Kasa da rabin tarihin "ajiyar" Wannan shine adadin nau'in kerkeci a doron duniya. Akwai lafiyayyun nau'ikan nau'ikan mafarauta guda 7. 2 kuma sun nutse cikin mantuwa. Hudu daga cikin jinsunan da ake dasu yanzu an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja. Daya daga cikin kerkeci har an bayyana ɓacewa. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sunyi nasarar yin fim ɗin "na ƙarshe na Mohicans" akan kyamarorin bidiyo.
Karancin kerkeci
Tun zamanin da, an ba kerkeci ikon aljannu. Ba don komai ba aka danganta hoton launin toka da ainihin duhun mutum. Wannan shine yadda halayyar tatsuniya, wata mahaukaciya, ta bayyana. Ba ya cikin nau'ikan toka na hukuma, kuma ba a tabbatar da kasancewar kerkeci ba. Wata tambaya, kasancewar tsoffin nau'ikan nau'ikan mafarauta guda 8. An tabbatar da wanzuwar su ta hanyar binciken kwarangwal, zane da rubuce rubuce na zamanin da.
Kerkeci mai duhu
Wannan mai farautar ya rayu a ƙarshen Pleistocene. Wannan shine ɗayan zamanin Quaternary. Ya fara shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka gabata kuma ya ƙare shekaru dubu 11 da suka gabata. Don haka mutanen zamanin da suka fara farautar kyarketai. Dabbar ta mutu a cikin shekarun kankara na karshe. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance a lokacin Pleistocene. An bambanta wannan na ƙarshe da tsananin sanyi.
Bayyanar kerkeci mummunan rayuwa har zuwa sunansa. Mai farautar ya kai tsawon mita 1.5 kuma ya auna nauyin kilogram 100. Kyarketai na zamani basu fi kilo 75 girma ba, ma’ana, aƙalla ƙarancin na ukun. Thearfin cizon grays na zamanin da ya wuce rikon grays na zamani kamar da yawa.
Akwai kyarkyaci a Arewacin Amurka. An sami ragowar dabbobi a Florida, Mexico City, California. Wolves daga gabas da tsakiyar nahiyar suna da ƙafafu masu tsayi. Kwarangwal din da aka samo a cikin Mexico City da California gajeren gajere ne.
Kenai kerkeci
Wannan shi ne wanda ya kamata a kira shi mummunan. Koyaya, an sami ragowar launin toka na Kenai daga baya fiye da na zamanin da. Dabbar, wacce ta taba rayuwa a Alaska, ta kai tsawon mita 2.1. Wannan ban da wutsiyar 60cm. Tsayin kerkiti ya wuce mita 1.1. Mai farautar ya auna kimanin mai tsakiya. Irin wannan girman ya baiwa mai farautar farautar farauta.
Kasancewar launin toka na Kenai an kafa shi ta hanyar nazarin kokonnin kerkuku da aka samo a Alaska. Dangane da bincike, an bayyana jinsin a cikin 1944 da Edward Goldman. Wannan masanin ilimin dabbobi ne na Amurka.
Kerkeken Kenai ya mutu daga 1910s. Mazaunan da suka isa Alaska sun hallaka dabbar. Mafarautan sun mutu yayin farautar su kuma saboda amfani da strychnine da mutane sukayi. An samo shi daga tsabar tsuntsayen ceri na tsuntsu kuma ana amfani dashi don kashe beraye.
Newfoundland kerkolfci
Ya rayu ba kawai a tsibirin Newfoundland ba, har ma a gabashin gabashin Kanada. Bayanin sharuddan jinsunan kerkeci, yana da daraja a faɗi farko da duk ɓataccen baƙar fata tare da hawan kan fari-fari. Thean asalin asalin Newfoundland sun kira mai farautar Beotuk.
