Ural ya cinye masanan kyawawan halaye na gaske tare da kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa da wadata: tsarkakakkun koguna, koguna na lu'ulu'u, kyawawan rijiyoyin ruwa, kogunan da ba a gano su ba. Fauna na Urals wakiltar tundra, gandun daji da dabbobin daji.
Yanayin rayuwarsu, harma da rarraba yankuna, gabaɗaya sun dogara da dutsen tsaunuka da tuddai. Duniyar fauna a cikin Urals ta bambanta da sauran yankuna a cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye masu tsalle-tsalle, gami da buster, crane, gaggafa, gaggafa, mai tsananin ƙarfi, mai damuwa, belladonna.
Dabbobin Ural - wadannan wakilai ne daban-daban na duniyar fauna, kwatancinsu na iya daukar dogon lokaci. A cikin tsarin wannan labarin, zamuyi la'akari, watakila, dabbobin da suka fi daukar hankali a wannan kyakkyawan yanki na ƙasarmu.
Dabbobin Upo ɗin Subpolar
Subpolar Ural shine mafi girman ɓangaren sanannun tsaunukan Ural. Anan ga mafi girman matsayin su - Dutsen Narodnaya. A halin yanzu, dabbobin wannan yankin suna da talauci ƙwarai. Haƙiƙa ita ce bayan ƙarewa da hallaka kusan dukkanin dabbobi masu gaske, babbar dabba a nan ita ce mai-sakewa, wanda yawanta kuma yana gab da ƙarewa.
Ana samun lafazin da ba su da ma'ana, karnukan Arctic, kerkeci, ramuka kan gado, chipmunks, badgers da kurege a kan gangaren gabas na Subpolar Urals. Har ila yau, bears masu launin ruwan kasa suna rayuwa a nan - babban ƙarfin fauna ba kawai na wannan yankin ba, amma na ƙasar gaba ɗaya. Wakilan duniyar karkashin ruwa - pike, herring, pyzhyan, cuku.
Arctic fox
Arctic fox ƙananan dangi ne na foxes. Tsawon su ya fara daga 45 zuwa 70 cm, kuma nauyin su yakai daga 2 zuwa 8 kilogiram.
Wadannan kananan dabbobi suna da farin gashi mai kauri. Jawo na Arctic fox yana daɗaɗa dabba sosai a yanayin sanyi. Suna ciyar da duk abin da suka samu. A lokacin yunwa, Foxn Arctic suna cin ragowar manyan dabbobi masu farauta.
Reindeer
Kuna iya saduwa dashi sau da yawa. Mafi yawan waɗannan dabbobin suna gida a nan. Su ne manyan dukiyar jama'ar yankin. Idan muka yi magana game da nau'in daji na mai rarrafe, to, waɗannan dabbobin Ural Subpolar yanzu kusan an gama dasu.
Yawancin mutanen arewacin duniyar nan suna da nasaba da wanzuwar wannan dabba mai daraja: mai yin dabba yana ba wa mutum abinci da fata don sutura, sannan kuma kyakkyawar hanya ce ta sufuri a arewacin-yanayin yanayin ƙanƙara mai rufe kankara.
A tsayi, waɗannan dabbobin sun kai mita 2. Tsayin mai badawa a bushe mita 1 ne. Suturar mai ba da taimako tana da kauri, doguwa, mara ƙarfi. Yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a cikin mutane na gida da launin toka a cikin na daji.
Wani fasalin rarrafe shine kasancewar kaho ba ga maza kadai ba, harma ga mata. Hooyallen marwalo na da faɗi, wanda ke ba su damar shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan ba shine za'a ce masu tsauni suna da kyau kamar yan uwansu ba, jan barewa. Reindeer yana da gajerun kafafu, da ƙananan wutsiyoyi, kuma wasu lokuta mazan suna da hanzari a saman muƙamuƙin.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa mai ba da tallafi na gida wata dabara ce ta al'ada. Wannan dabbar koyaushe ta kasance daji: ɗan kula da mai shi - kuma mai girman kai, mai kyawun gida ya sake tafiya daji.
