Mujiya mujiya dama an lasafta ta a matsayin kabila mai fuka-fukai, tsoho a duniya. A halin yanzu, tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a sassa daban-daban na duniya, ba wai kawai suna Antarctica ba ne. Duk nau'ikan mujiya ya bambanta a halayyar anatomical wanda ya banbanta su da masu farauta.
Babban sananne shine ikon mujiya na juya kansa 270 °. Manyan idanu masu zagaye suna kallon gaba kai tsaye, suna hango duniya kawai cikin baƙi da fari. Mujiya na gani da kyau a kowane lokaci na rana, ɗalibin yana canzawa ba kawai daga canjin haske ba, har ma daga shaƙar da shaƙar tsuntsu.
Launin sake kamannin layu tare da yatsu da ratsiyoyi suna dacewa da duniyar da ke kewaye, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga dabarun farauta. A cikin jirgi mai sauri, mujiya na saurin gudu har zuwa 80 km / h.
A da, tsoffin tsuntsayen an ba su sifofi na sihiri, suna tsoron haduwa da su, a bayyane saboda gaskiyar cewa mujiya na jin duniya da matukar wayo, kuma ganinsu yana da fahimta ta musamman. Owls suna rayuwa ne daga shekaru 5 zuwa 15, amma wasu masu shekaru ɗari ɗari suna bikin cika shekara 20.
Nau'oi daban-daban na mujiya suna da girma ƙwarai, amma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a rikitar da su da sauran tsuntsaye.
Iyalan mujiya sun hada da:
- owls na gaskiya, ko Striginae;
- fsiоninae;
- dangin surniinae.
Idaya, yawan mujiya yana rayuwa a duniyar, yayi ƙoƙari fiye da sau ɗaya. Masana kimiyyar halittu sun yi bayani a kimiyance sama da nau'in tsuntsaye 200 da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, ana samun 17 daga cikinsu a Rasha.
Daga cikin mujiya na gaske, shahararrun sune:
Kyauta Kyakkyawan sake kamanni a kan bishiya, ginin da yawa ya sa ba za a iya rarrabe su a cikin sandunan ba, idan idanun tsuntsu suna rufe. Speciesananan jinsunan mujiya yaɗu a cikin girman Turai, Asiya, Amurka. Ana bayyana fasali na musamman ta fuskar diski ba cikakke ba, babban gashin tsuntsu "kunnuwa", yatsu a cikin wuya bristles.
A cikin Rasha, sanannun mujiya sanannu ne, tsuntsu mai matsakaiciya, mai tsawon 20-25 cm, tare da ɗamarar launuka masu launin toka-ruwan kasa masu launin fari da baki. Muryar tsuntsayen, mai dadin sauti, lokaci-lokaci "sautin-at" ya ba da sunan ga jinsunan. Suna jagorantar ƙaura ko salon rayuwa, dangane da mazaunin. Wutar kwari mai ƙaura a cikin savannas na Afirka.
Saurari muryar wani sirrin mujiya
Speciesananan jinsunan mujiya suna aiki da sassafe.
Mujiya Manyan mafarautan dare ba sa rasa damar yin aiki don neman ganima ko da yamma. A cikin Tsohon Yaren Rashanci, an ambaci tsuntsaye a matsayin masu ƙarancin abinci. Jirgin ya yi tsit gaba ɗaya, godiya ga tsarin musamman na gashin tsuntsu. Sau da yawa ana kiran tsuntsaye ne kawai da mujiya na gandun daji, yawanci rudaninsu yakan rikice da kukan mujiya.
Saurari kukan mujiya
Da rana, ba safai za ku hadu da mujiya ba, idan ƙananan tsuntsaye ne kawai ke hargitsi da hutawar mujiya, sa shi tashi daga kukansu da kukansu.
A cikin dazuzzukan arewacin latitude, akwai wani babban mujiya mai ruwan toka tare da babban kai, fiska a fili. Ana kiran duhunan duhunan da ke zagaye da ƙananan idanun rawaya kamar tabaran tsuntsaye. Filayen launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, farin abin wuya a wuyansa, wuri mai duhu a ƙarƙashin baki, mai kama da gemu, yana ba tsuntsu wani abin birgewa.
