Bayani da fasali
Wannan babban wakili ne na artiodactyl herbivore na fauna na duniya. Girman muz a bushe zai iya wuce tsayin ɗan adam da gaske. Tsawon jiki na manya na iya zama sama da 3 m, kuma matsakaicin nauyin jiki ya kai rabin tan.
Wadannan dabbobi galibi ana kiransu Elk. Suna bin irin wannan laƙabin zuwa nau'in launuka masu launuka na bayyanar su - ƙahonin ƙayatattun ƙaho, waɗanda suke kama da kayan aikin gona na dā - garma.
Maturean matan da suka manyanta ne kawai za su iya yin alfahari da irin wannan ado. Kuma matan ƙanana ne kuma ba su da ƙaho bisa ga al'ada. Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade na bayyanar, wani nau'in kambi, shine kasusuwa mai kama da spatula tare da ci gaba, matsakaicin nauyinsa yakai kilo 25.
Kowace shekara tare da farkon yanayin sanyi kwankwaso kwankwaso bace, kawai ana watsi dasu. Amma tare da farkon bazara, wani wuri a watan Mayu, sabon “kambi” ya tsiro a kawunansu.
Elks dangi ne na barewa, amma a cikin bayyanar sun bambanta ta fuskoki da yawa daga gare su, ba tare da falalar halayen su ba. Sun kasance marasa ma'ana, suna da ƙarfi da ƙafa. Wuya tare da tsiro mai laushi mai laushi a ƙarƙashin maƙogwaro da kututturen giwa a kwatankwacin yadda jikin yake daidai gwargwado yana ba da alamar an gajarta shi.
Witaƙasasshiyar busasshiyar ƙashi ya tashi a saman su, sa'annan babban kan hancin hancin ya fita waje. Hannun bakin yana da kumbura zuwa ƙarshen, yana da jiki, yana rataye a kan ƙananan, leben sama. Legafafun dabba, an rufe su da gajerun gashi, sun fi tsayi, ba siriri ba, tare da dogon kofato.
Akwai wutsiya har zuwa 13 cm a girma, gajere ne, amma sananne sosai. Launi na gashi mara kyau a jiki ya bambanta daga kusan fari zuwa launin ruwan kasa-baki; ƙafafun moz yawanci fari ne. A lokacin hunturu, launin gashi yana haske sosai, wanda ke sa baƙon ganuwa a bayan bangon yanayin dusar ƙanƙara. Duk waɗannan siffofin a bayyane suke moose a cikin hoto.
Idanun wadannan dabbobi ba za a iya kiransu da kaifi ba, amma ji da jin warin suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Suna gudu da sauri kuma suna iyo sosai. Waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun sami lambar yabo mafi girma a cikin Hasashen Arewa.
Kimanin rabin mambobi ne na yawan doguwar fata mazauna girman Rasha. Elk kuma ya yadu a cikin Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic States, Poland da Scandinavia, a wasu wasu ƙasashen Turai, har ma da Asiya, misali, a Mongolia da China. Ana kuma samun su a Arewacin Amurka, galibi a Kanada da Alaska.
Irin
Elk - wannan sunan jinsi ne wanda ke wakiltar dangin barewa. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, an yi imanin cewa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan jinsin guda mai suna iri ɗaya. Koyaya, manyan matsaloli sun tashi tare da takaddama na takaddama.
Ya zama da wuya a iya tantancewa da kuma ƙididdige yawan nau'ikan jinsuna da ƙananan dabbobi. Kuma a kan wannan batun, masana ilimin dabbobi sun rarrabu. Kwayar halittar zamani ta taimaka wajen amsa tambayoyin rikicewa. A cewar wannan majiyar, ya kamata a raba jinsin giwan ba zuwa daya ba, amma zuwa nau'i biyu.
Bari muyi la'akari da su dalla-dalla.
1. Ruwan gora... Wannan jinsin ya kasu kashi biyu: Turai da Caucasian. Wakilan su dabbobi ne masu tsayi sosai, wani lokacin suna kai nauyin kilogram 650. Tururuwa irin wannan muziyar suna da fa'idar inci 135 ko fiye.
Gashinsu yana da launi mai duhu. An yi bayan baya da alama na baƙin ƙarfe. Karshen bakin bakin fuska da gashin kafafu sun dan yi sauki. Ciki da bayan kafafun wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma lebensu na sama, kusan fari ne.
2. Yammacin yamma... Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan nau'ikan daban Ba'amurke, amma kuma daidai ne a kira shi Siberian ta Gabas, saboda wakilan masarauta na waɗannan biyun, da farko kallo, yankuna masu nisa na duniya suna kama da juna.
An rarraba wannan nau'in zuwa ƙasashen gabashin Kanada da Ussuri. Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna da ɗan girma kaɗan fiye da dangin da aka bayyana a baya. Kuma tsawon kahonnin su ya kai kimanin mita. Gaskiya ne, akwai keɓaɓɓu, saboda a Kanada da Gabas ta Tsakiya zaka iya samun samfuran manya, waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 700.
