yawancin dabbobin duniya sun daidaita akan ƙasa. Amma duniya mai wadata a rayuwa ita ma masarauta ce ta karkashin kasa. Kuma membobinta ba kananan siffofi ne kawai ba: tsutsotsi, arachnids, kwari, kwarkwatarsu, kwayoyin cuta da sauransu.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa ma suna cikin halittun da suke yin rayuwarsu a ɓoye. Daga cikin wadannan halittu ana iya kiran su tawadar Allah. Dabba ba a yi nazarin wannan ba sosai yadda mutum zai so ya zama. Kuma dalili yana cikin kebantattun irin wadannan halittu, suna zaune wuraren da ba sa shiga wadanda aka boye daga idanun mutane.
Waɗannan wakilan fauna an sanya su ne ga dangin tawadar. Bayanai game da yanayin halittar jikinsu ya tabbatar da yadda suka dace da salon rayuwar da ba a saba da su ba, ma’anarsu. Anan, da farko dai, zai yi kyau a ambaci ƙafafunsu, ba tare da su ba zai yi wuya irin waɗannan halittu su rayu cikin yanayin da suka saba ba.
Moles ba rodents bane; suna tono ƙasa ba tare da haƙoran su kwata-kwata ba, amma suna amfani da gabansu sosai. Sabili da haka, goge gogensu, wanda ke tuna da oars, suna da fadi sosai, da tafin hannu suna juyawa zuwa waje. Kuma yatsunsu, nesa da nesa, an sanye su da iko, manyan fika.
Ba a sanya ƙafafun baya da ƙarfi da ƙoshin lafiya ba, amma galibi suna aiki ne don rake ƙasar da ƙafafun gaba suka sassauta a baya.
Zuwa wasu siffofin bayyanar (su, kamar waɗanda muka ambata ɗazu, suna bayyane a sarari a hoto na tawadar Allah) sun hada da: danshi mai tsayi, hanci mai tsayi, gajere, siririn wutsiya. Jikin irin waɗannan dabbobi an lulluɓe shi da gajeriyar fur, don kada tsayinsa ya tsoma baki tare da motsin waɗannan halittu ta hanyoyin karkashin kasa.
Bugu da kari, gashin su yana girma ta wata hanyar da ba a saba gani ba - zuwa sama. An ba ta dukiya ta lankwasawa ta kowace hanya, wanda hakan ke sake ba da gudummawa ga zirga-zirgar ɓoye ta cikin ƙasa ba tare da hanawa ba. Sautin gashi yawanci launin toka ne ko baƙi-launin ruwan kasa.
Amma kuma akwai sanannun sanannun, dangane da nau'ikan da wasu sifofin tsarin. Hakanan ana samun zabiya a cikin irin waɗannan dabbobi, kodayake ba safai ake samunsu ba.
Da yake bayanin yadda waɗannan halittu suke ji, ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan dabbobin sun kusan makancewa. A zahiri, basa buƙatar kyakkyawar gani. Kuma ƙananan beads-idanun moles ne kawai ke iya rarrabe duhu da haske.
Tsarinsu yana da dadadden tsari kuma ba kamar gabobin gani na mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, kuma wasu bangarorin, misali, kwayar ido da tabarau, basa nan. Amma idanun wadannan halittun da ke karkashin kasa, a cikin kaurin dusar dabbobi, kusan ba za a iya rarrabewa da idanuwan ba, suna da cikakkiyar kariya, suna ɓoye daga ƙwayoyin ƙasa da ke faɗuwa da su, tare da wayar tafi-da-gidanka, galibi tana jan idanuwan ido gaba ɗaya. Amma jin ƙamshi da ji a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɓaka sosai. Kuma ƙananan kunnuwa kuma ana kiyaye su ta hanyar fata.
Gabaɗaya, duniyar duniyar dabbobi ta banbanta sosai, saboda an san isa dabbobi, kamar ƙuraje ta yadda suka gwammace su ɓoye daga haɗarin rayuwa da kuma sauyin yanayin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, alal misali, shrew - wata halitta tare da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, an rufe ta da gajeren ulu.
Kuma ba lallai ba ne dukkanin wakilan da aka ambata na masarautar dabbobi su rayu keɓaɓɓe kuma kawai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Haka ne, ba sa nan duk lokacin da suke raye, amma suna neman mafaka, haƙa ramuka ko gano wuraren da wani ya yi.
