Gabashin Tafkin Baikal, kan iyaka da Mongolia da China, Yankin Trans-Baikal yana nan. Yankin, wanda yake kwatankwacin yanki zuwa babbar ƙasar Turai, gida ne na kusan mutane miliyan 1. Yankin yankin yana cike da damuwa da yawa da damuwa.
Sauyin yanayi a yankin yana da tsananin nahiya, tare da sanyin hunturu da zafin bazara. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a zangon bazara daga +13 ° С zuwa +20 ° С, a cikin hunturu - daga -20 ° С zuwa -37 ° С. Rikodin ƙananan zafin jiki da aka rubuta shine -64 ° С. A cikin mawuyacin yanayin Gabas ta Tsakiya, nau'ikan da ke kamanceceniya da Gabashin Siberia, Transbaikalia, Priamurye da tsatson Mongolia suna rayuwa tare.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa na Transbaikalia
Fiye da nau'in 80 na masu farauta da ƙafa huɗu da shuke-shuke suna rayuwa a hayin Tafkin Baikal. Da yawa dabbobi na Yankin Trans-Baikal bunƙasa, adana bayyanar su ba ta cikin shakka. Wasu ba kasafai ake samun su ba, a bakin gabar halaka.
Brown kai
Ofaya daga cikin masu ban sha'awa na ƙasar. Yana da ɓangare na dangin bear. A zamanin yau, akwai kusan ƙananan raƙuman 16. Yawancinsu sun kai ga wani matsayi wanda za a yi magana a kansu kawai a cikin yanayin da ya gabata.
Siberian, mafi ƙasƙancin raƙuman ruwan ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa, yana zaune a cikin Yankin Trans-Baikal. Girman dabba na iya isa zuwa mita 2.5. Matsayin da ya saba da shi ya kai kusan 400-500 kilogiram, mata masu sauƙin kilogiram 100. Maza na iya yin kitso har zuwa kilogiram 700 a kaka.
Bears, ciki har da beyar Siberia, suna da komai. Abincin su ya ƙunshi tushen, berries, namomin kaza. Kasancewa dabbobi masu motsi, zasu iya samun nasarar farautar artiodactyls. Ba ruwansu da faɗuwa. A lokacin rani, maza da mata suna saduwa: suna kula da ci gaban tseren beyar.
A cikin kaka, sun yi aiki mai wadataccen mai, suna hibernate. A watan Fabrairu, daga 1 zuwa 3 an haifi 'ya'yan beyar a lokacin ɓoyewa. Jarirai suna girma a hankali, har zuwa shekaru uku suna tare da mahaifiyarsu. Adadin rayuwar taiga Siberian bear bai wuce shekaru 30 ba. A cikin bauta, tare da kulawa mai kyau, beyar tana rayuwa tsawon sau ɗaya da rabi.
Kerkeci gama gari
A cikin Yankin Trans-Baikal, mafi yawan raƙuman raƙuman mahaɗan suna rayuwa - na kowa ko kerkecin Eurasia. A kudancin yankin akwai iyakar jinsuna: kerkeci na Mongoliya ya bazu a cikin yankunan da ke kusa da shi. Yanayin sa ya yi daidai, amma ya kasance a wajen Transbaikalia.
Kerkeci Eurasia dabba ce da aka gina ta da babban kai, da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi, da kunnuwa masu kaifi da kuma wutsiya koyaushe. Jawo rani na dabba gajere ne saboda wannan, mai farautar yana da sirara, mara nauyi. Don lokacin hunturu, kerkeci ya cika da gashi mai kauri.
A cikin hunturu da rani, kerkolfci yana farautar dukkan dabbobi banda damisa da beyar mai ƙarfi. Masu farauta suna aiki cikin tsari, daidai da tsarin da manyan ofan kerkeci da ta-duwawu suka kafa. Wannan yana ba ka damar kama mafi girma, dabbobi mafi sauri.
A farkon lokacin bazara, lokaci mai wahala zai fara bayyana dangantakar dake tsakanin maza. A sakamakon haka, mahimmin ma'aurata suna samun damar haihuwar yara. A ƙarshen bazara an haifi ɗiya 5-10.
Bayan ƙarshen madara, ciyarwar mata, duk garken zai fara raba nama da su. Fiye da rabin jariran sun mutu a farkon bazarar rayuwa. Amma damuwar kowa tana tabbatar da karuwar lambobin ta adadi. Ari ga haka, kerkeci suna daɗewa, a matsakaici, shekara 15.
Saboda yawan kerkeci, suna shan asara ba kawai ba dabbobin daji na Yankin Trans-Baikalamma kuma dabbobi. Don gyara yanayin, harbi na kerkeci an shirya. Amma kerkeci sun zama masu juriya, hare-haren da suke kaiwa kan dabbobin gida ya ci gaba.