Mujiya Manyan wakilai na dangin mujiya sun bambanta ta jiki mai kama da ganga, zubewar tabarau na ocher, da tufke na gashin kunne. Tsawon jikin mutum yakai cm 36 - 75. Hares, ƙuruciya, doki sun zama ganima. Kyakkyawan gani da jin magana a cikin farauta.
Sun saba da tsarin halittu daban-daban tare da tushen abinci mai kyau, keɓaɓɓun wuraren zama, wani lokacin sukan zauna cikin gari. Mujiya Mikiya tana da halin rayuwa mara nutsuwa. A cikin danginsu, suna da rikodin rikodin rayuwa.
Nau'ikan mujiya na gaggafa 19 sun banbanta a mazauninsu ta hanyar fifikon abinci, inuwar layu, nauyin jiki, girma.
Mujiya suna da sirri sosai, saboda haka ana iya jin su fiye da yadda aka gani.
Mujiya na iyakacin duniya (fari). Ba kamar yawancin dangi ba, kyankyamin kamannin tsuntsu fari ne mai duhu, tunda mai farautar yana rayuwa ne a cikin sararin samaniya mai fari-fari. Owl na matsakaiciyar girma, idanun rawaya masu haske, bakin baki.
Nau'ikan farin mujiya kunshe a cikin Littafin Ja. Don neman abinci, tsuntsaye suna yawo, suna manne wa wuraren buɗe ido. Tsuntsaye suna farauta da sassafe kuma da yamma, lafazi sun fi yawa a cikin abinci, amma mujiya na iya jimre wa kurege, jaka, da abinci akan kifi. Mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara tana kamawa tare da abin farautarta, ta haɗiye ƙananan dabbobi gaba ɗaya, kuma tana jan manyan dabbobi zuwa wurin da ake yanka gawar.
An dauki farin mujiya mai dusar ƙanƙara ɗayan ɗayan manyan mujiya.
Owur Neotropical Suna zaune ne a kan nahiyoyin Amurka. Tsuntsaye suna da matsakaiciya a tsayi, tsayin jikinsu yakai cm 45. Suna zaune a gandun daji na mangrove, savannas, gonakin kofi, kusa da tushen ruwa mai kyau. Sun fi son wuraren da ke da ƙarancin wuri.
Mujiya kwalliyar Nootropic ta sami suna daga farin girare da ratsi mai raba idanu da kunci kan yanayin duhu na duhu. Haɗuwa da juna yana haifar da wani nau'in tabarau. Zagaye kai ba tare da fashin fuka-fukan kunne ba.
Launi mafi rinjaye launin ruwan kasa ne a cikin tabarau daban-daban, cikin ciki rawaya ne rawaya. A wuyanka akwai farin kwala mai farin fari da feshin baƙi akan ƙugu. Ganima ba ƙananan ƙwayoyi ba ne kawai, har ma da dabbobi waɗanda nauyinsu ya wuce nauyin mai farauta mai fuka-fukai - opossums, skunks.
Mujiya Sunayen jinsin Mujiya sun hada da nau'in almara na mujiya, wanda aka bayyana yanayin fasalin ta hanyar jujjuyawar fuska ta fuska. Tsawon jiki yana da tsawon 35-40. Hanyoyi na al'ada launuka masu launin ja ne na launuka masu laushi, shiri mara kyau na buɗewar kunne.
Don haka, mutum na iya zama a matakin gaban goshi, na biyu a matakin hancin hancin. Ji a cikin tsuntsaye yana da wuyar gaske, ya fi na cat girma. Owls na Barn suna rayuwa a nahiyoyi da yawa, banda Antarctica.
Mujiya kifi. Suna zaune ne kusa da koguna, inda suke cin abinci a kan babban kamun kifin da aka kama, wanda nauyinsa galibi ana kamanta shi da na tsuntsu mai farauta. Owls na kama kifin kifi, kifin kifi, burbot, pike, kifi. Akwai kananan kaifi masu kaifi a kan kafafun tsuntsun don rike kifin mai santsi. Mafarauta suna farauta da yamma da daddare, suna neman ganima daga rassan da suke rataye akan ruwa.
Speciesananan nau'ikan mujiya suna gab da halaka. Yankan daji, tsarin bakin teku ya hana tsuntsaye wuraren da suka saba. Mazaunin ya hada da yankuna na Primorye, Priamurye, bankunan kogi a Manchuria, Japan.