Abun takaici, mai bada rankin daji na iya raba makomar shanun musk, dawakai na daji, bison da saigas, wadanda sau daya tare da karkanda irin na zamanin da da duk wasu sanannun mammoth wadanda ke zaune a yankin tundra en masse.
Dabbobin Kudancin Urals
Ya haɗu da yankuna daji, steppe da tundra ciyayi. Richasashen duniya na flora na Kudancin Urals sun ba da damar adana ƙananan dabbobi marasa ƙarfi a wannan yankin. Musamman, wakilan yankuna masu tudu suna zaune a nan: voles, squirrels ƙasa, jerboas, hamsters, marmot steppe.
Dabbobin Kudancin Urals wakiltar wolverines, bea mai ruwan kasa, squirrels, dawakai na arctic, sables, hazel grouses, grouses wood, horned larks har ma da deede. Abu ne mai wahalar gaskatawa, amma kakakin kakakin Ural Subpolar Urals yayi ƙaura zuwa yankin kudu biyo bayan motsi ciyayi.
Brown kai
Wadannan dabbobin ana samunsu ko'ina a nan, amma, sa'a, ba safai ake ganin su ba. Nauyin babban namiji ya banbanta daga quintals 3 zuwa 5. Gabaɗaya, beyar wakili ne na fauna, ba kawai tsakanin dabbobin Urals na Kudancin ba, amma gaba ɗaya cikin komai fauna na Urals.
A hanyar, yana da wuya a kira beyar mai cin amana. Gaskiyar ita ce, waɗannan masu nauyi masu nauyi suna da komai: suna cin nama da kifi, da zuma da 'ya'yan itacen daji.
A lokacin bazara, bears masu ruwan kasa suna samun subcutaneous kitse da hibernate. Bears da ba ta da ƙiba ta kaka kuma ba ta yi bacci don hunturu ba ta zama ƙosassu. Kudancin Ural masu launin ruwan kasa, kamar sauran masu launin ruwan kasa, suna gina ramuka a busasshiyar farfajiya - a karkashin karkatattun tushen bishiyoyi.
Sable
Daga cikin dabbobin wannan yanki ana iya rarrabe abin da ake kira "lu'u-lu'u na taiga Siberia" - sable. Wannan dabbar ita ce girman kan Rasha, tun daga lokacin Masarautar Rasha ta kasance tushen asalin furcin ƙasar. Jarumi ne kuma mai saurin farauta. Wata rana, dabbar tana iya yin tafiyar nesa mai nisan kilomita da yawa. Da yardar rai yakan hau bishiyoyi, amma yana tafiya a ƙasa.
Wannan dabba tana farauta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Zai iya, kamar kyanwa, ya zauna cikin kwanto ya kalli linzamin kwamfuta, ko kuma zai iya taurin kai ya bi da barewar miski ta cikin dusar ƙanƙara har sai da ta huce. Babban abincin abinci na sable shine ƙananan beraye. Sable sau da yawa yana farautar manyan tsuntsaye, kifi, squirrels, har ma da ƙananan danginsa - ermine da weasel na Siberia. Sable kuma yana cin 'ya'yan itace na lingonberry, blueberry, ash ash, pine cones.
Dabbobin Ural na Tsakiya
Kusan dukkanin yankin na Urals na Tsakiya suna cikin yankin gandun daji. Dabbobi da tsuntsayen da suka dace da rayuwa a cikin gandun daji masu haɗuwa suna rayuwa a nan: wolverines, column, sables, chipmunks, black grouse, grouse wood, hazel grouse. Babu manyan dabbobi, sai dai muz. Amma tuni an dauki elks a karkashin kariya saboda raguwar yawansu.
A cikin bel na sama na Ural na Tsakiya, zaka iya samun magunan daji, beyar mai ruwan kasa, martens, lynxes, squirrels, white hares, elks, moles, owl mikiya, woodpeckers, bullfinches, tits, cuckoos suna rayuwa a cikin taiga. A cikin gandun daji na taiga na Urals na Tsakiya, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe kaɗan ne a cikin su: kwadin ciyawa, kumburai na gama gari, kadangaru masu rai.
