Ana yin kamun kifin Baikal a kowace shekara kusa da ƙauyen Turka. An tsara shi don Maris, don kada a daskare, amma don kama kankara. Kama kifin kankara Sun zo ne tawaga daga yankunan Baikal, Yammacin Siberia, da Gabashin kasar.
Hakanan akwai baƙi daga ƙasashen China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. Ana tantance mai nasara da nauyin kifin da ƙungiyar ta kama. Mazauna Khabarovsk sun yi nasara a watan Maris na 2018. Jimlar ƙungiyar ta kama gram 983. Mutum na iya samun ra'ayi cewa akwai kifayen kalilan a cikin Tafkin Baikal kuma ƙarami ne. Shin haka ne?
Tsarin kifin Baikal
Yana cewa wane irin kifi ne ke zaune a Baikal, ichthyologists sunyi magana game da iyalai 15 da umarni 5. Kifi a cikinsu ya kasu kashi biyu:
- siberiyanci
- Siberiyan-Baikal
- Baikal
Na farko halayyar tafkunan Siberia ne. Suna kawai iyo ne a cikin Tsarkakken Tekun. Thearshen suna zaune a cikin tabki da sauran tafkunan yankin. Ba a samo nau'in Baikal a waje da Tekun Tsarkakakke ba.
Kifin kasuwanci na Baikal
Kimanin nau'in kifaye 60 ne ke rayuwa a Tafkin Baikal. Daya bisa uku na kasuwanci ne. An kama nau'ikan 13 a kan sikelin kasuwanci. Rabin su kadan ne. Yana:
1. Perch. A cikin Baikal, yana zaune cikin sararin preu-estuarine na koguna da ke kwarara zuwa cikin tabkin. Kifi na buƙatar ruwan dumi. A cikin sa, ƙwanƙolin ya girma har zuwa santimita 25 a tsayi, yana auna gram 150-200.
Kowane mutum kilogram daya da rabi kimanin tsawon santimita 40 ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu wuya. A cikin rikice-rikicen Baikal, perch yana da kashi 30% na yawan kifin da aka kama. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi kan koma koguna.
2. Dace. A cikin gidan ruwa na Barguzinsky da Chivyrkuisky, daga tan 5 zuwa 400 na wannan kifi. Rayuwa a Baikal mutane, kamar yadda ake iya gani daga ƙididdiga, sauya lambobi daga tsara zuwa tsara.
Kifin da ke gefen bakin teku, yana da jikin da yake gudana tare da manyan sikeli na azurfa. Finafinan finafinan dusar ƙanƙara su ne ruwan rawaya. Ba kamar kullun ba, kifi ya kasance cikin tabki duk shekara.
3. Crucian irin kifi. Akwai nau'in azurfa a cikin Baikal. Abu ne na yau da kullun a cikin raƙuman lakeside, amma a cikin Tsarkakken Tekun kansa yana da wuya. Cararƙarar azurfa ta bambanta da sauran ƙuƙummawa ta ƙarshen dorsal fin.
Yana da haskoki masu kaɗa, kamar damuwa. Koyaya, na karshen yana da ƙegee biyu a bayansa. Na baya yana da laushi. Crucian irin kifi ba shi da ko ɗaya. Kifin Baikal girma zuwa tsawon 30 cm, samun nauyin gram 300.
4. Pike. Wannan kifin kasuwanci na Baikal ya kai tsawon mita daya da rabi. Kowane mutum na 60-80 santimita ana ɗauka a matsayin ma'auni. Waɗannan sun kai kilo 10. Kattai na iya jan 30.
Dabbar ba ta motsawa nesa da nisan kilomita 10 daga gabar tafkin, tana ajiye a cikin ruwan dumi na rafuka. A can, pikes suna kama sandar Baikal mai yashi da sauran wuraren zama, ƙananan kifi.
5. Roach. Sungiyoyin Siberiyan da ke zaune a cikin Baikal. Kifin yana da gajere kai, mai tsayi. A bayan baya, ana rarrabe fin din da hasken reshe. Akwai su 10. Hanyoyin hanji na hanji, na dubura da na fage suna da ja. Akwai wani jan launi a kan idris na idanun roach.
Manyan sikeli masu launi shuɗi mai haske ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske a bayanta. Yankunan kifin silvery ne. Tsawon dabba ba zai wuce santimita 18 ba. 13. Kifayen suna riƙe a cikin makarantu a cikin ruwa mara zurfi tare da silty, ƙasa mai ciyayi.
6. Gobies ko shirokoloboks, wanda akwai nau'ikan 27 a cikin tabkin. Yawancinsu na cikin halin matattarar ruwa. A waje da shi, akwai 'yan jinsuna kaɗan a cikin saman Lena. Hakanan akwai manyan hanyoyi a cikin Hangar. Yana gudana daga Baikal. Saboda haka, kasancewar bijimai a cikin kogin abin fahimta ne.
