Waqar wakar ta shahara ne da rera waqa, a inda sautin sautin yake kamar sautin alade a cikin abinci mai zafi. Saboda haka sunan, wanda ke nuna ma'anar fashewa, busawa tare da smack. A cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, ana kiran tauraron mai lakabin spachek, wanda aka fassara shi da “mai”.
Mai fuka fukai mai kwaikwayon sautuka ya banbanta a cikin baiwa. A cikin garken yawo, har ma kuna iya jin meow ɗin kyanwa. Bazara starling ba kamar talakawa ba kamar yadda mutane da yawa suke zato.
Bayani da fasali
Tsuntsu mai tauraro karami a cikin girma, ana kwatanta shi sau da yawa a cikin baƙon fata. Tsawon tsuntsu bai fi santimita 22 ba, nauyi yakai kimanin g 75, fikafikan yana kusan 37-39 cm Jiki yana da girma, tare da duhun duhun duwatsu yana haskakawa a rana tare da ƙananan launuka masu launin haske, wanda aka fi sani a bazara a cikin mata. Yatsuwa fari ko kirim mai tsami ya bayyana musamman a lokacin narkar da shi, daga baya dutsen ya zama kusan iri ɗaya.
Wutsiyar tsuntsayen takaice ce, cm 6-7 kawai. Launin ya hada da karfen karfe. Ana samun sakamako ta hanyar godiya ba don launukan da aka gabatar ba, amma ga ainihin ƙirar fuka-fukan. Dogaro da kusurwa, haske, launi na plumage yana canza launuka.
A cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan taurari, ebb a cikin rana na iya zama shunayya, tagulla, kore, shuɗi. Legsafafun tsuntsayen koyaushe suna da launin ja-ja-ja, tare da fiɗɗu masu lankwasa.
Kan tsuntsun dai-dai yake da jiki, wuyansa gajere ne. Bakin bakin yana da kaifi sosai, doguwa, mai dan lankwasawa zuwa kasa, an daidaita shi daga bangarorin, baki, amma a lokacin saduwa yana canza launi zuwa rawaya. Kajin suna da bakar fata mai launin ruwan kasa kawai. Givenuruciyarsu ana bayar da su ne ta hanyar zagaye fuka-fukai, wuyan haske da kuma rashin ƙarfe mai ƙyalli a cikin launi.
Akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin mata da maza. Kuna iya gane namiji ta hanyar diga-dakan lilac a kan baki da dogayen fuka-fuka a kirji, kuma mace - ta launuka ja, gajeran fuka-fukai masu fasali. Jirgin sama na taurari yana da santsi da sauri.
Waƙoƙin taurari sun bambanta da baƙar fata ta ikon iya gudu a ƙasa, kuma ba tsalle ba. Kuna iya gane tauraruwa ta hanyar waƙa - sau da yawa tana girgiza fikafikanta yayin aikin ɓangaren.
Toarfin kwaikwayon muryoyin wasu tsuntsaye da dabbobi yana mai da tauraruwa ta zama mai fasaha. Zai iya "magana" tare da muryoyin tsuntsaye daban-daban:
- kayan abinci;
- kwarto;
- jays;
- man alade;
- haɗiye;
- warblers;
- bluethroats;
- damuwa;
- agwagwa, zakara da kaza, da sauransu.
Fiye da sau ɗaya mun ga tauraruwar taurari waɗanda suka iso cikin bazara kuma suna raira waƙa tare da muryoyin tsuntsayen wurare masu zafi. Tsuntsayen suna hayayyafa murfin ƙofa, sautin buga rubutu, danna bugun bulala, hura tumakin tumaki, ƙwanƙwar ƙwarya, ƙwaryar kuliyoyi, da haushi da kare.
Wakar tauraruwa wanda aka tsara ta da rawar murya muryarsa. Tsuntsayen da suka balaga “tara” kayan aikinsu, suna raba kayansu kyauta.
Saurari muryar tauraruwa
Rayuwa da mazauni
An san tsuntsaye a cikin babban yankin Eurasia, Afirka ta Kudu, Ostiraliya. An sake yin matsuguni saboda mutum. Ana samun tauraron dan adam a Turkiyya, Indiya, Afghanistan, Iraki, Iran. Gyara tushen tauraruwa ya kasance mai wahala a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Tsuntsaye da yawa sun mutu, amma wasu sun tsira a wurin ma.
Bayani game da wanene farawa, tsuntsayen ƙaura ko hunturu, ya dogara da rarraba su. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a kudu maso yamma na Turai suna zaune ne, kuma yawanci a yankin arewa maso gabas ƙaura ne, koyaushe suna tashi kudu a lokacin sanyi.