Settleungiyoyin baƙi masu launin toka sun hallaka. A gare su, mai farautar ya kasance barazana ga dabbobi. Saboda haka, gwamnati ta sanya lada ga kerkukun da aka kashe. An baiwa kowannensu fam 5. A cikin 1911, an harbi launin toka na ƙarshe na tsibiri. A hukumance an bayyana jinsin nau'in ya mutu ne a shekarar 1930.
Karnin mareniya ta Tasmania
A zahiri, bai kasance kerkeci ba. An kwatanta dabbar da launin toka don kamanninta na waje. Koyaya, ɗan Tasmaniyancin nan marsupial ne. Hatta jariran da basu isa haihuwa ba "sun fito" cikin fatar cikin ciki. A cikin jaka, sun ci gaba har zuwa inda zai yiwu a fita.
A bayan kerkitocin Tasmania akwai ratsiyoyi masu ratsawa. Sunyi wahayi zuwa ga ƙungiyoyi tare da zebra ko damisa. Dangane da tsarin jiki, marsupial yayi kama da gajeren gashi mai gajere. Sunan asalin jinsin shine thylacine. An harbi na ƙarshe a cikin 1930. Har yanzu akwai wasu animalsan dabbobi da suka rage a gidan zoo. Kerkiyan Tasmaniya ya zauna a wurin har zuwa 1936.
Kerkeci na Japan
Ya kasance mai jan kunne kuma gajere, ya rayu a tsibirin Shikoko, Honshu da Kyushu. Dabba ta ƙarshe daga cikin jinsunan an harbe ta a cikin 1905. Karnukai biyar na Jafananci sun tsira. Ana nuna ɗayansu a Jami'ar Tokyo.
Sauran dabbobin da aka cushe guda huɗu suma suna cikin Tokyo, amma a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Nationalasa. Jafananci irin kerkecin dabba bai yi girma ba. Tsawon jikin mai farautar bai wuce mita ba. Dabbar ta kai kimanin kilo 30.
A cikin karni na 21, masana kimiyyar Jafananci sun sake fasalin tsarin halittar tsohuwar dabbar daji. Sunadaran sunadarai sun ware daga enamel na haƙoran dabbar da ta ɓace. An cire fuka-fukan daga kwarangwal ɗin da aka samo. An dasa squirrels a fatar kerkeci na zamani. Ya zama cewa kwayoyin halittar grays na tsibirin sun banbanta da 6% daga tsarin DNA na mutanen duniya.
Mogollonian dutsen kerkeci
Ana samun tsaunukan Mogollon a jihohin Arizona da New Mexico. A da akwai kerkeci. Ya kasance launin toka mai duhu tare da alamun farin. Tsawon dabbar ya kai mita 1.5, amma mafi yawan lokuta ya kasance santimita 120-130. Mai tsaran Mogollon ya kai kilo 27-36. An yarda da jinsin a hukumance ya mutu a shekarar 1944. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kerkeci, Mughal yana da gashi mai gashi.
Wolf na duwatsu masu duwatsu
Har ila yau Ba'amurke, amma ya rigaya ya rayu a cikin tsaunukan Kanada, musamman, lardin Alberta. Wani ɓangare na yawan mutanen ya rayu a arewacin Amurka. Launin dabba ya kasance mai haske, kusan fari. Girman mai farautar ya kasance matsakaici.
Akwai Glacier National Park a Montana. An fassara sunan a matsayin "glacier". Yankin yana da sanyi. An san shi azaman farkon shakatawa na duniya a duniya. Ya faru a 1932. Don haka, akwai rahoto game da kerkeci da yawa da ke zaune a Glasy, da kuma daidaitattun sigogin dabbobin da ke cin duwatsu masu duwatsu. Babu wani tabbaci a hukumance game da bayanin har yanzu.
Manitoba kerkeci
An yi suna ne don lardin Manitoba na Kanada. Speciesananan jinsunan suna da kauri, haske, dogon fur. An dinka tufafi daga gare ta. Hakanan, anyi amfani da fatun masu farautar Manitoba don yin ado da kuma rufe gidajen. Wannan ya zama ƙarin ƙarfafawa don harbe ɓarayin da suka yi yunƙurin kashe dabbobi.
