Kashi 12% na yankin Rasha ruwa ne. Murabba'in kilomita 400,000 tabkuna ne. Akwai fiye da 3,000,000 daga cikinsu a cikin ƙasar.Mafi yawancin sabo ne. Tekun Gishiri a Rasha basu kai kashi 10% na duka ba. Jinsunan ruwa iri-iri suna ba da nau'ikan kifayen a cikinsu. Daruruwan nau'ikan mallakar tafkin ne. Akwai 60 a cikin tafkin Ladoga shi kaɗai. Amma bari mu fara da Baikal. Ya ƙunshi 90% na ruwan tsarkakakken Rasha. Kifi fa?
Kifin tabkin Baikal
Ta yawan nau'in kifin, Baikal bai gaza Tafkin Ladoga ba. A cikin Tekun Tsarkakakke, akwai abubuwa kusan 60. Sun kasu kashi 15 da kuma umarni 5. Fiye da rabi daga cikinsu nau'ikan Baikal ne waɗanda ba a samun su a cikin sauran ruwan. Daga cikin waɗannan:
Omul
Yana nufin farin kifi. Iyalin omul salmon. Kifin ya kai santimita 50 a tsayi. Nauyin ya kai kilo 3. Ko da shekaru 50 da suka gabata, akwai daidaikun mutane tsawon santimita 60 kuma nauyinsu ya wuce kilo 3. A tsawon shekaru, omul ba kawai yana raguwa ba, har ma yana mutuwa. Raguwar yawan mutane yana da alaƙa da kamun kifi mai aiki. Dangane da wannan, a cikin yankunan Baikal, an gabatar da ƙuntatawar kamun kifi don nau'ikan halittu masu ƙarancin jini.
Kifin da ke zaune a cikin tabki sun kasu kashi biyar. Mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun omul Severobaikalsky. Har ila yau, akwai jakadu, Selenga, Barguzin da Chivyrkuy. An sanya suna don wuraren su a Tafkin Baikal. Yana da Barnuzinsky da Chevyrkuisky bays. Posolsk da Selenginsk gundumomi ne a bakin tafkin.
Golomyanka
Kifi ne kawai mai tsada a tafkin Baikal. Toin jefa ƙwai ba al'ada ba ce ga tsaunin arewa. Yawancin kifin da ke raye rai suna rayuwa a wurare masu zafi. Hakanan, golomyanka ya fice don bayyane. Zuban jini da kwarangwal ana bayyane ta cikin fatar dabbar.
Bayan kafawa a cikin Baikal shekaru 2,000,000 da suka wuce, golomyanka ya samar da nau'i biyu. Babban ya kai santimita 22 a tsayi. Goananan golomyanka - 14 cm kifi a cikin tabki.
Sunan golomyanka yana da alaƙa da girman kansa. Yana lissafin kwata na yankin jiki. Babbar bakin ta cika da ƙananan hakora da kaifi. Suna taimakawa wajen samun nasarar farautar ɓawon burodi da soya.
40% na yawan golomyanka yana da mai. Yana bayar da kifin da ruwa mai tsaka. Kifin a zahiri yana shawagi a tsaye ko jirgi mai karko.
Ana ɗaukar Golomyanka ɗayan kifi mafi kifi
Deephead mai watsa labarai
Yana zaune a cikin zurfin har zuwa mita 1,500. Kifin yana da babban kai tare da goshi mai faɗi da jiki mai laushi mai laushi. Akwai nau'ikan 24 a cikin iyali. Wakilan mafi girma suna da tsawon santimita 28. Broadaramin ɗaukakawa mai girma ba girma zuwa 7.
Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'in gobies 29 a cikin Baikal. 22 ne kawai daga cikinsu ke cikin bala'in tabkin. Jimlar nau'in kifin Baikal na musamman shine 27.