Kifin tabkin Baikal jagoranci rayuwa ta ƙasa, ba su da kasusuwa na jijiyoyin baya da na baya. Hanyoyi iri daban-daban na mashahurai suna zaune cikin kogin har zuwa zurfin mita 1600. Wannan ya takaita kamun kifi. An kama Gobies da ke zaune a bakin teku.
Hakanan mahimmancin kifin kasuwanci na Baikal ma na gama gari ne ko na ɗabi'a, ba a samun sa a bayan Tekun Mai Tsarki. Akwai nau'ikan 7 a cikin janar janar:
1. Gurai. Subsungiyoyin Siberia suna rayuwa a cikin tafkin, wanda aka ƙara raba shi zuwa nau'ikan 2: baƙar fata da fari. Na farko ana ajiye shi a cikin ragar bakin teku na ƙarshen arewaci da kudanci na tafkin. Kifin ya fi son ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙwanƙwasa, yana zuwa tsayin mita 20.
Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin rani. A waje, launin toka mai launin toka yana rayuwa har zuwa sunan. Akwai launuka masu launin ja-ja a jiki da fika-fikai. Haske farin launin toka. Striarshen jan yana aiki ne kawai a saman ƙarewar ƙarshen. Jikin jinsin ya fi gajarta kuma ya fi tsayi tsayi.
Farar farar kifin a baya ta yi ƙasa da tsayi. A lokaci guda, farin launin toka ya ninka sau 4-5, yana samun nauyi har zuwa kilogram 3. Naman ma daban ne. A cikin farin launin toka, ya fi kyau, ya fi laushi.
2. Omul. shi kifi ya cika da Baikal... Akwai kuma omul na Turai. Wanda yafi girma. Baikal ba safai ya kai kilo 2 ba. Yawancin lokaci nauyin kifin yana zuwa daga gram 200 zuwa kilo 1.5.
A waje, dabbar ana rarrabe ta manyan idanu da ƙananan, ma'auni mara kyau ƙwarai. An yi imanin cewa Baikal omul zuriyar Arctic ne. Ya tsallaka zuwa Tsarkakken Tekun tare da koguna daga Tekun Arctic kimanin shekaru dubu 20 da suka gabata.
A Tafkin Baikal, omul ya canza kuma ya kasu kashi-kashi: kanana, matsakaici kuma dayawa sun cika ramuka. Arshen yana kusa da bakin tekun, yana da girma kimanin 55 a gefen ciki na gills. Matsakaicin stamen omul yana da 48 daga cikinsu.
Kifin yana da ƙoshin lafiya, yana nesa daga bakin teku, amma kusa da farfajiyar. Individualsananan mutane masu ƙarancin nauyi ba su da ƙarancin rassa 44 kuma suna rayuwa a zurfin mita 400. A kan hoton kifin Baikal nau'ikan ukun sun bambanta a tsayin jiki. Shi ne mafi iyaka ga zurfin omul. Yana da doguwar kai da matsakaiciyar rake. Yankin bakin teku kifin Baikal omul gajere.
3. Taimen. Wannan kifin kifin Baikal kunshe a cikin Littafin Ja. Matsayi na farko an sanya shi ga dabba. A takaice dai, jinsin na cikin hadari. Jama'ar sun ɓace daga gefen tafkin Irkutsk. Salmonids ba su da yawa kuma ba su da yawa a cikin kwatar Angara.
Kifin yana da tsayi da ƙananan jiki tare da madaidaiciyar baya. Kashi na biyar na tsawon jiki ya faɗi a kan babban kai. Tana da hakori. Taimen yana girma cikin sauri. Da shekara 10, nauyin dabba kilo 10 ne, tsayin kuwa ya kai santimita 100. Matsakaicin tsayin Baikal taimen ya kai mita 1.4. Nauyin kifin na iya zama kilogram 30.
4. Farin kifi. Wadãtar nau'in kifin Baikal subtypes biyu. Muna magana ne game da lacustrine da lacustrine-kogin siffofin whitefish. Tekun yana da kimanin masu saran gill 30. Kogin farin kifi yana da matsakaicin 24 kuma ƙananan jiki yana rarrabe shi, amintaccen ma'aunin ma'auni.
A cikin mutane na lacustrine, faranti na jiki yana da ƙarfi tsayayye. Kogin farin kifi a Tafkin Baikal yana ciyar da mai ne kawai, yana shiga cikin kogunan a lokacin sanyi. Kifin Kifin ba ya canza wuri a duk shekara.
5. Sturgeon. Wannan jan kifin Baikal a ciki shine kawai wakilin cartilaginous. Dabbar ba ta da kwarangwal. An maye gurbinsa da faranti. Wannan tsarin kwatankwacin tsohuwar kifin ne, wanda sturgeon yake. Yana zaune a ƙasa a zurfin kusan mita 40.
Kifin Baikal ba safai ba, da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Saboda haka, babu kamun kifi. Koyaya, ana shirya gonaki inda ake haɓaka sturgeon musamman don nama da caviar. Bugu da ƙari, ana adana nau'in. Wasu daga cikin soya ana sake su cikin kogunan Baikal da kuma Tsarkakken Tekun kanta.