Launin irin wannan muz ɗin ya bambanta sosai. Wuya da saman jiki yawanci sun yi rudu-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-toka. Theafafun da ke sama, da kuma gefen da ke ƙasa, galibi baƙi ne.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Jikin wadannan halittun basu cika dacewa ba, kuma dogayen kafafunsu da karfin jikinsu suna hana wasu motsawa. Misali, don buguwa daga kandami, Elk ba zai iya kawai karkatar da kansa ba. Dole ne ya zurfafa cikin ruwa, wani lokacin ya durƙusa zuwa gwiwoyinsa, yayin lankwasa gabban gabansa.
A hanyar, su, suna da kofato masu ƙyalli, suna bautar wannan dabbar a matsayin kyakkyawan kayan aiki don kare kai. Yayin arangama da makiya, bera ko kerkeci, irin wadannan halittun suna harbawa da kafafun gaba, busa kofato na iya karya kwanyar abokan gaba a wani lokaci.
Elk – dabba, Gashi wanda a lokacin hunturu ya zama ba mai haske kawai ba, har ma da kauri, ya kai tsawon kimanin cm 10. Kuma a wuya da bushewa, ya girma har ma da ban sha'awa da girma a ninki biyu.
Ahonin waɗannan halittun, suna canzawa sababbi kowace bazara, tsari ne mai ban sha'awa sosai. Da farko, suna da taushi da taushi, an rufe su da fata, wanda zai iya zub da jini idan ya lalace kuma ya sha wahala daga cizon sauro. Da sannu-sannu suna taurarawa, sun zama masu ƙarfi da faɗi.
Tsofaffin mutum, ƙahoninsu sun fi birgewa. Wadannan kayan adon sun fara bayyana ne a cikin dan shekara daya. A ƙuruciyarsu, ƙananan ƙaho ne kawai. Irin wannan kambi a cikin tsofaffin mutane ya ƙunshi faffadan akwati wanda ake kira shebur. Tsarin aiki yana haɗe da wannan samuwar.
Tare da shekaru, shebur yana daɗa faɗi da ƙarfi, kuma girman matakan, wanda yawanci galibi goma sha takwas ne, akasin haka, yana raguwa. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a tantance shekarun dabba ta hanyar surar kaho.
Zubar da tsohuwar kashi "rawanin" yana faruwa a watan Nuwamba ko Disamba. A lokacin sanyi, dududu ba sa bukatar su, amma kawai, kasancewar ilimi mai wahala, suna kawo cikas ga motsinsu, wanda ke kara dagula rayuwa a lokutan wahala.
Bayan haka, maza suna amfani da ƙaho ba don kariya ba, amma don jan hankalin mata da tasirin halayyar halayyar abokan hamayya, suna matsayin alama ce ta ƙarfin ƙarfin namiji da mutuncinsa. A ƙarshen kaka, yawan homonin jima'i a cikin jinin dabba yana raguwa, sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin da ke gindin ƙashin ƙashin sun lalace, kuma ƙahonin sun faɗi. Wannan asarar ciwo da damuwa ba ya haifar da kwankwaso. Komai na faruwa ne ta dabi'a.
Irin waɗannan kyawawan sune mazaunan gandun daji, wani lokacin suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka da tsaunukan tsaunuka, suna yadawa ko'ina cikin yankin gandun daji. Sun fi son wuraren daji tare da rafuka da koguna, suna son zama a cikin yankuna masu dausayi.
Basu da wata soyayya ta musamman don motsi, sabili da haka suna da wuya su matsa daga wuri zuwa wuri, sai dai kawai sun zabi ƙananan yankuna masu dusar ƙanƙara kawai don neman abinci ko a lokacin sanyi. A lokacin rani, lokacin da akwai abinci mai yawa, muzai sun fi son yin yawo su kaɗai, amma da farkon lokacin sanyi, don su rayu, suna haɗuwa cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da garkunan shanu.
Moose farauta ba doka ta hana shi ba, amma zai yiwu ne kawai tare da wasu takurai. Wannan aikin ya shahara sosai, musamman yaɗuwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Dole ne a faɗi cewa yana buƙatar ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa da haƙuri, amma duk da ban sha'awa, yanayin caca, ba shi da aminci ko kaɗan.
Elk nama yana da dandano na ban mamaki, haka ma, baƙon abu, amma saboda dalilai da yawa, la'akari da wasu alamomi, wannan abincin, wanda ya dace da ɗan rago mai naman alade da naman alade, kuma jiki ya yarda da shi, galibi likitoci ne ke ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi cikin cututtuka da yawa. Yawancin kayan marmari masu ban sha'awa ana yin su daga gare ta, ana yin abincin gwangwani da ɗanyen suyayyen daɗin hayaƙi.
Muzansu kansu suna da salama sosai kuma suna da sauƙin hali. Af, yana da sauƙi a hora irin wannan dabbar. Don yin wannan, ya isa ciyar da ɗan maraƙin daji, kuma nan da nan ya fara jin tausayin mutum, wanda, tare da ci gaba mai kyau na saninsa, na iya kasancewa har tsawon rayuwa.