Daga cikin waɗannan, desman, waɗanda ake ɗaukar su dangi ne na moles kuma an tsara su a cikin iyali ɗaya. Hakanan ana jan su a ƙasan ƙasa, kodayake sun kwashe rabin rayuwarsu a cikin ruwa. Rayuwa a cikin kabari sune, sanannun dawakai da badgers, kazalika da chipmunks, zomayen daji, adadi mai yawa da sauran mutane.
Nau'o'in ƙwayoyi
Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan nau'in dozin guda huɗu a duniya. Mafi shahararrun mutane kuma sanannen sanannen abu ne, wanda ake kira Bature. Wadannan dabbobin ana samun su, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, a cikin Turai kuma suna gama gari har zuwa Yammacin Siberia. Yawanci nauyin su bai wuce 100 g ba kuma suna da tsayin jiki har zuwa 16 cm.
A tsakanin sauran dangi, wasu sun cancanci ambaton musamman.
1. Jafananci shrew mole - karamar dabba ce kawai tsawonta yakai kimanin inci 7. A wasu halaye, ana iya ganin ta a tsakanin dogayen ciyawa a cikin makiyaya da gandun daji na tsibirin Tsushima, Dogo, Shikoku da Honshu. Doguwar proboscis na irin waɗannan halittun, wanda ke kan madaidaiciyar bakin, an sanye shi da gashin tsirrai masu taushi.
Wutsiya tana da girma babba, mai santsi, kuma mafi yawan kitsen mai mai yawa yakan tara a ciki. Wasu lokuta yakan faru cewa irin wadannan dabbobin suna rarrafe zuwa saman duniya don neman abinci har ma suna hawa kananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
2. Ba'amurke shrew mole... Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna gama gari a wasu jihohin Kanada da Amurka. Fushinsu mai laushi ne, mai kauri, na iya zama baƙar fata tare da launin shuɗi ko kuma yana da kewayon launin toka mai duhu. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da kamanceceniya da membobin jinsunan da aka bayyana, ta yadda har wasu masanan ke son ɗaukar su dangi na kusa.
Girman irin wadannan halittun kusan iri daya ne. Bugu da kari, tsawon jikin mutanen Amurka yana da matukar muhimmanci ta wata babbar wutsiya. Waɗannan dabbobin ma na iya hawa dazuzzuka suna iyo da kyau.
3. Siberian tawadar Allah, wanda ake kira Altai. Ta hanyoyi da yawa yayi kama da lalatattun Turai, amma, wakilan mata da na maza, ba kamar na ƙarshen ba, a zahiri sun bambanta da juna sosai. Kuma sama da duka cikin girma.
Waɗannan manyan ƙwayoyi ne. Maza daga Siberian iri-iri na iya zama kusan 20 cm tsayi kuma isa taro na 145 g, mata sun fi yawa. Jawo na dabbobin suna da tabarau masu duhu: launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, baƙar fata, shuɗi-gubar.
Jikin irin waɗannan halittun yana da zagaye, mai faɗi, kafafu gajere ne. An oblong proboscis yana tsaye kan kunkuntar bakin bakin. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da kwanson kunne kwata-kwata.
4. Caucasian tawadar Allah... Hakanan yana kama da mutane iri-iri na Turai, amma abubuwan daidaikun mutane da tsari da kamanninsu suna da banbanci. Idanunsu sun ma fi na sauran ƙwayoyin cuta rashin ci gaba. Ba su da ganuwa kuma ana ɓoye su a ƙarƙashin siririn fata.
Yammatan wannan nau'in suna alfahari da wadataccen fata mai haske. Koyaya, tare da shekaru, inuwar sa na dusashewa.
5. Ussuri Mogera - nau'ikan ban sha'awa sosai, wanda wakilansa suka shahara da girmansu, kasancewar, bisa ga waɗannan alamun, masu riƙe da rikodi tsakanin dukkanin membobin gidan. Nauyin jikin namiji yana iya kaiwa 300 g ko fiye, kuma girman jiki kusan 210 mm ne.
Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna gama gari a Koriya da China. A cikin wuraren buɗe ido na Rasha, ana samun su a cikin Gabas mai Nisa da kuma a yankunan da ke kusa da wannan gefen. Idanu da kunnuwan irin wadannan halittun basu cika bunkasa ba. Yin launi a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙari na launin ruwan kasa da launin toka, a wasu yanayi tare da ƙarfe na ƙarfe. An bayyana wannan nau'in halittu masu rai wadanda ba kasafai suke faruwa ba, kuma ana daukar kwararan matakai don kare shi.
6. Alamar tauraro - Mazaunin Arewacin Amurka, wanda ake kira da tauraro-hanci. Hancin irin wadannan dabbobi yana da tsari na musamman, wanda kebantacce kuma ya kunshi adadi mafi yawa na kananan tanti wadanda aka wadata da masu karɓa da yawa.
Duk waɗannan na'urori an tsara su ne don taimaka maka samun abinci cikin nasara. In ba haka ba, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna kama da lalatattun Turai a cikin kowane daki-daki banda doguwar jelar da ba a saba gani ba. Wadannan halittu suna matukar son ruwa, suna iyo sosai kuma suna nutsuwa sosai.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Don ƙarin fahimta abin da dabba ne tawadar Allah, ya kamata ya bayyana dalla-dalla rayuwar waɗannan halittu masu ban sha'awa. Kamar yadda ya rigaya ya bayyana, wanzuwar su ta faru a karkashin kasa. Bawai kawai kowane nau'in ƙasa ya dace da su ba. Sabili da haka, waɗannan wakilan fauna sun fi so su mamaye wuraren da ke da ruwa tare da ƙasa mara kyau.
A gefe guda, kawai sun kasa jimrewa, saboda suna tsunduma cikin haƙa hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa da ke karkashin kasa. Ba kasafai mutane ke ganin irin waɗannan dabbobi ba, tunda ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da yawa a saman jiki.
Koyaya, wani lokacin a cikin filaye da makiyaya mutum na iya yin la’akari da halayyar ƙasashe. Wannan sakamakon muhimmin aikin irin wadannan halittu ne. Bayan duk wannan, ƙwayoyi sun gwammace jefa ƙasar rarar ƙasa.
Saboda asalin rayuwarsu, an sanya lalatattun dabbobi a cikin jerin kwari mai matukar hadari da tsoro. Underarƙashin ƙasa, suna faranta albarkatu da kuma kakkarye tushen shuka. Amma kada mu manta cewa a lokaci guda dabbobi suna kwance ƙasa, daga abin da musayar iskar oxygen da ke ciki ke aiki sosai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mahimmin aiki na tsire-tsire iri ɗaya da ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani.
Don moles, babu bambanci sosai: yini a duniya ko dare, wanda ba abin mamaki bane idan aka basu makanta da salon rayuwarsu. Wadannan dabbobin suna da bambancin biorhythms.
Suna zaune a farke na tsawan awanni hudu, sa'annan su huta, sannan kuma, don wani lokaci makamancin haka, suna shagaltar da aiki. Ya kamata a lura cewa irin waɗannan dabbobin ba sa iya yin barci fiye da sa’o’i uku.
A ƙarƙashin ƙasa, musamman ma ba ku yin tafiya, sabili da haka waɗannan dabbobin ba sa yin manyan motsi. Kuma banda shine, watakila, lokacin zafi mai ƙarancin lokaci. A lokacin da aka nuna, moles sukan matsa kusa da rafuka da sauran ruwa masu sabo domin kwayoyin su basu da karancin danshi.
Mole ba mai kaunar al'umma ba. Kuma wannan ya shafi duka abubuwa masu rai da kuma dangi musamman. Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna da haɓaka, ƙari, manyan masu mallaka ne. Kowannensu yana ƙoƙari ya mallaki yanki na kowane ɗayan ƙasa, haƙƙoƙin da ya ke son karewa, kuma da himma sosai.
Moles ba docile bane. Kuma wani lokacin suna da tsananin tashin hankali, kuma wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga maza ba, har ma ga mace rabin. Don tunanin yawan alfanun lalatattun dabbobi, zamu lura cewa daga wasu samfuran dabbobin zuwa dozin uku zasu iya sauka akan yanki kadada 1.