Pallas 'kyanwa
Masu farauta daga gidan kananan kuliyoyi, dabbobi masu kariya na Yankin Trans-Baikal... Kyanwar Pallas babban mutum mai nauyin kilo 5. Maigidan an ɗan gina shi da ɗan ƙarami: karamin kai mai ƙananan kunnuwa, jiki mai nauyi, gajerun ƙafa, jelar da ta yi kauri. Jawo mai kauri, doguwa yana ba da ƙarin nauyi.
A cikin Transbaikalia, babban yawan kuliyoyin Pallas sun zauna a yankin mai tudu wanda kogin Shilka da Argunya suka yi iyaka da su. Kuliyoyi na iya hawa duwatsu, tsayi sosai, mita dubu 3-4. Yana zaune a zaune, yana zama a cikin sauran burukan da mutane suka watsar, abubuwan bangon dutse.
Dynamarfafawar dabba ta dace da bayyanarta: manul shine mafi yawan wajan wakilcin ɗanyen. Sannu a hankali ba ya tsoma baki cikin nasarar farautar ƙananan dabbobi: rodents, tsuntsaye, squirrels na ƙasa. Kwanton bauna da harin bazata sune manyan dabarun manul.
Pallas 'cat rut yana farawa a farkon bazara. A watan Mayu, mace ta kawo makaho 3-6 makaho. A farkon kaka, matasa suna ɗaure da mahaifiyarsu, suna ɗaukar dabarun farauta. Tun yana da wata 10, kuruciya 'yar farin Pallas sun riga sun iya haifuwa. Mafarauta ba su wuce shekaru 12 ba.
Siberian roe barewa
Hannun halittu na barewa ya haɗa da ƙananan deaure biyu: Turai da Siberia roe deer. A cikin tsaunukan Trans-Baikal, akwai manya - iri-iri na Siberia. Manya maza zasu iya yin girma zuwa 90 cm a ƙeƙasasshe, nauyi na iya wuce kilogiram 45.
Roe deer yana kiwo a cikin daɗaɗɗun daɗaɗɗen gandun daji Trans-Baikal, kuma a cikin yankunan da ke da gandun daji-steppe. Zasu iya yin kiwo a gangaren tsaunuka kusa da iyakar dusar ƙanƙara na dindindin. Roe deer cikakke ne masu cin ganyayyaki, babban abincin shine ciyawa, ganye, ƙanƙanun samari. Abincin yau da kullun na dabba baligi ya ƙunshi aƙalla 3 kilogiram na koren inganci mai inganci.
A rabi na biyu na bazara, rut yana farawa. Ciki ya dade. Ana haihuwar kusurwa lokacin da ƙaramar ciyawa ke da taushi da kuma gina jiki - a ƙarshen Mayu. Wani lokaci mace na haihuwa ba ɗaya ba, amma maraƙi 2-3. Babbar hanyar kiyaye rayuwar jarirai ita ce sirri, sake kamun kai, sirri.
’Ya’yan maruyoyi suna ɓoye lokaci, suna kwance a cikin ciyawa, kodayake suna iya motsawa kai tsaye‘ yan sa’o’i bayan haihuwa. A lokacin da ya kai watanni 2-3, jarirai suna fara bin mahaifin barewa. A layin shekaru 10, barewa na tsufa.
Pikas
Dabba mai kama da hamster daga dangin pikas. a cikin ta akwai jinsi daya ne kawai, amma sama da nau'ikan 30. Nau'i biyu sun zauna a Transbaikalia:
- Manchurian pika. Yankin yanki ne na asalin asalin Amur: Shilka da Argun. Babban tushe ne na kayan abinci na manul.
- Altai ko mai tsayi pika. Wani lokaci ana kiransa pika ta arewa. A cikin Transbaikalia, ta mallaki yankunan kudu maso gabas.
Dukansu nau'ikan suna da girma, nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa 300 g. Matsakaici da matsayin kai yana nuna dangantaka da zomo, amma auricles suna zagaye. Jiki yana da tsawo, wutsiya gajere ce sosai, gabanta da na baya suna da tsayi iri ɗaya.
Pikas suna zaune a kan tuddai masu duwatsu, inda zai yiwu a ɓoye daga abokan gaba, wanda dabbobin suna da yawa. Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin ceton rai shine rayuwar mulkin mallaka. Da yawa, daruruwan dabbobi suna kallon halin da ake ciki, siginonin sauti idan akwai haɗari.
A lokacin bazara-bazara, pikas na iya kawo yara 3, kowane, aƙalla, cubasa 5. 'Ya'yan an lulluɓe shi da ulu, kai tsaye, tare da mahaifiyarsa na tsawon watanni 2-3. Duk rayuwar pikas shekaru 6 ne.