An sake sake kerkens din Manitoba a gandun dajin Yellowstone. Koyaya, gwaje-gwajen da aka yi da kwayoyin halittar wani mai farauta ya sa aka sami damar ƙirƙirar "ninki biyu", ba "tagwaye" ba. Kwayar kwayar halittar launin toka ta Manitoba ta zamani ta bambanta kaɗan daga na gaskiya.
Kokarin Hokkaido
Hakanan ana kiransa ezo kuma ya rayu akan tsibirin Hokkaido na Japan. An rarrabe maigidan da babban kwanyar kansa tare da manyan hakora masu lankwasa. Girman dabbar ya wuce sigogin tsibirin Jafananci launin toka, yana zuwa gab da na kerkolfci na yau da kullun.
Hokkaido gashin kerkito ya kasance rawaya kaɗan, gajere. Paafafun mai farautar bai bambanta a tsawon ba. Wakilin ƙarshe na jinsin ya ɓace a cikin 1889. Harbe-harbe iri ɗaya, da aka '' rura wutar '' sakamakon ladan gwamnati, ya zama sanadin mutuwar jama'a. Sun kawar da kyarkeci ta hanyar nome gonakin Hokkaido sosai don ƙasar noma.
Kerkeci na Florida
Ya kasance baki ɗaya, siriri, mai manyan ƙafafu. Gabaɗaya, dabbar tana kama da kerkeci mai rai ja, amma na launi daban. A bayyane yake daga sunan dabbar cewa ta rayu a Florida. An harbi mutum na ƙarshe a cikin 1908. Baya ga farauta, dalilin bacewar jinsin shi ne kaurarsa daga muhalli. Kerkuren Florida ya fi son filayen Amurka.
Nau'in kerkeci na yau
A zahiri, kerkecin da ke yanzu ba 7 bane, amma 24 ne, tunda launin toka na yau da kullun yana da ƙananan nau'i 17. Za mu haskaka su a cikin wani babi na daban. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan 6 na kerkeci sun wadatu da "kadaici":
Red Wolf
Red Wolf — duba, wanda ya mamaye fasalin waje ba kawai launin toka ba, har ma da jackal tare da fox. Launin ja ja na Jawo da tsayinsa a baya da gefunan maharban yana tuno ƙarshen. Bugu da kari, kerkeci yana da kunkuntar bakinsa, kamar jan yaudara. Doguwar, wutsiyar fulawa mai launin jan nama kuma tana kama da fox. Tsarin jiki ya fi kusa da jackal, iri ɗaya ne.
A kewaye da idanu, hanci da kuma ƙarshen wutsiyar jan kerkeci, gashi kusan baƙi ne. Tare da jela, tsawon dabbar yakai santimita 140. Kerkeci ya kai kilo 14-21. Red predator gabatar nau'ikan kerkeci a Rasha, amma an lasafta shi azaman cikin haɗari a ƙasashen Tarayyar. Koyaya, maƙerin ma yana da kariya a wajen ƙasar. Ana ba da izinin farauta a Indiya kawai kuma yana ƙarƙashin lasisi.
Iyakacin duniya Wolf
Yayi fari. Dangane da suna da launi, mai farautar yana zaune a cikin Arctic. Don kada ya kamu da sanyin, dabbar ta yi girma da dogon gashi. Kerkecin daji kuma yana da gajerun kunnuwa. Wannan yana kawar da asarar zafi ta hanyar manyan bawo.
Daga cikin wadanda ake dasu, da kerkeci mai girma yana da girma. Girman dabba ya kai santimita 80. Girma - kuma 80, amma kilogram. A cikin yanayin ƙarancin abinci, mai cin kazamar raƙumi yana rayuwa ba tare da abinci ba har tsawon makonni. To dabbar za ta mutu ko dai, ko kuwa za ta ci gaba da wasa.
