Dajin daji Shin dabba ce mai iko kuma kyakkyawa wacce kusan kowa ya sani. Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun bayyana a duniyarmu tuntuni kuma sune magabatan aladun gida na zamani.
Boars na daji suna da nauyin jiki kuma ana ɗaukarsu masu haɗari ga mutane. A cikin wannan labarin zamu kalli waɗannan dabbobi masu nishaɗi kuma muyi magana game da abubuwan salon rayuwarsu.
Bayani da fasali
Bayani na boar daji ya cancanci farawa tare da gabatar da manyan kundinsa. Tsawon jikin dabbobi ya bambanta daga mita daya da rabi zuwa cm 175. Nauyin matsakaicin dabba ya kai kimanin kilogiram 100, duk da cewa kilogram 150 har ma da kilogram 200 ba sabon abu bane a tsakanin namun daji.
Don haka, girman irin wannan mai shayarwar yana da girman gaske. Bugu da kari, dabbobi na iya yin tsayi zuwa mita 1, wanda yawanci ya fi rabin tsayin mutum.
Bayyanar waɗannan dabbobin daji ba wani abu bane na musamman. Jikinsu yana lulluɓe da laushi mai kauri da gashi mai launi mai duhu: launin toka, ruwan kasa ko baƙi. Gashi na kakannin aladu ba shi da daɗin taɓawa kuma yana ɗan tuna da gogewar gida mai wuya.
Yayin kwatanta boar daji da alade na gida, akwai babban bambanci tsakanin su. Boars suna ciyar da rayuwarsu duka a cikin gandun daji, don haka sun fi dacewa da irin wannan mazaunin.
Fushinsu na amintattu yana kiyaye su daga sanyi, ƙarfi da dogayen ƙafafu suna ba ka damar matsawa da sauri, yin doguwar tafiya, kunnuwa sun fi girma kuma ana karkata su zuwa sama don dabba koyaushe ya ji ƙamshin haɗari.
Dinar boar ba ta da hankali sosai, wanda ke ba dabbar damar sakin ƙasa da ganye ba tare da rauni ba
Hancin da ke kan hancin ba shi da mahimmanci, don haka yana da wahala a cutar da shi yayin neman abinci a cikin dajin. Menene iri ciyawar daji?
Ire-iren gandun daji
Yanayin halittar boars na daji ya haɗa kan wasu ƙananan jinsuna. Zuwa yau, kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 20 ne aka kiwata. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan an rarraba su gaba ɗaya zuwa Yammacin, Gabas, Indiya da Indonesiya. Bari muyi magana game da wasu daga cikin su daki-daki.
Tsakiyar Turai
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun yadu a cikin ƙasashen Turai daban-daban, har ma da yankin Turai na Rasha. Irin waɗannan gwanayen daji sau da yawa ana iya ganin su a gidajen zoo da wuraren ajiya.
Tsarin Turai na Tsakiya bai bambanta a manyan kundin ba. Wadannan dabbobin suna da yanayin karamin jiki - kimanin cm 130-140. Matsayinsu ya kai matsakaita dabi'u - kimanin kilogiram 100.
Wadannan boars ba a dauke su masu hadari ga mutane ba. Dangane da waɗanda ke kula da su, suna yin natsuwa da girmamawa, sun bambanta da ɗabi'a mara kyau. Koyaya, irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa yakamata a keɓe su da jama'a, tunda ta'addancinsu na iya bayyana kansa a kowane lokaci.
Asiya ta Tsakiya
Yawancin jinsuna manyan namun daji Sunan sunansu daidai saboda yankin rarraba dabbobi. Don haka, wakilan ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya suna zaune a Asiya ta Tsakiya, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan da Mongolia.
Dabbobin Asiya ta Tsakiya sun fi na Turai ta Tsakiya girma. Matsakaicinsu tsayi shine 150-160 cm, kuma nauyin jikinsu zai iya kaiwa 120-130 kg.
Ulu na boars na Asiya ta Tsakiya na iya samun haske da duhu launuka. Mafi mahimmanci shine launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Audugar wadannan dabbobin ba ta da yawa, wanda aka bayyana ta mazauninsu na dindindin a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai ɗumi sosai. Dabbobin sun sami damar daidaitawa da irin wannan mazaunin, kuma suna jin daɗin zama a ciki.