Siberian chipmunk
Daga cikin nau'ikan 25, wannan shine kawai nau'in chipmunk wanda yake a cikin Eurasia. Matsakaicin chipmunk tare da wutsiyarsa ya kai 20 cm, ya kai kimanin 100 g. Chipmunks na iya rikicewa da squirrels. Amma dabbobi suna da wata alama mai ban mamaki - ratsi mai duhu 5 tare da duka jiki, rabu da launin toka ko fari.
Chipmunks sun zauna a yankin taiga na Transbaikalia. A cikin gandun daji da ƙananan gandun daji suna ciyar da tsaba, harbe, acorns, berries. Yi kayayyaki don lokacin sanyi. Kamar ɓarna, suna ɓatar da lokaci mai yawa a cikin bishiyoyi, amma, ban da wuraren ajiyar bishiyoyi, suna amfani da hadaddun burukan ƙasa.
A cikin hunturu chipan sanduna suna bacci. Bayan tashi daga bacci, hada su dan lokaci kadan. Mace tana kawo farkon haihuwa a farkon bazara. Generationarnin dabbobi na gaba na iya bayyana a watan Agusta. Haihuwa tana ramawa ga gajeren rayuwar rodent - shekaru 3.
Zokor
Amazingwaro mai ban mamaki yana wadatarwa fauna na Yankin Trans-Baikal Shin zokor ne Yana zaune a karkashin kasa, yana cikin dangin berayen bera. Ga dabba koyaushe yana aiki tare da rami rami da rami, zokor yana da girma mai girma. Jikin zuriya na manya manya an tsawaita shi zuwa 17-27 cm, jelar ba ta wuce 7 cm ba, idanun kanana ne, kunnuwan ba su nan.
Enedan gajerun gaɓoɓi, fika akan ƙafafu, suna aiki azaman babban kayan aikin haƙawa. Babban, gajeren gashi yana kiyaye jiki lokacin rami. Launi na gashi yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, iri ɗaya.
Zokors masu cin ganyayyaki ne. Kasancewa suna cikin kaburburansu, suna cizon tushen shuke-shuke, suna adana su don lokacin sanyi. Yankunan ba sa yin bacci, suna ciyar da abin da suka girba a lokacin rani. A lokacin bazara, mace na kawowa daga jarirai 2 zuwa 5, waɗanda basa barin uwa har kaka.
A cikin Transbaikalia, akwai ƙananan zokor 2: Daurian da Manchurian zokors. Dukansu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu suna da nau'ikan ilimin halittar jiki, iri iri iri da ɗabi'ar jima'i. Zokors na keɓaɓɓun rabe-raben ƙasashe suna rayuwa daga shekaru 3 zuwa 8.
Tsuntsayen Yankin Trans-Baikal
Steppes, taiga, dazuzzuka, dubban koguna da tafkuna suna ba da mafaka da abinci ga nau'in tsuntsaye dari uku. Dukansu suna gida a Transbaikalia. Kimanin rabin lokacin hunturu sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, zuwa gandun daji na Afirka da fadama.
Buzzard na landasar
Barrows - dabbobin littafin ja na yankin Trans-Baikal, wasu ɓangare ne na nau'in buzzards na gaske, dangin shaho. Nauyin babban tsuntsu ya wuce kilogiram 2, fikafikan fikafikansa yakai m 1.5. Jikin tsuntsayen launin ruwan kasa ne tare da jela taguwarta. Akwai wuta iri-iri. Sau da yawa a cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai tsuntsaye masu launi mai duhu da haske.
Babban abincin Buzzard mai dogayen kafafu shine beraye, gami da gurnani a ƙasa. Tsuntsu na iya kama zomo, shiga cikin ɓangaren gawar. Ana amfani da dabaru guda biyu don neman ganima: lura daga bishiyar da ke kan gaba ko neman ganima a cikin jirgin.
Tsuntsun yana da mata daya. Ma'aurata sun gina gida gida a kan dutse mai duwatsu. A watan Mayu, mace tana yin ƙwayayen ƙwayaye 2-4. Kaji sun bayyana a watan Yuni. Bayan daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu, tsawon rayuwa a cikin gida ya kare. A cikin hunturu, bisa ga zato na masana halittu, tsuntsaye suna aiwatar da ƙaura a tsaye: daga yankuna masu tsananin tsaunuka sai su sauka, inda damuna ke da sauki.