Migaurawar yanayi na yau da kullun ga lingsan wasa daga Belgium, Holland, Poland, Russia. Jiragen farko sun fara farawa a watan Satumba kuma zasu ƙare zuwa Nuwamba. Don wuraren hutun hunturu, tsuntsaye suna motsawa zuwa yankunan kudu na Turai, zuwa Indiya, da yankunan arewa maso yamma na Afirka.
Jajirtattun tsuntsayen sun rufe nisan daga kilomita dubu 100 zuwa 1-2. Tsuntsaye suna buƙatar tsayawa 1-2 a rana. Jiragen sama a kan teku koyaushe suna haɗuwa da babban haɗari. Dukan garken tsuntsaye za a iya kashe ta guguwa.
Wasu lokuta taurarin taurari kan sami ceto akan jiragen ruwa, suna sauka a kan manyan duwatsu masu yawa. Dangane da ƙa'idodi na camfi da imani na matuƙan jirgin, mutuwar koda tsuntsu ɗaya a cikin jirgi yana barazanar ambaliyar ruwa. Wadanda suke cikin teku suna kiyaye kullun.
Tsuntsayen da suka tashi daga nesa ba koyaushe ake maraba da su ba saboda hayaniyar da suke haifar. Don haka, mazaunan Rome suna rufe tagoginsu da maraice don kada su ji ƙarar tsuntsaye, wanda ya fi sauti fiye da sautin motoci masu wucewa. Starlings a cikin hunturu an tattara su a cikin manyan yankuna, da yawansu ya haura mutane miliyan.
Starlings na iya tarawa cikin garken tumaki da yawa
A lokacin bazara, a watan Maris-farkon Afrilu, yayin narkar da dusar ƙanƙara, mazaunan farko da suka dawo gida sun bayyana. A yankunan arewa, ana iya ganin su a ƙarshen Afrilu ko Mayu. Idan tsuntsayen sun dawo, kuma sanyi bai ja baya ba, to da yawa suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa.
Farkon wanda ya bayyana shine maza, suna zaɓar wurare don yin gida a nan gaba. Mata na zuwa kadan daga baya. A lokacin daddawa, tsuntsaye suna neman bishiyoyi tare da tsofaffin ramuka don tsara sheƙarsu ko mamaye maharar gine-gine da yawa.
Starring a cikin bazara mai faɗa sosai, mai aiki. Ba ya tsayawa kan bikin tare da wasu tsuntsayen, yana mai maida iko da wani wuri mai kyau don yin sheƙa, ya tsira daga maƙwabta. Akwai sanannun lokuta na cunkoson jama'a daga bishiyoyi masu jan kai da mirginawa a gidajensu.
Hakanan suma taurari suma suna da isassun makiya. Su ne ganima mai dadi don falgons, peregrine, mikiya, mikiya na zinariya. Sau da yawa mahautan duniya suna lalata gida gida; hatta hankaka da magi ba sa kyamar cin abinci a kan ƙwai da narkar da tauraruwa.
Tsuntsaye suna da ma'amala a tsakanin su, suna rayuwa cikin mulkin mallaka. Ana iya ganin garken taurari da yawa na taurari a cikin jirgin, inda a lokaci guda suke shawagi, juyawa da sauka, suna kame manyan yankuna a kasa.
Ku kwana a cikin ƙungiyoyi a cikin daddalai masu yawa na ciyayi, willows na yankunan bakin teku, akan rassan lambu ko wuraren shakatawa na bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi.
Wurin zama na taurari yankuna ne masu faɗi da fadama, koguna da sauran ruwa. Ana samun tsuntsayen da ke cikin gida a cikin dazuzzuka, yankuna masu tudu, kusa da ƙauyukan mutane, gine-ginen gona.
Tsuntsaye suna jan hankalin ƙasashen filin azaman hanyoyin samun abinci. Starlings ya guji yankuna masu tsaunuka, yankuna da ba kowa. Ayyukan ɗan adam yana ba tsuntsaye abinci.
Wani lokaci m hari na starlings lalata hatsi amfanin gona, Berry filayen. Manyan garken na iya yin barazanar lafiyar jirgin. Duk da haka mutane koyaushe suna jin daɗin marubutan waƙoƙin don lalata kwari a filayen: ƙwaro, caterpillars, fara, slugs, gadflies. Kafa gidajen tsuntsaye ya kasance wani nau'i ne na gayyata ga tsuntsayen zuwa gonakin gona.
