A cikin 2017, masu kera kamun kifi na Rasha sun kama tan miliyan 4 da dubu 322 na albarkatun ruwa. An tara kifin a cikin Arewa, Azov-Black Sea, Basins basins, the Baltic Sea da kuma yankunan Angola, Morocco.
Rasha tana da yankunan kamun kifi kusa da waɗannan jihohin. Yana da mahimmanci a san albarkatun kimiyyar cikin ruwa, don haka a yi magana, da mutum.
Wani irin kifi ne ake ɗauka kamar kasuwanci
Kifin kasuwanci shine abin kamawa. Wannan na iya zama kamun kifi na nishaɗi don dalilin cin dabbobi ko don takin zamani, yin kitse, tufafi da jakunkuna.
Mutanen Arewa, alal misali, suna yin tufafi, jakunkuna, takalma daga fatar mazaunan ruwayen. Kusan kowace uwar gida na wuraren zama na Nok sun san yadda ake sana'a daga kifi.
Bukukuwa sun daidaita don yiwa kansu tufafi daga fatar kifi
Hakanan ana ɗaukar kifin da kamfanoni suka kama don siyarwa akan sikelin masana'antu. Ana amfani da kayan kifin don yin magunguna, takin zamani iri ɗaya da mai mai fasaha.
Wasu daga cikin abincin da mazaunan ruwa ke bayarwa ba abune mai yiwuwa ba. Misali, ana yin lu'ulu'u na wucin gadi daga sikeli.
Ya bayyana cewa babu ƙaramin ƙarar kamun kifi. Idan kifin da ba shi da sha'awa ga masana masana'antu an girbe shi cikin tsari guda, ana ɗaukar nau'in na kasuwanci.
Matsayi na sama kama kowace shekara ne jihar ke tsarawa, yana damuwa da masana'antun haƙo. Suna da sha'awar kifin kasuwanci mai mahimmancisaboda sayar da shi yana da amfani ta fuskar tattalin arziki. Hakanan ana buƙata:
- buƙata a cikin kasuwannin cikin gida ko na ƙasashen waje
- karatun rayuwar kifi, ko girman su
- isa ga kamun kifi dangane da wurin zama
Don haka, ba shi da fa'ida, wahala, kuma wani lokacin ba zai yuwu ba don shirya kamun jigilar benthic jinsin da ke rayuwa a zurfin dubban mitoci kuma ba sa hawa saman.
An kama kifin da ya tashi sama ko kuma yake rayuwa a zurfafa. Wannan baya halatta farashin shirya masunta.
Idan karamin kifin kasuwanci abune mai ban sha'awa ga masana'antar masana'antu kawai tare da tsarin rayuwar makaranta, sannan kuma ana kama ƙattai na ruwa tare da mata. saboda haka babban kifin kasuwanci fa'ida koda kuwa a bayyane ya ke game da kamawa.
Ba wai kawai ruwan teku ba, har ma da nau'ikan kogi da tafki ana gane su kamar kasuwanci. Za su iya:
- Samun shi a cikin daji.
- Kiwo a gonakin kifi.
Girbin soya a ƙarƙashin yanayin wucin gadi yana ba da damar adana adadi mai mahimmanci na yawan jama'a. Wannan yana faruwa, misali, tare da sprats.
A cikin 2017, an tono su a cikin Tekun Azov-Black Sea da tan dubu 12 ƙasa da na 2016. A gefe guda, an rubuta karuwar wasu nau'in kasuwancin a bara.
Kifin kifi
Adadin kifayen da ke doron duniya sun kai nau'in dubu 20. Na karshen sun hada da jinsunan da ke rayuwa a mafi yawan lokuta a wasu jikin ruwa, kuma suna zuwa diga cikin wasu.
Kifin kifi kuma yana rayuwa kuma yana yaduwa a cikin ruwan gishiri. Nau'uka sun kasu kashi biyu:
- a kan waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin manyan matakan teku
- kasa
- da kasa
A karshen hada da, misali, flounder. Jan kifi ya manne a saman.
An haƙa kifin kasuwanci na teku nau'ikan kamun kifi guda biyar:
1. Tare da taimakon ta, masunta ke tantance wuraren da ake tara kifin, suna banbanta kasuwanci da wadanda ba na kasuwanci ba.