Mai kwalliya
Ya kasance daga jinsin masu goro, dangin corvids. Tsuntsayen karami ne, samfuran da suka wuce 200 g a nauyi ba su da yawa. Gwanin goro na iya yada fikafikansa da cm 65-75. Fitsarin tsuntsaye launin ruwan kasa ne, tare da fararen fata. Wutsiya da fikafikan sun fi jikin duhu duhu, ƙarƙashin ƙarƙashin haske ne. Isarshen wutsiya alama ce da farin iyaka.
Gina jiki yana da yawan kalori. Tana tsinkayar tsaba daga conifers, tana tara katako, 'ya'yan itace, farautar kwari da ƙananan ƙananan dabbobi. A cikin Transbaikal taiga, 'ya'yan itacen pine sune manyan ganimarta. Don lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna yin tanadin hatsi-hatsi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga noman itacen al'ul na Siberia, da sauran nau'ikan itaciya masu yanke jiki da kuma itaciya.
Gidajen Nutcracker an gina su a cikin dutsen daɗa, a kan rassan firs da itacen al'ul. Mace tana yin kwai huɗu fari-kore ko fari-shuɗi. Bayan kwana 18 na shiryawa, kajin marasa taimako sun bayyana. Kimanin kwanaki 25, iyayensu ke basu abinci, bayan haka matasa masu goro sun fara tafiyar da rayuwar tsuntsun taiga mai zaman kanta.
Mujiya
Gidan mujiya ya hada da nau'ikan 214. Mujiya na gaggafa tana zaune a cikin Transbaikalia. Wannan ita ce mafi girman tsuntsu cikin dukkan iyalai. Babban launi na plumage shine ocher, na kowane tabarau, tare da zane.
Owls na musamman ne dabbobi na Yankin Trans-Baikal. A kan hoto wani shudin baka yana baiwa tsuntsayen mummunan kallo. Idanun lemu masu haske, "girare", suna juyawa zuwa gashin tsuntsaye a kai, suna kama da kunnuwa, sun cika kamannun sihirin tsuntsu mai ban tsoro.
Owls ba a ɗaure shi da takamaiman wuri ba. Ana iya samunsu a cikin taiga, dazuzzuka na gangaren dutse da kuma wurin shakatawa na birni. Wato a duk wuraren da akwai kananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Mujiyoyi na Mikiya ba su da kayan haɗi masu ƙarfi na abinci: a sauƙaƙe suna sauyawa daga beraye zuwa tattabarai, kifi ko ƙwari.
A watan Afrilu, mace tana shirye ta sa ƙwai 2-4. Don wannan, an zaɓi maɓuɓɓugan duwatsu, keɓantaccen wuri a ƙarƙashin tsiro, tsakanin bishiyoyi da suka faɗi. Babu gurbi, saboda haka, akwai wurin shiryawa, wanda ya ɗauki kwanaki 30-35. Bayan watanni 2, kajin suna kokarin tashi. Bayan wata daya, sun zama mujiya na gaske waɗanda zasu rayu shekaru 20.
Daursky crane
A cikin Kogin Ussuri, akwai sosai dabbobin da basu da yawa a yankin Trans-Baikal - Daurian ko farin goge-goge. Suna cikin dangin dangi. Wani katon katon babba ya girma kusan 2 m kuma nauyinsa yakai 5.5. Lilin yana da launin toka mai duhu, ana iya ganin azurfar azurfa akan fikafikan. Legsafafun katako na hoda ne, wanda ya banbanta shi da sauran tsuntsayen dangi.
Kodan ya isa komai. Harbe-harbe da saiwoyin shuke-shuke, kwari, tadoji, da ƙananan kifi ana cin su. A lokacin narkar da hatsi, kwanuka kan ziyarci gonakin shinkafa, sha'ir, da waken soya. Amfanin shukokin, a gefe daya, suna ciyar da crane, a dayan kuma, suna cire wuraren da suka dace da gida.
Kwancen Daurian suna son gina gidansu a gefen fadama. A watan Afrilu, tare da bazara mai sanyi a watan Mayu, mace tana yin fari fari biyu, matsakaici ƙwai. Bayan wannan, zuriyar zata ɗauki tsawon wata guda.
Kwancen yara suna ci gaba cikin sauri. Bayan watanni 2.5, suna riga suna gwada halayensu na tashi. Don lokacin sanyi, kwanuka a cikin garken mutane 15-25 suna tashi zuwa kudu na Koriya da Japan. Rayuwar katako yana shekaru 20.
A cikin ƙarami, ta ƙa'idodin Siberia, Yankin Transbaikal, an shirya tanadi 2 - Daursky da Sokhondinsky. Dukansu suna da rikitarwa, yanayin halittu, waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarni na ƙarshe. Yankin Sokhondinsky ya kadada 211,000, Daursky - kadada 45,000. Saukakawa da yanayin yanayi suna ba da damar adana nau'ikan flora da fauna na Transbaikalia.