Mujiya kifi. Suna wakiltar jinsin manyan tsuntsaye, tsayin jikinsu ya kai 60-70 cm, nauyin ya kai kilo 4. Wakilai masu ban sha'awa suna da halaye mai girma, fuka-fukai, manyan gashin tsuntsu "kunnuwa". Lilin yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, tare da launuka masu duhu.
A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun tsuntsaye a Tsibirin Kuril, Sakhalin. Filayen kogunan da ke da wadataccen kifi sune wuraren da mafarauta masu fuka-fukai suka fi so. A lokacin hunturu, suna ciyarwa a wuraren da babu daskarewa. Nau'o'in mujiya a hoto, wanda aka yi akan jikin ruwa, galibi, ana wakilta da mujiya na kifi.
Mujiya na gaggafa na kifi suna da ƙusoshin ƙusoshin ƙusoshin hannu, wanda ke ba su damar riƙe kifin da ƙarfi
Farar fatar da aka diba. Mazaunan ƙasashen Afirka, Kongo, Habasha, Kamaru - a cikin yankin daga mahaɗar ƙasa zuwa hamadar Sahara. Fitilar fuska mai haske daga bangon launin toka mai kare launin toka ya ba da sunan jinsi na ƙwallon ƙafa. Yana zaune a cikin bishiyoyi na acacia, shvan savannas, inda yake samun abinci a cikin nau'ikan kwari iri-iri, ƙananan beraye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, ƙananan tsuntsaye. Farauta daga kwanto
Fulawa masu fuska fari ana kiransu masu jujjuyawa saboda ikon da suke da shi na karuwa sosai, rage girman jiki. Owl bayyanar ya bambanta dangane da girman abokan gaba. Matsayin faɗa a gaban ƙaramar dabba an bayyana shi cikin yanayi mai kumbura tare da faɗaɗɗen fuka-fuki. A gaban babban mai farauta, mujiya na taƙuwa, kamar tana juyawa zuwa fikafikanci, ta rufe idanunta - ya zama ba za a iya rarrabewa tsakanin rassan ba, yana yin wani irin reshe.
Owls suna ganin kawai abin da ke gaban idanunsu, idanunsu ba za su iya motsawa a cikin kwasfa ba, amma ana biya wannan ta hanyar motsi na kai
Duban Cuban. Smallaramin tsuntsu ya cika da tsibirin Cuba. Tsawon jiki kimanin 22 cm, ƙaramin kai, doguwar ƙafafun da ba a taɓa ba su. Wuraren da aka fi so su ne tsaunuka masu duwatsu, maɓuɓɓugan duwatsu. Gidajen mujiya suna cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, koguna a kogwanni. Yana nuna ayyukan dare, yana farautar ƙananan tsuntsaye da kwari.
Yammacin Amurka diba. Tsuntsun yana rayuwa ne a cikin gandun daji masu hade da hade-hade. Tsawon jiki kawai cm 15 ne, nauyin tsuntsun baligi bai wuce g ba 65. Filayen kariya na launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa mai launuka iri-iri da yawa. Ana bayyana fasali mai mahimmanci a cikin launuka ja mai launi a fuka-fuki da faifan fuska. Yana haifar da rayuwar ƙaura. Winters a kudancin Texas, California.
Babban mujiya. Yana zaune a cikin filayen, a cikin dazuzzukan Mexico, Costa Rica. Tsuntsun ya samo sunanta ne saboda hasken girarsa mai haske wanda ya miƙe zuwa tassels na kunnuwa masu ƙarfi daga bunches na fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, layin gabaɗaya yana kama da "ƙaho".
Launi mai launi yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da launuka masu bambanci da ratsi halaye na dukkan mujiya. Gashinsa har zuwa ƙasan yatsun kafa. Muryoyin tsuntsaye iri daya suke da yin kuwwa, ana jin kira a tsakanin dakika 5-10.
An nuna damuwar tsuntsuwar ne ta hanyar fadada jiki, wanda ya sa mujiya ta zama kamar reshe mai kauri. Abincin da ake bayarwa ga tsuntsaye ya kunshi kwari daban-daban, kwari, da kananan kashin baya.