2. Sau da yawa ana jifa da abin ƙyama daga bakin teku ko kuma nesa da shi.
3. Jira 'yan awanni ka cire akwati cike da soya.
4. Watau inji guda na iya daga kifin guda 150 a ciki.
5. An cire tasirin cutarwa na hanyoyin sadarwa da tarkuna idan sun ɓace.
Ruwa na ruwa, kamar sauran nau'ikan, an kasa su cikin dangin kifi na kasuwanci... Wannan ya sauƙaƙa don haddace rayuwar teku, rabe-rabensu.
Sunaye da nau'ikan kifin kasuwanci
Sturgeon
Kifaye na iyali basu da sikeli kuma suna da kayatarwa. Madadin haka, akwai tsinkaye - nau'in igiyar guringuntsi.
Stellate sturgeon
Ana kiranta da uwar sturgeons. Tsawon sturgeon stelgeon ya kai mita 3-4, yana da nauyin kilo goma.
Nowananan ƙarfe sturgeon yana lalata ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa. Elwararrun mashahuran kansu, a halin yanzu, suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin sauro, crustaceans, da benthos. Sauran kifin suna cin abincin ne kawai idan babban abincin yayi karanci.
Beluga
Mafi girman kifin da aka samu a cikin koguna, ya kai tsayin mita 6 kuma ya kai kilogram dubu 2.5. A cikin karni na 21, ba safai ake kama belugas masu nauyin kilo 300 ba.
An samo beluga a cikin Tekun Caspian da Black, suna iyo a cikin kogin Danube da Ural.
Bajamushe dan Rasha da Siberia
Jinsunan Rasha suna rayuwa a cikin Tekun Azov. Madatsun ruwa da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki sun sanya wa kifi wuya, musamman manyan kifaye, yin kaura.
Sturgeon na Siberia shine kifin kogi. Kowane mutum ya fi na Rasha ƙanƙanta, suna da tsayin mita 2 a tsayi, suna samun nauyin kilogram 200.
Karu
Sakamakon tsallaka beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon ne. Wannan yana rikitar da kayan tarihi.
Kifin ya sami sunan shi ne saboda spines mai kama da mazugi da ke gudana a bayanta. Hakanan dabbar ta bambanta daga sauran ƙwayoyin cuta ta eriya a ƙananan leɓe.
Kifi
Salmonids suna da adipose fin kusa da wutsiyar su. Ya isa a faɗi cewa akwai kifaye masu ja da fari tsakanin wakilan dangi.
Kifin salmon da na Baltic
'Ya'yan Caspian suna rayuwa ne daga gabar yamma da tekun Caspian. Kifayen Baltic suna rayuwa a cikin Tekun Baƙi da Baki.
Kifin salmon na Caspian na iya ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 51, amma galibi yawan kifin kifi 10-13 ne. Kifayen Baltic sun fi girma.
Kifi
A gabar Tekun Fari, ana kiran shi kifi kawai. Lokacin da suke zaune a arewa, yawan kifin kifi yana da kyau anan sai kawai a kama kifi ja. Salmon ya ciyar da baƙi, ya ba su izinin zama a cikin mawuyacin ƙasashe.
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa kifin kifin yana kama ƙanshin koginsu na asali, a nisan kilomita 800. Salmon ya shiga rafuka don haɓaka.
Salmon Chinook
Ya ɗanɗana kamar kifin kifi, amma ƙasa da mai. A Oregano da Alaska, har ma ana ɗaukar kifi a matsayin alama ta ƙasa.
Hakanan ana samun salmon na Chinook a cikin Rasha. Sabili da haka, wani lokacin ana kiran dabbar salmon sarauta.
Chum
Kifi ja, 5% an haɗashi da amino acid mai ƙanshi. Sabili da haka, masana masu ba da abinci mai gina jiki suna ba da shawarar yin odar abinci tare da ƙwaya a cikin bukukuwa.
Kamar ruwan kifin mai ruwan hoda, kifin kifin kamar chum yana mutuwa ne bayan da aka sake shi. Wasu lokuta mutane suna shirye don haifuwa kawai a shekaru 7-10.
Salmon ruwan hoda
Daga cikin kifin kifin, kifin kifi mai ruwan hoda shi ne mafi taurin kai da rashin daidaiton fahimta a sarari. Wannan yana shiga hannun mafarauta waɗanda ke kama kifin kifi mai ruwan hoda a lokacin rikici.