Ba'indiye
Wakilan wannan nau'in suna cikin rukunin jinsin Indiya da basu da yawa. Dabbobi sun yawaita a Indiya, Nepal, Sri Lanka da makwabtan jihohi.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da boars na Indiya shine cewa basa tsoron mutane. Cikin nutsuwa, ba tare da tsoro ba, suka fita zuwa yankuna masu tarko kuma suka tattara abubuwan da suka fi so. Hakanan mazauna yanki basa tsoron waɗannan dabbobi kuma basa taɓa yin ta'adi.
Gashi na nau'in Indiya yana da launi mai haske. Wannan saboda yanayin dumi ne da yanayin yanayin yankin.
Duk da tasirin wadannan namun daji, bai kamata ka yi musu barazana ko yaransu ba. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna kula da zuriyarsu, koyaushe suna kiyaye dabi'unsu na halitta kuma suna iya haifar da babbar illa ga mai laifin.
Ussuriysk
Tsarin wannan nau'in yanki ne mai fadi. Baran daji na Ussuri suna zaune a cikin China, da kuma a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Rasha, kusa da kogunan Amur da Ussuri. Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan nau'in Far East.
Wakilan wannan nau'in sune mafi girma duka. Tare da tsayi na al'ada na 170-18 cm, nauyin jikinsu ya kai 250-350 kg. Irin waɗannan matattara masu ban sha'awa suna sanya wannan naman kazar mai hatsarin gaske ga duk wanda ya haɗu akan hanyarsa.
Gashin yana da duhu a launi, ya fara daga launin toka-launin ruwan kasa zuwa baƙi. Saboda girmansu, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa kuma suna bin wanda zai iya yiwa garkensu ko danginsu barazana.
Naman boar daji Wannan nau'in yana da matukar farin ciki daga mazauna yankin, saboda haka kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na adadin wakilan suna ɓarna a kowace shekara daga mafarauta da mafarauta.
Mafi yawan wakilan wannan nau'in ana samun su daidai a yankin ƙasar Rasha, a cikin Yankin Primorsky.
Jafananci
Boar ta Japan tana zaune a Japan, ban da wasu tsibirai. Wakilan jinsunan suna da girman jiki da gashi mai kauri mai duhu.
Daga waje, waɗannan dabbobin suna da girman gaske, har ma da girma. Wannan tsinkayen ya faru ne saboda yawan kitse da suke "ci" da gangan. Tsarancin su, amma, a lokaci guda, facin mai laushi akan hancin elongated, yana basu damar samun duk abincin da ake buƙata.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, saboda haka sau da yawa ana ajiye su a cikin gidan namun daji daban-daban da wuraren adana su.
Wurin zama
Dabbobi masu shayarwa da muke la'akari da su, galibi, ba su gab da halaka. Ananan speciesan jinsuna ne kawai, musamman waɗanda ke shan wahala a hannun mafarautan yankin, ana ɗaukarsu masu wuya. Koyaya, dukkanin jinsunan dawa na daji, kamar yadda aka sani a yau, ba a fuskantar barazanar halaka.
Saboda wannan dalili, boars daji suna kusan ko'ina. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, sun kasu kashi hudu manyan rukuni dangane da mazauninsu. Mafi yawansu sune kungiyoyin Yamma da na Gabas.
Wakilan waɗannan nau'ikan sun zama gama gari a yankin mafi yawan jihohin Turai da Asiya. A sauƙaƙe suna sabawa da muhallinsu kuma suna koyon neman abinci da kuma amintaccen wurin zama.
Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, da kuma Antarctica, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "yankuna" mafi talauci "dangane da ciyawar daji. A ƙasar Amurka, akwai wasu jinsunan ƙasar na musamman, amma masanan ilimin kimiyyar halittu ba sa sanya su a tsakanin manyan jinsin halittar.
Salon rayuwa
Boars ana daukar su dabbobi ne masu hankali kuma masu hankali wadanda ke kula da kansu da zuriyarsu a gaba.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa, a matsayin doka, cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, ko garken dabbobi, suna haɗuwa daga mutane 10 zuwa 40. A saman garken mata ne, kuma zai iya zama akwai sau da yawa kasa da maza a cikin kungiyar.
Mafi girman aikin dabbobi yana faruwa daidai a lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara. A lokacin hunturu, suna motsi kaɗan, suna ƙoƙarin dumi da kuzari.