A cikin yankunan gandun daji-steppe na Tsakiyar Urals, zaku iya haɗuwa da kerkeci, diloli, ermines, weasels, hawks. Manyan Turai, otters, da randunan ruwa suna rayuwa tare da bankunan kogi da kwari. A cikin dausayin, zaku iya samun tsuntsayen ruwa: agwagwa, geese na daji, bututun ruwa, waders.
Ana samun wakilai na musamman na gandun daji a yammacin gangaren Ural na Tsakiya: ƙungiyar mawaƙa, bushiya, bajamai, hares, orioles, finch, nightingales, goldfinches, siskins, starlings and rooks. Dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibians suna wakilta anan ta toads, sabo da macizai marasa dafi.
Lynx
Wakili mai haske dabbobin Ural na tsakiya - lynx. Wannan babban kyanwar bai wuce girman matsakaicin kare ba, bai fi tsayin mita 1 ba, kuma nauyinsa bai wuce kilogiram 17 ba. Dangane da abubuwan da masana kimiyya na Siberia da Ural suka yi, bakin bakin lynx yana da ban sha'awa sosai: bushara mai wuyar shaƙatawa wacce ke ba da ƙushin baki, kunnuwa masu ƙyalli tare da tassels da girman kai.
Kaico, bakin bakin kawai ana ɗauka mai kyau a cikin lynx. Jikin wannan kyanwar baya haifar da sha'awa sosai: ƙafafun baya suna da tsayi, na gaba sun gajarta, wutsiya ƙarama ce, kamar dai an sare ta. Bugu da kari, lynx yana da kafafu masu fadi sosai. Irin wannan tsarin jikin mara hankali yana kawo fa'idodi ga lynx: dabbar ta dace daidai ba kawai ga talakawa ba, har ma da yanayin rayuwar arewa mai wahala.
Misali, manyan yatsu suna taimaka wa wannan dabba ta kasance cikin dusar ƙanƙara yayin bin babban abin farauta - kurege. Kunnuwan lynx ba kayan ado bane kawai, amma wani irin eriya ne na watsawa wanda yake taimakawa kyanwa wajen jin sautuka masu nutsuwa.
Lynx gaskiya ne dabbobin daji na Urals... A karkashin yanayin yanayi, kusan mawuyacin ganin wannan kyanwa ne. Gaskiyar ita ce, lynxes halittu ne masu hankali, suna farauta ko da sassafe ko kuma ƙarshen rana. Lynxes, kamar damisa, mafarauta ne ɗaya tilo. Wurin farautar yanki ne da aka riga aka yiwa alama.
Kuregen Bature da farin kurege
Duk nau'ikan wando mai dogon kunne sune dabbobin Ural na tsakiya... Dukansu zomayen suna da launi mai ruwan kasa-kasa a lokacin bazara, kuma a lokacin hunturu fararen kurege ba zato ba tsammani ya canza rigarsa mai launin toka zuwa fari-fari. Rusak ya kasance launin toka-launin ruwan kasa duk shekara. Belyaks, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, mazaunan gandun daji ne, yayin da mazaunan kurege mazaunan tsayi da filaye.
Kurege
Da rana, kurege na bacci, da dare kuma sai ya tafi neman abinci. Wannan matsoracin mai dogon ji yana cin bawon bishiyoyi. Ya fi so "wadanda aka kashe" su ne matasa aspen, birch, Willow. White hawks a sauƙaƙe suna tafiya ta cikin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara Lokacin da kurege yayi tsalle, shi, kamar zomo, yakan kawo ƙafafun kafa na baya zuwa gaba.
Karkunan zomo na Turai ba su dace da lokacin hunturu ba kamar yadda zomayensu suke. Misali, lokacin da dusar kankara ta farko ta fadi a kasa, kurege ba zai iya zuwa amfanin gona na hunturu ba, dole ne ya yi tsalle zuwa ga mutane a cikin lambu da kuma lambun kayan lambu - don cizon kututturen kabeji. Idan babu kututture, kurege masu launin ruwan kasa suna tsalle cikin sauri zuwa ciyawa. Sau da yawa waɗannan dabbobin suna cutar da ƙananan bishiyoyin apple ta hanyar fasa ƙusoshin daga gare su.