Kasancewa a cikin teku, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda launin toka ne kuma kusan ba a dawo da shi. Jiki yana ɗauke da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja da canje-canje a cikin rafuka, ma'ana, kafin a fara haihuwa.
Jayen kifin
A lokacin tsaran haihuwa, ya zama ja mai haske. Masanan da ba su da kwarewa sosai suna rikita jinsin.
Kifin da ake kira Sockeye kifi ne mai matsakaici. Wakilan jinsunan sun girma zuwa matsakaicin santimita 80, suna samun nauyin kilogram 4.
Red kifin mai salmon ya zama ja yayin juyawa
Coho
Ba wai kawai launin toka ba ne, amma ƙirar ƙarfe ce ta musamman. Yana girma zuwa mita, yana da nauyin kilogram 15.
Russia suna kiran coho salmon ba azurfa ba, amma farin kifin. Naman kifin ja ne.
Har ila yau ana kiran Coho salmon azurfa
Nelma
Alama ce ta Siberia ichthyofauna. Saboda haka, kifaye suna maida hankali a bakin kogunan da suke kwarara zuwa cikin teku.
Nelma bai sake iyo ba zuwa yamma fiye da Farin Tekun Fari. Kifin jajaye ne babba, tsawonsa ya kai mita daya da rabi, yana samun nauyin kilogiram 50.
Farin kifi
Ya buɗe jerin salmonids tare da farin nama. Wannan ya sanya rabe-raben jinsunan suka rikice.
Farin kifin yana da tsayi, low, elongated, amma koyaushe bashi da haƙori. Wannan shine yadda wakilan jinsin ya bambanta da sauran salmonids.
Omul
Kunshe a ciki babban kifin kasuwanci Tafkin Baikal. Akwai kuma omul na Turai. Daga cikin wakilan Turai na jinsi, mutane masu nauyin kilogiram 4-5 sun fi yawa.
Omul yana da taushi, mai, nama fari. Non yana cike da amfani mai ƙanshi da bitamin.
Kifi
Jinsin ya hada da karamin kifi 19. Sauran kamun kifin suna shimfida har zuwa kusan santimita 50.
Duk kifin da ake amfani da shi na aiki ne ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ba. Wasu daga cikinsu iska ce ke kada su daga ciyayin dake gabar teku.
Ji
Kifin kifin kifi na kasuwanci tare da farin nama mai kamshin turarukan sabo. A saboda wannan, mutane sun lakafta shi da sunan kokwamba. Kifin baya tafiya nesa dasu.
Moanshin moananan yara, Asiya da Turai an fishi a Rasha. shi nau'in kifin kasuwancigalibi masana masana'antu ke haƙa shi. 'Yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu, saboda ƙaramin girman narkewar, sun fi so su kama manyan mazaunan ruwa.
Irin kifi
Dukkanin cyprinids suna da tsayi, dorsal fin. Yawancin membobin gidan suna da tauri, suna rayuwa cikin wadataccen oxygen, jikin ruwa mai daskarewa.
Irin kifi
Kifin yana da ruwa mai kyau, amma zai iya iyo a cikin yankunan bakin teku na Azov da Caspian Teas. Carp ya fi son yankunan da suka yi girma da algae da ciyawa tare da jinkirin gudana.
An rufe jikin kifin da manyan sikeli masu nauyi. Wata alama ta daban ita ce eriya guda biyu a saman leben dabbar.
Irin kifi
Ciyarwa kamar boars. Saurin ribar da aka samu da kifi ya zama kwatankwacin haɓakar aladu, kuma naman kifin yana da ƙiba.
Sunan jinsin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar helenanci "karpos", wanda ke nufin "'ya'yan itace". Mace na yin kwai kimanin miliyan 1.5.
Kuka
Mai hankali don magance juriya. Kuna iya ɗaukar tsinkaye tare da hatsi, ciyawa, da kuma raƙuman ruwa.
Ba kamar yawancin cyprinids ba, bream yana kula da rashi oxygen a cikin ruwa. Akwai damar da za a kamo manyan maganganu, yawanci ana ajiye su a ƙasa.
Asp
Daga cikin cyprinids, sanannen ɗan damfara ne, amma mutane sun warwatse ko'ina cikin tafkin, wanda ke rikitar da masana'antar masana'antar.
Asp ya kai santimita 90 a tsayi, samun nauyin kusan kilogram 7.