6. Burbot. Kifin yana da tsayi, kamar maciji, tare da ƙananan sikeli marasa nauyi, an rufe shi da laka. Ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta. Sabili da haka, kifin da ba shi da lafiya sau da yawa yakan shafa a gefen burbots, yana ƙoƙarin warkewa. Wasu lokuta dole ne ku yi iyo zuwa zurfin mita 180 don "likita".
Koyaya, yawancin yawancin suna rayuwa har zuwa mita 60. Babban alamar burbot shine yanayin zafin ruwa. Kifi yana da dadi sosai har zuwa digiri na 10-12.
7. Davatchan. Aananan raƙuman ruwa ne, na kifin kifin. Red Book kifi. Jiki mai ɗaure yana farawa da ƙaramin kai kuma ya ƙare tare da tsinkewa mai tsafta. A gefen davatchan ruwan lemu ne-ja. Bayan kifi duhu ne.
Kifin ya banbanta da sauran lokeshi ta gwal mai yawa. Akwai aƙalla ƙarancin girma akan su 27. Matsakaicin tsawon kifin shine santimita 44. Davatchan yayi kimanin kilogram.
Haka kuma kifin Amur yana zaune a Tafkin Baikal. Yana da kauri, mai fadi, an rufe shi da manyan sikeli na azurfa. An sanya kifin a cikin tekun ba bisa ka'ida ba. Mun yi hakan ne don inganta nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen mazaunan Bahar Mai Tsarki. Mutum 22 na farko na kifin Amur sun motsa a cikin 1934.
Kifin da ba na kasuwanci ba na Tafkin Baikal
Yawancin kifi da yawa daga tafkin Siberia sun fi ban sha'awa ga masana kimiyya fiye da masu amfani da ke mafarkin abinci mai daɗi. Akwai nau'in a cikin tabkin tare da 'yan gram kadan na nama, kuma sha'awar kimiyya ba ta kirguwa. Jerin ya hada da:
1. Golomyanka. Anyi amfani dashi azaman abinci kawai yayin yaƙin. Kar a ɗauki nama daga golomyanka. Amma, kusan rabin nauyin kifin mai ƙiba ne. Sun ci shi bayan sun narke shi. Fat shine haɓakar juyin halitta na golomyanka don rayuwa a cikin rukunin ruwa.
Haka kuma dabbar tana da kasusuwa, kasusuwa masu nauyi, ba ƙananan ƙege ba. Duk wannan diyya ne saboda rashin mafitsara mai iyo. Ya bambanta a cikin golomyanka da nuna gaskiya, a zahiri yana haskakawa. Fry wani lokacin ana gani.
Golomyanka - kifin mai rai da rai na Baikal... Wannan na musamman ne. Kifi mai raɗaɗi yawanci yana rayuwa a cikin teku. Yaushe kuma yaya haduwar golomyanka ke faruwa, masana kimiyya basu gano hakan ba. Nazarin jinsin yana da matsala ta hanyar yanayin mazauni mai zurfin gaske. Baikal mai gaskiya baya faruwa sama da alamar mita 135.
Kuna iya samun ƙananan raƙuman 2: ƙarami da babba golomyanka. Thearshen ya kai tsawon santimita 30. Goananan golomyanka da ƙyar ya wuce 13.
2. Doguwa. Yana nufin manyan hanyoyi, bai wuce santimita 20 a tsayi ba, yayi kimanin gram 100. Dabbar ta bambanta ta dogon fins-oars. Suna haɗe da jiki mai ƙyalli, wanda samansa yana da launin purple purple.
Yawancin yawancin ana samun su ne a yankin arewacin Baikal. Tare da golomyanka, mai fuka-fukai yana da ƙarshen tafkin.
3. Rawancin kai. Ya yi kama da fuka-fukai masu tsawo, amma fin din launuka ne na zinare. A kan kirjin "oars" kifin ba wai kawai iyo yake ba, har ma yana tafiya tare da kasa. Fikafikan kwantena suna kewaye da shi yawancin yankunansu, bazara. Yellowfly yayi tsalle kamar kwado. A tsayi, kifin ya kai santimita 17, yayin da ya kai kimanin gram 16.
Golomyanka da dlinnokrylki na cikin tsari ne irin na kunama. Suborder - slingshot. Yin nazarin wakilansa a cikin Tsarkakken Tekun, ya zama dole a tuna 32 lakabi. Hakanan an raba kifin tabkin Baikal zuwa wasu iyalai:
- golomyankovoe
- zurfin kifi
- mai launin rawaya
Scorpionfish yana da kashi 80% na yawan nau'in kifin a cikin Tafkin Baikal. Duk waɗannan abubuwa ne da ke cikin tafki. Adadin kifin da ke ciki ya kai kimanin tan dubu 230. Ana kama 3-4 kowace shekara. Tun da ba a kimanta kunama, duk “busa” ta faɗi a kan launin toka, omul, burbot da ƙananan nau'ikan halittu.