Girman manyan hanyoyin yana daga kanannu zuwa manyan mutane, ya danganta da nau'in
Kifin tabkin Ladoga
Idan Baikal shine babban tabki a Rasha, to tafkin Ladoga shine mafi girma a Turai. Daga cikin nau'ikan kifayen gida guda 60 akwai:
Farar kifin Volkhov
Wannan yanki na Tabkin Ladoga ya kai tsawon santimita 60 kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 5. Dangane da haka, nau'in Volkhov yana daya daga cikin manyan kifin fari. Yawan jama'a yana cikin Littafin Ja. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhovskaya ta toshe hanyar samar da kifi. Yayin da yake a bude, ma'ana, har zuwa kashi na uku na farko na karni na 20, kamun kifin Volkhov yana kama da wutsiyoyi 300,000 a shekara.
An jera farin kifin Volkhov a cikin Littafin Ja
Atlantic sturgeon
Kunshe a cikin nau'ikan dadaddun yanayin tafkin kifi... Lokaci na karshe da aka ga wani tsaunin Atlantika a Tafkin Ladoga ya kasance a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata. Wani nau'in kifi mai rai na musamman ya zauna a cikin tafkin. Fatana ya kasance cewa yawan ruwan tabkin bai mutu ba dari bisa dari. Za ku ga tsaurarawa a Ladoga, ku sanar da ayyukan muhalli.
Sananne ne cewa yawan lacustrine-kogin na mashahurin Atlantika ya rayu a cikin wasu jikin ruwa a Faransa. Ana samun mutane marasa aure a Georgia.
Sauran kifaye na Lake Ladoga ba su da banbanci, amma suna da mahimmancin darajar kasuwanci. Ana samun ɓarkewar Pike, bream, pike, burbot, perch, roach, dace a cikin tafkin. Kama a cikin Ladoga da rudd, eels, chub. Latterarshen na irin kifi ne, yana samun nauyi har kilo 8, kuma yana girma a tsayi zuwa santimita 80.
Kifin Tekun Onega
Akwai nau'ikan kifaye 47 a Tafkin Onega. Vendace da narkewa sune manyan kifin kasuwanci a cikin tafkin. Tafkin bashi da wadataccen yanayi. Saitin kifin ya zama ruwan dare gama ruwan jikin Karelia. Sunaye masu kaɗan da daraja a cikin Onega suna nan, misali:
Sterlet
Sterlet na sturgeon ne. Sun bambanta a cikin guringuntsi, maimakon ƙashi, kwarangwal. Hakanan, sterlet bashi da ma'auni kuma mawaƙa tana nan. A wasu ganyayyaki, an maye gurbinsa da kashin baya.
Sterlet yayi girma har zuwa mita 1.5, yana samun nauyin kilogiram 15. Kifi ya shahara da dandano, yana da jan nama. Koyaya, sterlet yana gab da halaka. An haramta kamun kifi na kasuwanci.
Wani fasali na daban tsakanin sauran 'yan sturgeons shine katse leɓan ƙasa. Ya ƙare a farkon sulusin farko na lebe na sama. Na sama yana kama da hanci. An nuna shi kuma an juye shi, wanda ya ba kifin kamannin dabba mai ban sha'awa da wayo.
Sterlet, kifin da bashi da sikeli
Palia
Yana nufin kifin kifi. Duk da matakan kare palia, lambobin ta na raguwa. Tafkin Onega na daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun da ake kama dabbar Red Book sau da yawa a kan matsalar kamun kifi.
Palia yana da nau'i biyu: ludozhny da kunya. Sunan karshe yana nuna mazaunin kifaye a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, a wurare masu zurfi da keɓaɓɓun wuraren tafki.
Naman Palia ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi daɗi a tsakanin kifin salmon. Kifin koguna da tabkuna samun nauyi kilo 2. Akwai keɓaɓɓun waɗanda nauyinsu yakai kilo 5. A lokaci guda, a cikin zurfin gani, jikin yana yin azurfa iri ɗaya. A cikin caji, yana zaune kusa da tabkin Lake Onega, cikin ciki ne kawai yake da haske. Bayan kifi ya zama shuɗi-shuɗi.