Kurege
Dabbobin Urals na Arewa
Yankin Arewacin Urals ya rufe dazuzzuka masu yawa na taiga, dausayi da kuma ciyawar ciyawa mai tsayi-ciyawa. Dabbobin Urals na Arewa - waɗannan nau'ikan jinsin Turai ne da na Siberia. Wakilai na yau da kullun na jinsunan Arctic suna rayuwa a tsaunuka.
A cikin taiga ta Arewacin Urals, akwai bea mai ruwan kasa, zomon ruwan kasa, kwaiyoyi, elks, reindeer, lynxes, wolverines, ermines, beavers, black grouses, capercaillies, hazel grouses, agwag, partridges. Hakanan, martens, sables, weasels, marten and sable crosses - kiduses, otters - sun dace da mawuyacin yanayin Arewacin Ural. Otter da badger - dabbobin da ba su da yawa a Ural.
A cikin gandun daji na taiga na Urals na Tsakiya, zaka iya jin gicciye da kayan goro. Tsuntsaye a nan shine watakila ɗayan manyan wakilan wannan yankin. A saman benen za ku ga kyawawan alfahari - bijimai da manyan umarnin gandun daji na taiga - masu katako.
Dabbobin wannan yankin suma suna da wakiltar wasu nau'ikan ƙananan beraye. Anan zaku iya samun beraye, voles na daji, da beraye na yara. Theananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya - shrews - suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin inuwar kututturan itace.
Wolverine
Wannan wakilin wannan umarni na dabbobin farauta sun sami shahararren sunan "mai cin abincin", "dabbar skunk", "aljanar arewa". Wolverines sune mafarauta mafi tsananin ƙarfi da ƙarfi na gidan weasel. A waje, waɗannan dabbobin suna kama da ƙananan beyar da wutsiyoyi masu laushi. A tsayi, wolverines ba su wuce mita 1 ba, kuma nauyinsu bai wuce kilogiram 15 ba.
Duk da girman girman su, wadannan dabbobin da suke farautar suna da karfin fasa kerkeci ko tuka wani babba a jikin itaciya da cizo guda kawai. Wolverine na iya kamawa da dabba ko duwawu, ta yi tsalle a bayan wannan dabba kuma taurin kai ta ciji a cikin wuyan wuyanta har sai da babbar gawar dabban da kofato ta fadi kasa.
Hakanan, menu na Wolverine shine squirrels, hares, foxes. Wadannan dabbobin za su iya yin alfahari da zubar da jini kawai a lokacin sanyi. A lokacin bazara, wolverines suna nuna halin tawali'u a cikin zaɓin abincinsu: suna cin mushe, ƙwai na tsuntsaye, tsutsar kwari, wani lokacin kuma, tare da beyar launin ruwan kasa, cin abinci akan goro, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa.
Middendorf yawo
Ana iya samun wannan ƙaramin dabba mai shayarwa daga cikin umarnin beraye a cikin gansakuka a cikin Arewacin Ural tundra. Tsawon jikinsa yakai cm 13, tsawon jelar yakai cm 3.5. A lokacin bazara, ƙwayoyin Middendorf suna cin ɗanɗano da ganyaye, kuma a lokacin hunturu, sassan tushen.
Don lokacin hunturu, suna yin shirye-shiryen rhizomes. Voles, a matsayinka na doka, suna gina gida a cikin shuke-shuke da kuma a cikin dajin bishiyoyi a ƙanƙanin ƙasa.
Elk
A halin yanzu, Urals ba abin tsammani bane ba tare da kato daga dangin barewa - Elk. Wadannan manya, dogayen kafafun kayan kere-kere ba kasafai ake samun su a cikin dajin arewacin Ural taiga ba. Tsawon jikin baligi na aƙalla ya kai mita 3, kuma tsayin a bushe ya kai mita 2.7. Wadannan gwarzayen suna da nauyin daga tsakiya zuwa 2.5 zuwa 5.8.
Mooauren Maleaure mai sauƙin ganewa ta manyan, ƙahoran rassan da mata ba su da shi. Kamar yadda yake a zamanin da, a zamanin yau suna ƙoƙari su zama dabbobi. Har ma akwai gonakin dawa na musamman a cikin Rasha inda ake kiɗa waɗannan ƙattai na artiodactyl. Kuma, dole ne in yarda, ba tare da nasara ba.