Roach
Bambance-rikicen ba shi da hankali sosai, ana iya kama shi tare da kowane irin abu ba tare da zaɓar ƙirar ba. Matsakaicin nauyin roach shine gram 400.
Roach yana son manyan kogunan ruwa da tafkunan da ruwa mai ƙaranci. Magunguna suna rikitarwa a cikin ciyawa, snags, da algae.
Vobla
Ana haƙa shi a cikin kwandon Caspian. A cikin busasshiyar siga, ana ɗaukar vobla a matsayin abincin giya, sabili da haka ana kama shi a sikelin masana'antu.
A lokacin hunturu, vobla an rufe ta da laka mai kauri. Ana neman dumi, irin kifin da ke kwance zuwa bakin tafki.
Ganyayyaki
Bayan baya na herring koyaushe duhu ne, kuma ciki azurfa ne. Ana iya ganin fin ɗaya a bayan kifin, kuma jelar tana da sanarwa sananne.
Yada
A ciki na sprat akwai sikeli kama da ƙaya. Bugu da ƙari, keel yana ƙara sauƙaƙe zuwa dabba, yana inganta motsi.
Matsakaicin tsayin daka shine santimita 10. A cikin karni na 19, ba su ci sprat a bakin tekun Ingila ba, amma sun aike ta ne don takin gonaki, don haka akwai kamun kifi mai yawa.
Sardines
A karo na farko, farautar kamun halittar ta fara kusa da tsibirin Sardinia. A tsawon, ya kai matsakaita na 25 santimita.
Ya bambanta da sauran sardines na ganyayyaki ta sikelin ɓarna a ƙarshen ƙarancin caudal da haskakawar fitowar fitowar al'aura.
Tulle
Wannan shi ne dada herring. Madatsar ruwa tuddai ce, sanyi.
Nau'ikan tulka na yau da kullun suna rayuwa a cikin tekun Caspian, Azov da Black.
Atlantic, Pacific, Baltic da Azov-Black Sea herring
An san herring a matsayin mafi yawan kifaye a duniya. Kifin kasuwanci na Arewa ya kai tsawon santimita 40.
A tarihi, maganganun da ke haifar da ƙaura. Wataƙila, a yau ana kiran Caspian, Azov da Kifin Bahar Maliya za su canza sunayensu a cikin ƙarnuka da yawa.
Cod
Fananan firam ɗin kifi suna kusa da ko a gaban ƙashin ƙugu. Yana da fin din dubiya guda 1 da kuma fin dorsal 2 kawai.
Haddock
Yana zaune a cikin tekun Arctic. A tsayi, wasu mutane sun kai santimita 75, yayin da nauyinsu ya kai kilo 4.
Duhun baya na haddock yana lilac. Ciki na sautin madarar dabbobi. Akwai tabo mai duhu a gefen kai.
Navaga
Ya yi fice a tsakanin kifi na kodin don wadataccen abun sa, yana da amfani sosai ga lafiyar, amma sabo ne kawai. Lokacin daskarewa, navaga ya rasa abubuwa masu mahimmanci da bitamin.
Matsakaicin tsayin navaga yakai santimita 40. A zahiri kuma a cikin mahimmanci yana kama da pollock.
Burbot
Guda ɗaya daga cikin kifin kifin yana rayuwa a cikin sabo. An kama shi a cikin tekun Black, Caspian, Baltic da White tekuna.
Daga cikin kogunan Siberia, burbots sun zaɓi Yenisei da Selenga.
Cod
Yana zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi. An dauke su a matsayin abinci.
Akan ambaci lambar lokacin da aka tattauna sunayen kifin kasuwanci... Saboda haka sunan dabba.
Mackerel
Bakin mackerel
Yana da launin launi, a matse gefe, jiki mai tsayi. Naman Mackerel yana da wadataccen mai mai amino acid. Matsakaicin tsawon mutanen Bahar Maliya ya zama santimita 50.
Tare da rabin mita, mackerel yana da nauyin gram 400. Kowane mutum ya ɓace cikin makarantun dubbai, wanda ya sauƙaƙa wa masunta kama.
Mackerel na Atlantic
Fatter kuma mafi girma fiye da Black Sea. Wakilan jinsunan arewa sun fadada santimita 60, suna samun nauyin kilogram 1.6.
Mackerels suna da girma cikin girma. Idan an kama babban mackerel, kifi na gaba tabbas zai zama ganima.