Boars na daji suna da gani da kyau da kuma ƙamshi. Godiya ga manyan kunnuwan "tsayayyu", suna ji daidai. Zasu iya yin shuru cikin shuru cikin daji, baƙi da mutane ba sa lura da su. Waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, duk da nauyin jikinsu, suna iyo yadda yakamata kuma suna iya shawo kan dogaye masu wuya.
Gina Jiki
Kakannin aladu na zamani, kamar su aladun kansu, ana lasafta su a matsayin masu komai. Sau da yawa zaka iya gani a cikin hoto na boars dajitono faci a cikin ƙasa. Irin wannan aikin a haƙiƙa shine babbar hanyar samun abinci ga dabbobi.
Suna “jin” duniya don neman abinci, suna tabbatar da dacewarta don amfani, kuma sai bayan sun ci ta. Sau da yawa wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ana ma kwatanta su da mutane saboda kamanceceniyar abincin su da na mutane.
Boars galibi suna cin abinci na tsire-tsire: iri da 'ya'yan itatuwa, sassa daban-daban na tsire-tsire, bawon itacen, naman kaza. A lokaci guda, abincin su ya haɗa da ƙananan dabbobi. Wadannan sun hada da kwari, cututtukan mahaifa, halittu masu rarrafe, har ma da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Har ila yau, dabbobin daji sukan ci abincin ragowar dabbobin da suka mutu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, boars na daji ba sa jin tsoron guba da guba daga haɗari masu haɗari da macizai. Cin waɗannan dabbobin, ba su kula da guba. Tabbas, abubuwan da zasu iya zama sanadiyar rayuka ga wasu kwayoyin halittu basu da haɗari ga aladun daji.
Ga waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke cin abinci a cikin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ba za su sha wahala daga yunwa a nan gaba ba. Saboda haka, a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi, a cikin Vienna da lokacin rani, dajin daji «hare-hare " don abinci.
A wannan lokacin, zai iya samun nauyin kilogram 10 kowane wata. Daga baya, idan sanyi ya zo, babban kitsen mai ba zai ba dabbar damar daskarewa ba, kuma zai samar da wadataccen “wadatar” abubuwan gina jiki.
Waɗannan masanan da kansu sukan zama masu fama da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Galibi maharan mahara sukan kawo musu hari, wanda da wuya boars su kubuta daga gare su.
Sake haifuwa
A ƙa'ida, mace tana haihuwar 'ya'ya biyar zuwa bakwai, waɗanda take kulawa da kyau. Ciki ba ya daɗewa - bai wuce watanni 5 ba. Nauyin jikin jariri kilogram 1 ne kawai. Ana haihuwar Kubiyu a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, mai gani, tare da taguwar ƙasa.
A rana ta goma ta rayuwa, aladu suna iya ɗaukar nisan da ke nesa, suna bin iyayensu. Sun kuma fara ciyar da ciyayi kuma suna koyon yadda zasu sami abinci mai zaki da daɗi.
Tuni da shekara ɗaya, ƙananan boars suna da nauyi fiye da kilogiram 50. Don haka, a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, sun sami sama da kilogiram 20 a kowace kaka. A daidai wannan lokacin, sun rasa launi na musamman, suna samun duhun manyan boars.
Bayan sun kai shekara daya da rabi, aladen alade suna barin "gidan iyaye" kuma suna neman sabon gida. Suna kafa sabbin garken garken dabbobi, suna koyon zaman kansu da kula da juna.
Tsawon rayuwa
A kan matsakaita, boars daji suna rayuwa a cikin daji na shekaru 10 zuwa 15. La'akari da gaskiyar cewa tuni yakai shekara ɗaya da rabi, aladu suna fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta, irin wannan rayuwar tana da girma.
Rayuwar kowane memban jinsi na iya ƙarewa tun kafin shekaru 10. A cikin mazauninsu na asali, dabbobi daban-daban suna yin barazanar dabbobi, da kuma mutanen da suke son farauta.
Dangane da binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, akwai kusan dabbobi dubu 40 da mafarauta da mafarauta suka kashe cikin mutane dubu 400. Yakamata a farauta farautar waɗannan dabbobi daban.