Irin
Masana kimiyya suna jayayya game da tsarin haraji na ƙananan rabe-raben tauraruwa, tunda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin lada da girmansu na da wuyar tantancewa ta bayyanar tsuntsu. Akwai manyan nau'ikan iri iri 12, wadanda suka shahara a kasarmu sune shahararrun tauraruwa (shpak), kananan tauraruwa, launin toka da kuma Jafananci (jajayen kunci). Ana bambanta tauraruwa ta hanyar bayyanar su da fasali mai ban mamaki:
- ruwan hoda;
- 'yan kunne
- Indiya (myna);
- bauna (ja);
- baki-fuka-fuki.
Fasto samu sunan ta saboda yanayin halayyar ta. Nono mai ruwan hoda, ciki, gefuna, baya wanda aka kafa ta baƙaƙen fuka-fuki, kai, wuya yana ƙirƙirar kaya masu ban sha'awa don tsuntsaye mai bazara. Gwanin hoto kamar a cikin rigar biki. Motsi na garken fuka-fukan ruwan hoda kamar gajimaren ruwan hoda mai iyo ne. Babban abincin waɗannan tsuntsaye shine fara.
Tsuntsu ɗaya yana buƙatar kusan g 200 na kwari a rana, wanda ya ninka nauyin tauraruwar kanta. Tsuntsaye suna zama kusa da filayen hamada da stepes, da gida a cikin duwatsu, kaburai, mafaka. Hodawan ruwan hoda ba salamar zaman lafiya, babu fadan tsuntsaye a tsakanin su.
Ringan kunnen (ƙaho) mai tauraro yana rayuwa musamman a Afirka. Ya sami sunan ne saboda ciwan jiki akan kawunan maza wadanda suka bayyana a lokacin kiwo. Girman girma yayi kama da shanun zakara a bayyane.
Wannan jinsin yana yin shuke-shuke akan rassan bishiyoyi, yana haifar da gidaje masu kwalliya. Makarantun dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ciyar da fara ne kawai, don haka suke bin sa idan an cire ƙwarin daga wurin su. Launi na tauraron dan adam galibi launin toka ne.
Indian starling (myna). Hakanan wani lokacin ana kiran tsuntsun Asiya ɗan asalin Afghanistan. Dukkan sunaye suna da alaƙa da yawan rarraba tsuntsaye. Launi na layin ya mamaye baki, amma ƙarshen wutsiya da gefen gefen fiffike suna da farin fari.
Bakin tsuntsun, "tabarau" kewaye da idanu da ƙafafu rawaya ne. Maina sannu a hankali yana kame sabbin yankuna. Mun sadu da tsuntsu a Kazakhstan da sauran wurare a Asiya ta Tsakiya. Gwanin izgili ya sanya myna shahara a cikin biranen birni, kuma da yawa sun fara sanya taurari a cikin gidansu. Arancin tsuntsaye da zamantakewar sa na taimakawa ga ci gaba da yaduwar tauraruwar Indiya.
Indian starling ko myna
Buffalo starlings (ja). Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Afirka launin ruwan kasa ne tare da wutsiya mai kama da fan. Kuna iya gane waɗannan taurarin ta idanunsu lemu da jan baki. Umarni ne da ba'a iya sauyawa na dabbobin daji da na gida.
Tsuntsaye suna zama a jikin buffalo, rhinos, antelopes da sauran mazaunan ƙafafu huɗu kuma suna tattara ƙura, ƙuda, kwari da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka shiga cikin fata kuma suka zauna a cikin gashin dabbobi.
Jikin taurari kamar su bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, rataye a ƙasa a cikin cikinsu ko shiga cikin matsi a jiki. Dabbobin ba sa nuna juriya, sun san cewa tuttur ɗin tsuntsayen zai amfane su kawai.
-Ananan taurari masu fuka-fukai. Tsibirin Endemic a cikin Indonesia, mazaunan savannah. Rananan wakilai da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja saboda ƙarewar ɗan adam. An kama taurarin tauraruwansu masu fuka-fukai don siyarwa don kiyaye gida, wanda hakan ke lalata yawan mutane a cikin yanayi.
Launin bambancin launin tsuntsu baƙon abu ne: an fara haɗe farin farin jiki da kai tare da baƙin fuka-fuki da jela. A saman kai akwai ɗan ƙaramin gashin tsuntsaye. Fata mai launin rawaya tana buɗe idanu, ƙafafu da baki baki ɗaya ne. Tana zaune ne galibi akan wuraren kiwo don dabbobi, ƙasar noma, kuma tana nesa da mazaunin mutane. Don neman abinci, yana yin tashi jirgi.
A halin yanzu, ana ajiye tsuntsun a wuraren da aka kiyaye, inda taurarin taurari ba za su ƙi aron gidajen tsuntsaye da aka shirya domin yin gida ba. Amma yawansu har yanzu kadan ne.