Karamin gidan Аsiоninae ya wakilci matsakaita masu matsakaici:
Mujiya masu dogon kunne. Wani sunan takamaimai shi ne mujiya mikiya a dada don kamanninsu na waje da manyan masu zuwa - bayyananniyar fuskar fuska, idanun rawaya-lemu, manyan ramuka na kunne. An rufe ƙafafu da abin hawa zuwa fika. Babban fasalin tsuntsaye shine gashin tsuntsu "kunnuwa" mai ban dariya wanda ke jan hankali.
Girman masu farautar tsuntsaye matsakaici ne, tsayin jikinsa ya kai cm 80-90. Launi launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne, amma ciki yakan zama fari. Nau'o'in kunnen kunnuwa yaduwa a cikin Nahiyar Eurasia. Tsuntsaye suna da sha'awar manyan gandun daji. Suna yin hunturu a kudancin China, a cikin Kirimiya, Arewacin Afirka, da Caucasus. Idan yanayi ya ba da dama, yana tafiyar da rayuwa ta rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Jamaica diba (taguwar) Birdsananan tsuntsaye masu tsayin 28-35 cm suna da alaƙa da tsibirin Jamaica. Lumbu tare da jan launi, ratsi na halayyar faɗi. A cikin abincin kwadi, kwari, kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Suleman ya ji kunci... Endemic zuwa tsibirin Solomon. Yana zaune a cikin hade gandun daji. Mujiya mai matsakaiciyar girma, tare da zagaye kai ba tare da "kunnuwa" ba. An haɗa launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja da ratsi mai duhu. Fuskar fuska launin toka ce, tare da alamun rufo a goshi da kunci. Abincin shine ossums ya mamaye shi. Kukan tsuntsu abin birgewa ne, muddin ɗan adam yana nishi.
Owls suna da kyakkyawan sauraro
Hawk mujiya. Halin jirgin sama yayi kama da shaho na Cooper, wanda sau da yawa mujiya ke rikicewa da shi. Matsakaicin tsayin tsuntsu yakai cm 35-42. Lilin, kamar dai a yawancin nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa, launin ruwan kasa ne tare da fararen launuka, amma a bayan wuya akwai wata alama ta baƙar fata mai kusurwa. Suna zaune ne cikin gandun daji masu raɗaɗi ko gauraye na Eurasia, Arewacin Amurka. Hawk mujiya tsuntsaye masu farauta ne a kullum, watau aiki a dare da rana.
Mujiya na Mikiya. A cikin Rasha, ana samun tsuntsayen a cikin Gabas mai Nisa, manyan alƙaluman suna mai da hankali ne a cikin dajin tsibirin gabashin gabashin duniya. Ana ba da sunan ta ƙyallen bristles a yatsun tsuntsaye. Ba a bayyana faifan fuska sosai, babu “kunnuwa”, wutsiya da fikafikan suna da tsayi. A tsarin mulki, tsuntsu yana kama da falcons.
Jirgin yana da sauri, abin motsawa, yana ba ku damar farauta a kan tashi. A cikin kamun farauta, mujiya na nuna ƙwarewar tashi - juyawa mai kaifi, nutsuwa, ɗaukar sama a tsaye. Mujiya sun ci amanar kasancewar su da kukan halayya, wanda mutanen Adyghe ke kiran mujiya "uhti-uhti".
Owls yana da tsari mai ban sha'awa na yatsun kafa, yatsun kafa biyu suna fuskantar gaba da yatsun kafa biyu, wanda ke ba ka damar riƙe rassa da ƙarfi cikin sauƙi
Mujiya Birdsananan tsuntsaye masu yalwar duwatsu, faffadan kai. Lumbin launin ruwan kasa ne tare da watsawar farin ɗigon fata, waɗanda galibi suna kan ciki. Kallon mujiya na da kyau, abin tsoro. Wataƙila wannan fasalin ya zama dalilin tatsuniyoyin baƙin ciki masu alaƙa da bayyanar mujiya. Bala'i, asara, gobara an danganta shi da shi.
Mujiya suna rayuwa a cikin shimfidar shimfidar wurare, ana iya ganin tsuntsaye a kan gangaren dutse, mujiya sau da yawa takan bayyana a kusa da ƙauyukan ƙauyuka da biranen. Suna jagorancin rayuwa mai nutsuwa, suna aiki cikin duhu. Kyakkyawan hangen nesa da ji, motsawa cikin nutsuwa yana ba ka damar farauta cikin nasara. Idan akwai haɗari, mujiya suna yin halin da ba na al'ada ba - suna fara lilo da ruku'u.