Palia na ɗaya daga cikin kifayen da ba su da yawa
Baya ga siyarwa da narkewa, farin kifi, pike perch, burbot, roach, ruffs, pike da perch suna yaɗuwa a Tafkin Onega. Nau'in fitila iri biyu suma na kowa ne. Fisharshen kifi na ƙarshe ba shi da jawki kuma yana kama da babban ƙyalle. Lampreys sun tsaya ga waɗanda aka cutar, suna cin jininsu.
Kifin Farin Fari
A da akwai gonar kifin masarauta a gabar ruwanta. An kafa shi a karkashin Mikhail Romanov. Bayanin kamun kifi na tafkin ta hanyar mizanin da ya dace da zamani an yi shi ne a ƙarshen karni na 19. Sannan a cikin White Lake an kidaya kusan nau'in kifaye 20. Daga cikin su akwai narkewa da siyarwa. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna buƙatar jikewa da ruwa tare da iskar oxygen, suna nuna kyakkyawan yanayi na Farin Tekun. Hakanan ana zaune ta:
Asp
Ana kiran wannan wakilin dangi irin na doki da filly. Wuyar faɗi wane irin kifi ne a cikin tabkuna tsalle daga cikin ruwa kamar yadda yayi tsayi. A wasu lokuta, asp yana hawa don neman abin farauta. Mai farautarsa yana danne ta da wutsiya mai ƙarfi. Cin kifin da ba shi da motsi, chub yana kawar da buƙatar tonowa ciki da haƙoranku. Wakilin dangin kifi ba su da su.
Matsakaicin nauyin asp shine kilo 3. Kifin ya kai santimita 70 a tsayi. A cikin Jamus, an kama mutane 10 kg. A Rasha, rikodin kilo 5 ne.
Zander
Anyi la'akari da mafi ƙimar kifin na Kogin White Lake. Babu endemics a ciki. Kifi yana zuwa wurin tafki daga kogunan da suke gudana a ciki, misali, Kovzhi da Kema. Sun haɗu da Fari a gefen arewa. Wannan bakin teku yana dauke da mafi yawan kifi
Pike perch a cikin White Lake yana da mai, mai daɗi, babba. Daya daga cikin kifin da aka kama ya kai kilo 12. Mun sami ganima a arewa maso gabashin tafkin. Tsawon kifin ya wuce santimita 100. Manyan masu girma dabam halayen halayyar pike perch ne na yau da kullun. Shine wanda aka samu a Farin Tekun. A cikin wasu wuraren tafki, akwai wasu nau'ikan 4.
Kasancewar kogin pike a cikin Tekun Fari yana nuna tsarkin ruwanta. Kifin ba zai iya jure wa gurɓatawa, ko da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi Amma akwai iyakar pike perch. A cikin kifin mai nauyin kilogiram 2, an sami gobies 5 da ruwan dare 40.
Pike perch ya fi son zama a cikin ruwa mai tsabta
Chekhon
Na dangi ne. Kifin yana da tsayayyen jiki, a bayyane. Babban bayyanar yayi kama da herring. Sikeli na dabba ya fadi kasa cikin sauki. Wani haƙiƙanin gaskiyar sabrefish shine ƙarancin nauyi da girma. Samun tsawon santimita 70, kifin ba shi da nauyi fiye da kilogram 1.2.
Matsayin saberfish koyaushe yana nuna motsawar zander. Dangane da haka, waɗannan kifin suna kama ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Pike perch da gaske yana ciza a hankali. Chekhon ya kama ƙarar da ƙarfi, cikin hanzari.
Anɗanar duk kifin a cikin Farin Tekun yana da ɗan daɗi, ba tare da ƙanshi mai dausayi ba. Wannan saboda yanayin ruwan da ingancin sa. Busasshen kifi yana da irin wannan dandano, amma yana da daɗi saboda ƙari na sodium glutamate. Yana da kayan haɓaka dandano. Beloozersk kama yana da kyau ba tare da ƙari ba.
Kifi mai lalata fararen tafkuna
Akwai sunaye da yawa da aka sani a cikin masu cin abincin kogin Rasha. Koyaya, wannan baya roƙon darajar kifin ba. Bari mu tuna wasu daga cikinsu.