Elks ya zama mai fa'ida sosai ga mutane. Ana amfani dasu sosai don aiki da jigilar kaya a cikin tsawa da kan dawakai, kuma kuna iya samun madara daga shanu muz.
Gina Jiki
Abincin waɗannan halittu abinci ne na kayan lambu na musamman, saboda haka an shirya haƙoransu bisa ga hakan, sun fi dacewa da niƙa, kuma ba don tauna abinci ba. Elks suna cinye ciyawa da shrub daban-daban azaman abinci. Suna son ganyen bishiyoyi, musamman ceri tsuntsu, birch, tokar dutse.
Wannan jerin yakamata ya hada da willow, maple, ash, aspen. Elks suna iya ciyarwa akan namomin kaza, lichens, mosses, rabin ruwa da shuke-shuke.
A lokacin bazara, tare da bayyanar ciyayi ga waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, sararin gaske ya zo. A wannan lokacin, suna cika wadatar bitamin da suka ɓace a lokacin hunturu. Moose yana farin cikin cin sabo da zobo mai zaki.
Kuma a lokacin rani, waɗannan dabbobin suna son cin abinci a kan 'ya'yan itace daban-daban. A waɗannan lokutan da suka dace, irin waɗannan wakilan fauna suna iya cin abinci har zuwa kilogiram 35 kowace rana. Amma a lokacin bazara ba su da wani zabi face su ci ganyen da suka fadi su tsinke bawon bishiyoyi, har ma kusa da hunturu - don ciyar da allurai da rassa.
A matsayin ƙarin ma'adinai, waɗannan halittu suna buƙatar gishiri sosai, sabili da haka sau da yawa sukan lasa shi, suna neman lasisin gishiri na wucin gadi da na halitta, suna sha daga maɓuɓɓugan tare da ruwan kwalliya. Abin mamaki ne cewa muzuna suna cin naman kaza masu guba, alal misali, tashi sama. An yi imanin cewa suna yin hakan ne don kawar da jikinsu daga nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A cikin shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, waɗannan wakilan dabbobin duniya suna balaga sosai don shiga cikin haifar da irinsu. Wannan lokacin kanta don dabba da aka bayyana, in ba haka ba ake kira Elk rut, yawanci yakan faru a farkon lokacin kaka kuma yakan ɗauki kimanin watanni biyu.
Koyaya, ta fuskoki da yawa ainihin lokacin fitowarta ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yankin. Alamar dabi'a don farkon al'adun ibada shine raguwa mai yawa a cikin lokutan hasken rana. Kuma kimanin mako guda kafin wannan lokacin, maza suna jin damuwa mai mahimmanci. Suna nishi, sun zama masu aiki da wayoyi, sun fita cikin taron jama'a zuwa wuraren budewa, inda rudun muse kuma rush game da.
A lokacin irin waɗannan lokutan, waɗannan dabbobin suna rasa taka tsantsan, suna zama cikin sauƙin ganima ga makiya da mafarauta masu wayo, waɗanda yawanci sukan tsaurara ayyukansu a yayin rudani, suna da masaniya game da wannan fasalin muzuwa da amfani da shi tare da kyakkyawar sa'a ga kansu.
Bugu da ari, mazan sun zama mahaukata. Suna fitar da daji tare da tushe kuma suna shirya fito-na-fito a tsakanin su. Wanda ya yi nasara ya kasance tare da "uwargidan zuciya" kuma ya bi ta, yana fitar da kukan roko.
A zahiri, Elk daya ke da ikon hada takwarorinsa da yawa, wannan yakan faru ne a gonakin dawa. Amma a cikin daji, a ƙa'ida, namiji ba shi da mace fiye da ɗaya. Bugu da ari, sanwar muwar tana da ciki, kuma a wani wuri a ƙarshen bazara ko a watan Yuni, ta haihu, a matsayin mai mulkin, zuwa ɗiya ɗaya.
Moose calves tare da kyawawan ja ja gashi an haife su sosai. Kusan nan da nan suna tashi da ƙafafunsu, kuma bayan 'yan kwanaki kawai suna ƙoƙari su bi mahaifiyarsu.
A bayyane yake yadda wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ke ciyar da zuriyar su. Ya kamata a sani cewa madarar muzna tana da ɗanɗano kamar nonon saniya, amma ya bambanta a haɗe kuma ya zama mai ƙiba. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa cala mooan ɓaure suna girma cikin sauri akan abincin da aka nuna kuma a cikin watanni shida suna ƙaruwa nauyinsu ninki goma.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, tsawon rayuwar muz na iya zama kwata na karni. Amma wakilai da yawa na irin wannan fauna suna mutuwa da wuri saboda cuta, haɗari, da sauyin yanayi. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, sun zama ganimar abokan gaba na mutane da mutane. Na karshensu yana da haɗari musamman, wayo da zalunci.