Waɗannan dabbobin ba su da ɗan kyau: ƙafafunsu da suke gani kamar ba su da kyau sosai idan aka kwatanta su da jikinsu mai girma. Gajeren wutsiya galibi baya ganuwa. Kunnuwan muzurai manya ne, kuma idanuwa kanana ne. Hancin ya huda kuma ya doru, a wuyansa akwai fatar fata mai laushi - "'yan kunne". Duk da wannan bayyanar, Elk shine mafi girma daga cikin dangin barewa da mashahurin mashawarcin gandun daji da fadama.
Dabbobin Red Book of Urals
Kamar haka, babu littafin Red Book of Urals. Kowane yanki yana da littafinsa na Ja. A ka'ida, ba abu bane mai wahala a kirkira jerin jinsin dabbobin da basu da hadari ga dukkan Urals baki daya, amma zai kara kadan a rijistar yanki, kuma don samar da taimako na zahiri, har yanzu kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan dokokin gida.
Dabbobin Red Book of Urals - Waɗannan su ne jemage (jemage na ruwa, jemage mai laushi, baho, kozhok na arewa, da sauransu) da kuma beraye (kurege mai yawo, dormouse na lambu, Dzungarian hamster, lemming na daji, babban jerboa, hamster mai ruwan toka). Bari muyi la'akari da wasu nau'ikan daki-daki.
Babban bushiya
An rubuta wannan wakilin umarnin dabbobi masu kwari a cikin littafin Red Book na yankin Sverdlovsk. Wadannan dabbobin suna cin kwari da kwalliya da yawa, wadanda ke da hadari ga dazuzzuka da filayen gonar.
Babban bushiya ita ce, wataƙila, ɗayan dabbobin da ke ba mutum damar zuwa kusa da shi sosai. Amma wannan yana faruwa, ba yadda za a yi, saboda bushiya tana da ƙarfin gwiwa, amma saboda rashin gani sosai. Sabili da haka, bushiya ta fi son dogaro da ƙanshin su. Amma hancinsu yakan gagare su: idan iska ta busa ta wani bangare, wadannan dabbobin ba za su iya fahimtar kusancin mutum ko dabba zuwa gare su ba.
Wadannan kwari kwari suna farauta da daddare. A lokacin farauta, bushiyar gama gari dabba ce mai saurin warwatsewa. Dabbar ba wai kawai tana kashe kwari masu cutarwa ba, amma kuma bai damu da cin macizai masu dafi ba. Af, dafin macijin ba shi da tasiri a kan busasshiyar bushiya.
Duk da ƙayarsa, bushiya ba za ta yi alfahari da cikakken kariya daga abokan gaba ba, waɗanda yake da su da yawa: manyan mujiya, mujiya mikiya, dorinar ruwa, dawakai kuma, ba shakka, mutumin da ya yi komai don sa yawan wannan kwari ya kasance cikin haɗari.
Muskrat
Lamarin dan adam, watau kwaɗayin mutum, shine dalilin da yasa waɗannan dabbobin suna gab da halaka. Lokacin da yawan su ya kasance a matakin da ya dace, an halaka desman da yawa saboda kyakkyawar fur din su. Kiran muskrat don wannan dalilin ya ba da gudummawar kawar da desman daga muhallinsu na asali.
Steppe cat
Wannan dabbar da ke cikin littafin Red Book na yankin Orenburg an sanya mata rukunin da ba shi da hadari sosai №3. Kamawar kuliyoyin bishiyoyi tsuntsaye ne da ƙananan beraye. Lokacin hunturu, kamar yadda kuka sani, lokaci ne mai wahala ga dabbobin daji na Urals. Kuliyoyin da ba su da ganima, in babu ganima, na iya yawo wa mutane don cin riba, alal misali, da kaji.
Bature na Turai
Dangane da littafin Red Book na yankin Chelyabinsk, Bature na Turai an jera shi a rukuni na 1, sannan a cikin Red Book of Bashkortostan, wannan dabba ta bayyana a rukuni na 2. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa mink na Turai kwata-kwata ba ya cikin Littafin Bayanai na Yankin Yankin Perm.