Daga yunwa, kerkuku na iya cin kilogiram 10 na nama a lokaci guda. Abincin abinci a cikin Arctic yana raguwa saboda narkewar kankara, canjin yanayi, da farauta. Adadin kerkeci ya kuma rage. An jera shi a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya.
Kerkeci mai Maned
Sunan yana hade da kasancewar "abun wuya" na dogon gashi a wuya da kafadun kerkito. Yana da tauri, mai kwatankwacin abin doki. Kamar mustang, dabba yana zaune a cikin pampas da prairies. Babban yawan kerkeci ya zauna a Kudancin Amurka. Babu wata dabba a ƙetare.
Kerkeci maned yana da sirara, mai tsayi ƙafa. Propertyayan bayan yana ba dabbar damar “nutsar da shi” a tsakanin dogayen ciyawar pampas. Kuna buƙatar lura don farauta, kuma saboda wannan kuna buƙatar kasancewa sama da "halin da ake ciki".
Launin mai farautar ja ne. Ba kamar kerk arci ba, kerkeci mai man yana da manyan kunnuwa. A lokaci guda, haɓakar Ba'amurke ana kamanta ta da mazaunin Arctic Circle, amma ƙasa da yawa. A matsakaita, kerkuku mai nauyin kilo 20.
Babu wata barazanar bacewar nau'ikan har yanzu. Koyaya, an sanya kerk mann maned a cikin Littafin Redasa ta Duniya kamar yadda yake cikin haɗari. Matsayin yana nuna raguwar adadin jinsin da har yanzu yake bunkasa.
Kerkeci na Habasha
Kerkeci nawa kada ku damu, kuma ba za ku sami ƙari kamar fox ba. Dabbar ja ce, mai doguwar doguwa mai taushi, manyan kunnuwa masu kaifi, bakin bakin bakin bakin ciki, manyan kafafu.
Mai farautar yana da matukar damuwa ga Habasha, ma'ana, ba ya faruwa a wajen Afirka. Kafin gwajin DNA, an sanya dabbar a matsayin dodo. Bayan bincike, sai ya juya cewa jinsin halittar dabbar ya fi kusa da kerkeci.
Idan aka kwatanta shi da diloli, kerkiyan Habasha yana da babban hanci, amma ƙananan hakora. Tsayin ɗan Afirka mai ƙyamar inci ya kai santimita 60. Tsawan dabba ya kai mita, kuma matsakaicin nauyi kilogram 19 ne.
An san kerkecin Habasha a matsayin nau'in nau'in da ba a cika gani ba, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya. Wani ɓangare na ƙarancin nau'in saboda hayewa da karnukan gida. Wannan shine yadda keɓaɓɓiyar halittar kerkeci ta ɓace. Daga cikin wasu dalilai na bacewar, babban abin shine cigaban yankuna daji da mutane.
Tundra kerkolfci
Karamin nazarin wadanda ake dasu. A waje, dabbar tana kama da mai farauta, amma ba ta da girma, nauyinta bai wuce kilogram 49 ba. Tsayin manyan maza ya kai santimita 120.
Mata sun fi na wakilan da suka fi ƙarfin jima'i girma, nauyi, amma ba a tsawon jiki ba. Jawo mai kauri na tundra kerkuku ya kunshi gashin gashi masu tsayi kimanin santimita 17 da ƙyamar ƙasa. Layer na karshen shine 7 cm.
Kerkeci na Spain
Smallaramin kerkeci mai launin ja-toka, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana zaune a Spain. An bayyana jinsin ya mutu, amma masana kimiyya sun yi nasarar gano mutane da yawa da ke raye. Kyarketai na Spain suna da fararen alamu akan lebensu da alamun duhu akan jela da goshin gabansu. Sauran mafarautan suna kama da kerkuku na yau da kullun. Masana kimiyya da yawa suna ɗaukar Spanish ɗin a matsayin ƙananan ƙasashe.