Farautar namun daji
Farautar namun daji yana dauke da wani musamman riba da kuma m kwarewa. Mutane da yawa suna kashe dabbobi saboda naman su mai tamani kuma mai gina jiki, ulu mai kauri da kyau, ko kuma ba gaira ba dalili don samun sabon ganimar farauta. Koyaya, lokacin farautar irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, ya kamata ku kula da nuances da yawa. Menene fasalin irin wannan sha'awar ta rashin tsaro?
Da farko dai, ya kamata a ce farautar irin wadannan manyan dabbobi kasuwanci ne mai matukar hadari. Yana da haɗari ba kawai ga dabbobi ba, har ma mafarautan da kansu. Ma'anar ita ce yana da matukar wahala a cutar da namun daji sosai.
Idan, alal misali, kun shiga cikin ƙwayar mai a cikin yankin na ciki, zaku iya haifar da ƙananan lahani ga dabba. Koyaya, koda irin wannan lalacewar zai fusata boar sosai, kuma zata iya haifar da mummunar lahani ga maharin.
Koda kuwa ya shiga cikin wasu sassan jiki, yana yiwuwa kar a taɓa gabobi masu mahimmanci kuma kawai a "fito da dabbar daga kanta." Saboda haka, ba a ba da shawarar mafarautan da ba su da ƙwarewa su zaɓi naman daji a matsayin abin farautar su.
Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin na iya kai hari ga mafarauta ba su kaɗai ba. Membobin garken su sukan taimaka wa 'yan uwansu, har ma da sadaukar da rayukansu.
Ba sabon abu bane mutane su tafi farauta tare da karnukansu. Koyaya, ta wannan hanyar kawai suna sanya haɗarin ga mataimakan su. Karnuka waɗanda ba su da ƙasa da girman jiki da nauyinsu a wasu lokuta suna da rauni fiye da mutumin da kansa.
Abun cikin gida
Akwai kuma mutane da yawa da suka kamu da cutar kiwon ciyawar daji... Irin waɗannan dabbobin ba za a iya ajiye su a cikin ɗakuna ba, amma ga waɗanda ke zaune a gidajen ƙasa, ana iya shirya musu ɗakuna na musamman, kamar gado.
Irin waɗannan ɗakunan dole ne a cika su da ciyawar bushe don kwanciyar dare don dabbobi, haka kuma koyaushe suna ƙara abinci mai daɗi da lafiyayye ga dabbobin daji.
Dole ne a rufe paddock, saboda ba a amfani da boars ɗin daji don tasirin tasirin yanayin kai tsaye a kansu. A cikin mazauninsu, suna kiyaye kansu daga rana, ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ciyawa ko ƙarƙashin rawanin bishiyoyi.
Lokacin da abun ciki daji daji a gida yana da mahimmanci a kawar da duk wani haɗari ga dabba da samar masa da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau.
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, mutanen da ke rike da bishiyoyin daji suna ciyar da su kilo 5 zuwa 7 na abinci kowace rana. Dabbobin gida masu shayarwa suna cin hatsi da kayan lambu iri-iri. Wasu lokuta ma masu ita sukan shirya hatsi na musamman da kuma naman hatsi na dabbobi.
Ga irin waɗannan dabbobin, ba zai zama mai yawa ba don ƙara wani adadin dafaffen nama ko kifi a cikin abincin, da kuma ƙamshin tsami na ƙauye da cuku na gida.
Kakannin aladu, kodayake ana ɗaukarsu dabbobin daji, suna kula da masu mallakar su sosai. Suna son da girmamawa ga mutanen da ke kulawa da su, kuma suna iya kare su idan akwai haɗari, kamar yadda a cikin daji zasu kare dangin su da zuriyar su.
Don haka, a cikin wannan labarin, mun bincika wani sabon abu kuma mai ban sha'awa irin na dabbobi masu shayarwa - boars daji. Babu shakka kowa ya ga irin waɗannan dabbobi a gidajen zoo, kuma yana da ra'ayin salon rayuwar zuriyarsu kai tsaye - aladun gida.
Wasu lokuta ba ma tunanin dabbobi nawa ke mutuwa duk shekara, ba kawai don biyan bukatun ɗan adam ba, har ma a hannun mafarauta marasa tausayi da mafarauta. Haƙiƙa, ƙididdigar kashe-kashen mutane da yawa ba abin takaici bane. Sabili da haka, kare namun daji na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan kowane ɗayanmu.