Gina Jiki
Skvortsov ana ɗauke da tsuntsaye masu ƙoshin ƙarfi, a cikin abincinsu waɗanda suke shuka da abincin dabbobi. Halittu masu zuwa sune tushen sunadaran tsuntsaye:
- dodunan kodi;
- kwari;
- tsutsayen kwari;
- malam buɗe ido;
- tsutsar ciki;
- ciyawar ciyawa;
- gizo-gizo;
- symphiles.
A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, taurari da ke samun abinci a kan facin narkewa, a keɓewar wuraren sanyi na kwari - a cikin fasa cikin bawon bishiyoyi. Tare da dumi, farautar kayan kwalliya da tsutsotsi ya fara.
A cikin abincin shuke-shuke, tauraron dan adam sun fi son 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa. Akwai tsuntsaye da yawa koyaushe a cikin apple da kuma gonakin itacen ceri, ba za su ba da cikakke plums da pears ba.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa tsuntsaye suna buɗe fata mai tauri ko harsashi na goro bisa ga duk ka'idojin kimiyyar lissafi - suna huda ƙaramin rami, saka baki da buɗe bishiyar bisa ƙa'idar mai liba don isa ga abin da ke ciki. Baya ga fruitsa fruitsan itace masu ,a juan ruwa, taurarin taurari suna amfani da planta plantan shuka da amfanin gona na hatsi
Starlings na iya haifar da lahani ga aikin noma idan manyan garken tumaki suka fara mamaye filin. Manzannin bazara suna da matsakaicin amfani don dasawa, amma ginshiƙan tsuntsaye suna zama barazana ga amfanin gona na gaba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin buɗewa yana buɗewa a farkon bazara don tsuntsayen da ke zaune, tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura suna fara farawa bayan sun dawo gida. Tsawan gida gida ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, wadatar abinci. A wasu yankuna, tsuntsaye suna yin ƙwai sau uku a kowane lokaci saboda yawan auren mata.
Lingannin kaji
Gida mai kyan gani ana iya samun shi a cikin tsohuwar rami, tsoffin gine-ginen manyan tsuntsaye - herons, gaggafa farar mikiya. Gidajen tsuntsaye da aka shirya suma suna zaune a ciki. Ana kiran mace ta waƙa ta musamman.
Starlings suna yin nau'i-nau'i da yawa a lokacin bazara, suna kula da zaɓaɓɓu da yawa lokaci ɗaya. Duk iyayen da ke gaba suna cikin aikin gini. Ana amfani da gashin fuka-fukai, ulu, ulu, ganye, saiwa a matsayin kayan kwanciya.
Kowane kama ya ƙunshi kwai masu launin shuɗi 4-7. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 12-13. Namiji wani lokacin yakan maye gurbin mace a wannan lokacin. An kiyaye yankin nest a hankali cikin radius na mita 10. Ana samun abinci nesa da wurin shiryawa - a bakin tafki, a wuraren da jama'a suke, lambunan kayan lambu, filaye.
Kwance farawa a cikin gida
Bayyanar kajin kusan shiru ne, zaka iya koya game da zuriya ta bazuwar da aka jefa ƙasa. Don ciyar da jariran, iyayen biyu sun tashi don abinci. A kwanakin farko na rayuwa, kajin suna cin abinci mai laushi, daga baya sai suka koma kan kwari masu wahala.
Yaran da ke girma suna tasowa a cikin gida na tsawon kwanaki 21-23, sannan suka fara samun 'yanci, sun ɓace cikin ƙananan garken. Idan starling kaji ba ya cikin hanzarin girma, iyaye sun yaudare shi daga gida tare da abinci.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na ɗabi'a, rayuwar tauraruwa a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi yakan kai shekaru 12. Masana kimiyya na Rasha sun rubuta wannan. A cikin kyakkyawan yanayin gida, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa har ma da tsayi.
Dayawa suna haihuwar tauraruwa kuma cikin sauƙin sarrafa tsuntsayen da suka daina jin tsoron mutane. Suna karbar abinci daga tafin hannunsu, suna zama a kafaɗunsu, suna lura da abin da ke faruwa kusa da mutum. Dabbobin gida a cikin sadarwa a sauƙaƙe suna kwaikwayon muryoyin ɗan adam, suna haifar da wasu sauti.
Masu lura da tsuntsaye sun yi amannar cewa asalin muryar tauraruwa busawa ce, kaifi da ƙarfi. Ana son dabbobi don kyawawan halayensu da halin ɗabi'unsu. Fidgets na wasa ne, na son sha'awa, suna haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi tare da kide kide da wake wake.