Grey kerk wci da ire-irensa
Rukuni goma sha bakwai na launin toka mai launin toka lambar dangi ne. Masana kimiyya suna mahawara game da rabuwa da wasu wannan ko wancan yawan. Bari mu san kananun da suke “kare” haƙƙinsu na keɓe wuri a rarrabe. Ana samun shida daga cikinsu a yankin ƙasar Rasha:
Kerkeci na Rasha
Yana zaune ne a arewacin kasar, yana da nauyi daga kilo 30 zuwa 80. Mata sun fi maza ƙasa da kashi 20%. Wata rana, mafarauta sun harbe har lahira kuma suka kashe mai cin kilogram 85. In ba haka ba, an kira kerkeci na Rasha talakawa, baya buƙatar gabatarwa ga bayyanarta. Game da fushi, a cikin launin toka yana da rikici fiye da dabbobi iri ɗaya daga Amurka. Wasu daga cikin kerkitocin gama gari baƙi ne a launi.
Kerkeci na Siberia
Na al'ada ba kawai ga Siberia ba, har ma na Gabas mai nisa. Ba kawai launin toka ba ne, amma har da daidaikun mutane. Fur dinsu mai kauri ne, amma ba dogo ba. Girman Siberian bai ƙasa da na talakawa ba. Kawai yanzu, dimorphism tsakanin maza da mata na ƙananan raƙuman ba a bayyana su sosai.
Kokarin Caucasian
Daga cikin kyarketai na Rashanci, fur dinsa gajere ne, mara nauyi da kaɗan kamar yadda zai yiwu. Dabbar da kanta karama ce, da wuya ta wuce kilogram 45. Launi na mai farautar Caucasian yana da launin toka-toka. Sautin yana da duhu Siberia da kerketai na kowa suna da launin toka mai haske, kuma thuja kusan baƙar fata ne.
Kerkeci na Rasha ta Tsakiya
Wannan launin fata mai launin toka yana da karaya. Wakilan rabe-raben sun fi karnukan tundra girma. Tsawon jiki na launin toka na Tsakiyar Rasha ya kai santimita 160. A tsayi, dabbar ta kasance santimita 100-120. Yawan kerkeci na Tsakiyar Rasha yana samun kilogram 45.
Theananan raƙuman ruwa na al'ada ne ga yankunan tsakiyar Rasha, kuma lokaci-lokaci suna shiga Yammacin Siberia. An fi son gandun daji. Saboda haka, akwai madadin suna don ƙananan - kerkeci gandun daji.
Kerkeken Mongoliya
Daga cikin waɗanda aka samo a Rasha, ƙarami. Mai farautar yana rayuwa a cikin dajin-tundra na Kamchatka da Yammacin Siberia. A waje, kerkeci na Mongoliya ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin girma ba, har ma a cikin launin sautin fari na gashi. Yana da tauri, mara nauyi ga tabawa. Sunan jinsin yana hade da mahaifarsa. Ita ce Mongolia. Daga nan ne kyarketai na ƙasashen suka koma yankunan Rasha.
Steppe kerk .ci
Yana da launin toka mai tsatsa, wanda yake kula da launin ruwan kasa. A baya ya fi duhu, kuma a gefuna da kuma kan cikin dabbar ya fi haske. Gashin mafarautan gajere ne, mara yawa kuma maras nauyi. Stepananan raƙuman raƙumi na launin toka mai launin ruwan toka mai launin ruwan toka mai launin toka ne irin na kudancin Rasha, wanda ke zaune a ƙasashen Caspian, a gefen tsaunukan Caucasus da yankin Volga na Volasa.
Ya zama bayyane dalilin da ya sa Russia ta kira kerkeci launin toka. A yankin Tarayyar, sautin launin toka yana cikin launi na duk masu cutar da ke rayuwa a nan. Koyaya, a ka'ida, kerkeci duka ja ne da baƙi. Koyaya, komai launin dabbar, girman shine babban abu a cikin tsarin zamantakewar jama'a. Mafi yawan mutane sun zama jagororin kerkutoci. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan maza ne.