Kifin Kifi
Wannan mai farautar ya kai kilo 5 da kilo 300. Kifin yana da annashuwa, a zahiri yana jan wanda aka azabtar, yana buɗe bakinsa kaɗan. Kifayen kifin suna jagorancin rayuwa ta ƙasa, suna ɓoyewa a cikin ɓacin rai a ƙarƙashin tsaurarawa, a gefen bakin teku. Kifi ya fi son wuraren waha mai zurfi, ruwa mai laka.
Rotan
Kifi mai farauta na dangin katako. Sunan dangi da jinsin kansa yana nuna fasalin sa. Shugaban yana da sulusi na ɓangaren jiki, kuma bakin dabba ba daidai ba. Dabba tana farautar tsutsotsi, kwari, soya. Abin da ya fi girma ya fi ƙarfin rotan, wanda akwai su da yawa a cikin bakin kifin. Fitar da masu girma dabam. Matsakaicin rotan da kyar ya wuce gram 350, kuma tsawon sa santimita 25.
Loach
Kifi mai tsawo da tsawo tare da bakinsa kewaye da eriya 10 a ƙasan kai. Loungiyar tana da ƙyallen wutsiya mai taushi, kuma waɗanda suke a jiki ƙarama ne kuma suna da santsi a cikin sifa.
Wani irin kifi ake samu a cikin tabki loach ba shi da sha'awar musamman. Kifi kamar maciji yana ciyar da tsutsotsi, molluscs da ɓawon burodi, yana nemo su a ƙasan. Achungiyar tana da ƙarancin buƙatu akan tafkunan ruwa, rayuwa har a busassun. Kifin ya koyi yin numfashi ta ciki da fata. Suna maye gurbin gills da ke aiki a gaban ruwa. Lokacin da ruwa ya kafe, sai login ya shiga cikin ramin, ya fada cikin wani irin rayayyen motsi.
Pike
Anyi la'akari da mafi lalacewa a cikin tabkunan Rasha. Kifin yana kama duk abin da ke motsawa, har da danginsa. Suna gane pike ta fiskar jikinsa da tsayi mai tsawo. Launi na kifin yana da rami ko tabo.
Don kar a ci shi da kansa, pike yana girma cikin sauri, ya kai nauyin kilogram a cikin shekaru 3 kawai. Isar da nauyin kilogiram 30-40, dabbar ta zama a saman jerin kayan abinci na tafkin. Gaskiya ne, tsofaffin pikes basu dace da abinci ba. Naman ya zama mai tauri kuma yana wari kamar laka. Kifin shi kansa shima ciyayi ne na ciyayi. Masunta sun kama ƙattai, kama da lodin tartar.
Char mai tsayi
Kayan kifi wanda har yanzu yana rayuwa a zamanin Ice Ice. Ana samun shi, alal misali, a Tafkin Frolikha, a Jamhuriyar Buryatia. Jirgin kifi ne. Kifin ya kai tsawon santimita 70 da nauyin kilogram 3. Nau'in alpine yana cin ciyawar da ke busasshen busasshe da ƙananan kifi. Dabbar ta banbanta da char da aka saba da shi a cikin karami karami da gudu a jiki.
Grey
Sunan yawancin kifayen farauta na tabkunan Rasha da alama sananne ne. Koyaya, dabbobin kansu na kwarai ne. Bari mu tuna, alal misali, launin Baikal. Whiteananan raƙuman kifaye suna rayuwa a cikin tafkin. Launin mutane da gaske haske ne. Kifi ya haɗu da ruwa mai tsabta. Thearamar gurɓatar tabkin na haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a.
Bayan ita, akwai tabkin launin toka a Tafkin Baikal. Dukansu rukunin biyu na ajin Siberiyan ne. Hakanan akwai launin toka na Turai wanda aka samo a cikin tabkunan yammacin ƙasar.
Farin Baikal launin toka
Hoto yana da launin toka mai launin toka