Idan moles ya kasance maƙwabta ne, suna ƙoƙari kada su tsoma juna. Kowace dabba tana da hanyoyinta na karkashin kasa, inda suke kokarin tsayawa, ba tare da kiyaye alaka da dangi ba. A yayin da wadannan halittun suka hadu ba zato ba tsammani, suna kokarin tarwatsewa da wuri-wuri, ba tare da haifar wa kansu matsaloli ba.
Kodayake kowane ɗayansu cikin shawa da farin ciki zai karɓi yankin ɗayan. Sabili da haka, idan maƙwabcin da ke zaune a yankuna da ke kusa da shi ya mutu, suna da hanzari game da shi da sauri. Kuma waɗancan na moles ɗinsu waɗanda suka zama masu saurin tashin hankali, suna ƙwace sararin zama da aka bari, amma a wasu lokuta suna raba shi tsakanin masu neman.
Ta yaya waɗannan dabbobin suka bambanta tsakanin wuraren da aka mamaye da wuraren da ba kowa? Waɗannan halittu suna barin alamomi akan abubuwan da suka mallaka, kuma sinadarin da suka ɓoye a lokaci guda yana ɗauke da wani sirri mai ƙamshi sosai.
A lokacin hunturu, moles basa yin hibernate. Suna shirya don yanayin sanyi daban: suna haƙa rami mai zurfi, suna tara mai da abinci. A karkashin kasa kawai, wadannan dabbobin suna da lafiya. Fita waje, sun zama ba su da kariya. Saboda haka, shahidai, owls, dawakai da sauran mafarauta suna kai musu hari cikin nasara.
Gina Jiki
Wadannan halittu suna cikin tsarin kwari, saboda haka, abincin su yayi daidai da wannan. Animalasa dabba tawadar Allah abinci ana samunsa ne musamman don kansa a cikin hanyoyin ciyarwar, ma'ana, ramin karkashin kasa da aka haƙa ta, tare da taimakon hanci wanda yake bambance kamshin.
Yana cin kwalliya, larvae, ƙwaro na ƙasa. Amma waɗannan mazaunan karkashin ƙasa suna farauta kuma suna zuwa saman. A can suke kama ƙwaro, tururuwa, kwaɗi, ƙananan beraye. Wadannan dabbobin, sabanin wasu jita-jita da ba za a iya dogaro da su ba, ba sa amfani da abincin tsirrai kwata-kwata. Abincin abinci na moles yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma suna buƙatar kusan 150 g na abincin dabbobi a kowace rana.
A ƙarshen kaka, suna shirye-shiryen sanyi, irin waɗannan dabbobin suna fara yin wa kansu kayayyakin hunturu, suna hana masu cin abincinsu ta hanyar cizo. Irin wadannan guraren, wadanda galibi suna kusa da gida na kusa, na dauke da fiye da kilogiram 2 na abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Mowayoyin da ba su da sadarwa suna yin keɓaɓɓu don ɗan gajeren lokacin saduwa, tun da an tilasta su saduwa da wasu jinsi don ci gaba da jinsi. Amma ga maza, irin wannan sadarwar ta zama ba ta daɗe sosai.
Bayan saduwa, wanda ya sake faruwa a karkashin kasa, sun koma rayuwarsu ta kadaici da suka saba kuma basu da sha'awar haihuwa. Mating yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma lokacinsa ya dogara ne da mazaunin dabbobi.
Mata suna ɗauke da 'ya'ya mata na kimanin kwanaki 40, sannan da yawa (har zuwa biyar) waɗanda ba su da kyau, ba a rufe su da gashi, ana haihuwar yara. Mole – mai shayarwa, sabili da haka, ya bayyana sarai cewa jarirai sabbin haihuwa suna fara shan nono, wanda ke dauke da wadataccen abun mai.
Amma suna ci gaba da sauri, sabili da haka, bayan makonni biyu, a hankali suna canzawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan abinci, suna cinye tsutsar cikin ƙasa da yawa. A cikin wata ɗaya da haihuwa, dabbobin dabbobi tuni sun sami damar yin rami da kansu ta hanyoyin karkashin ƙasa, samun abinci da wanzu ba tare da kulawar uwa ba.
Sabili da haka, sabon ƙarni na ƙauyuka don sasantawa ya sami yankinsu kyauta.
Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru bakwai. Amma a cikin yanayin yanayi sau da yawa sukan mutu da yawa daga haƙoran masu farauta da cututtuka iri-iri.