Mujiya gwarare. Tsuntsayen suna da ƙananan girma, suna da gajere fuka-fukai, wanda tsayinsa yakai cm 40. An bambanta su da wata wutsiya mai ƙarfi, raunin rauni na faifan fuska. Semicircular shugaban ba tare da halayyar "kunnuwa", ƙananan idanu tare da gajeren gashin girare. Filayen launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin launin ruwan kasa masu alamar ƙanƙara masu fari-fari akan fikafikan.
Likin yana rufe ƙafafu zuwa ƙafafu sosai. Yana farauta dare da rana. Yana son yin ƙananan ramuka a cikin rami, kusa da wanda aka bar fata da gashin fuka-fukan ganima. Owananan mujiya suna kama ƙananan tsuntsaye a cikin masu ciyarwar wucin gadi, suna jiran kwanton bauna. Owls Passerine suna yadu a cikin Turai da Asiya.
Owls. Birdaramin tsuntsu mai kwalliya ya gina tare da babban zagaye kai. Plwanƙwan lokacin farin cikin yatsun ya bambanta tsuntsayen da danginsu. Sakin filako yana ƙaruwa da gaskiyar mujiya. Abun launin ruwan kasa baya, kai da fikafikan an rufe shi da manyan ɗigon fari. Wannan halayyar tana bayyana a cikin asymmetry na buɗewar kunne.
Yawan mujiya na da yawa, amma babban rabo ne a hadu da tsuntsu a cikin namun daji. Halin sirri, salon rayuwar dare, kaurin taiga ya baiwa mai farautar wani sirri na musamman. A yayin taron da ba zato ba tsammani, mujiya suna kyalkyali tare da kama bakinsu abin dariya.
Mujiya. Gabatarwa irin na mujiya, wanda na wani lokaci aka dauke shi ya bace. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji masu yawa na Indiya ta Tsakiya. Tsayin tsuntsun yakai cm 23 kawai, nauyi yakai 120 g. Ya banbanta da masu haduwa cikin launi mai duhu, ƙananan alamun haske.
Akwai farin abin wuya a wuya. Babban mujiya tare da diskin fuska mai launuka mai haske. Feetananan ƙafa suna da ƙarfi isa. Sabanin mutane da yawa da ke da alaƙa, ya fi son dajin daji don buɗe sarari.
Mujiya Elf. Owaramin mujiya - tsawon jiki kawai 12-13 cm, nauyi 45 g. Idanu masu haske rawaya sun fita dabam da bangon ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke kallon duniya sosai, kamar dai ɗan mamaki. Thean gutsuri mai ci sau da yawa akan kwari, gizo-gizo, kunama. Bera ko kadangaru babban biki ne a gare su. Saboda rauni mai karfi, mujiyoyi ba za su iya yin gida da kansu ba, suna zama a cikin ramuka da masu katako suka watsar, kuma su ma suna zama a cikin katuwar cacti, tare da ƙayayyar da maharan ba za su iya samun mafaka ba.
Mujiya kadan. Girman tsuntsu ya fi na wucewa. Nau'in jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Turai, Asiya ta Kudu, da Rasha. Suna zaune a yankuna masu tudu, suna kirkirar gida tsakanin manyan duwatsu, a cikin burukan da aka watsar, a ɗakunan tsoffin gine-gine.
Masoyan tsuntsaye galibi suna mafarkin samun mujiya azaman dabbar dabba. Kulawar mai fuka-fukai mai farauta yana buƙatar yanayi na musamman. Nau'o'in mujiya na gida sun hada da marasa ma'ana, daidaitattun sihiri owls, syrups, sito owls. Mujiya na Tawny, mujiya mai kunnuwa mai tsawon lokaci sun dace da kiyayewa a cikin gida. Idan an siye ƙaramar kaza, to zai zama da sauƙi a daidaita dabbar gidan talala.
Namiji koyaushe yana nuna sha'awar owls, bai kasance ba ruwansu da bayyanar su ba, zauna. Wasu sun ga barazana, wasu alama ce mai kyau, amma koyaushe suna gaskata cewa mujiya na ganin wani abu fiye da na talakawa.
