Fauna na Turai, bambancin sa da fasalin sa
Turai ba ita ce mafi girman nahiya ba, amma har yanzu tana mamaye da yankin Eurasia mai faɗin kusan kilomita miliyan 102... Yankin wannan ɓangaren na duniya ya faɗi yamma daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Uwar Ural ta gabas.
Tare da iyakar arewacin ta, nahiyar tana fuskantar sanyi, galibi an rufe shi da ƙanƙara, sararin teku. Kuma a kudu, yankin Bahar Rum yana iyaka da Afirka mai zafi.
Ainihin, yanayin fili yana wakiltar filaye, kuma kashi ɗaya cikin shida na yankin yana mamaye da tsaunukan tsaunuka. Yanayin yanayin yanayi na yankuna daban-daban suna tantance rarrabuwar nahiya zuwa yankuna na asali: daga hamadar arctic da ƙarancin tundra mara iyaka zuwa hamadar hamada da subtropics. Dangane da yanayin, wakilan fauna da ke zaune kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman.
A cikin karnin da ya gabata, yankin Turai ya kasance ɗayan cibiyoyin wayewa, inda masana'antu ke haɓaka cikin sauri, ana ci gaba da mamaye yankuna don ƙasar noma.
Dangane da wannan, namun daji, ciyayi da dabbobin duniya na Turai, waɗanda a da suke da wadata sosai, a hankali mutum ya kore su daga ƙasashe masu asali.
Tabbas, wannan yayi mummunan tasiri akan yanayin flora da fauna, da kuma yawan wakilan ta. Yawancin nau'in halittu masu rai sun ragu sosai, ko kuma sun ɓace gaba ɗaya daga fuskar duniya. Adadinsu dayawa yanzu suna gab da bacewa.
Koyaya, masarautar yanayi tana ci gaba da rayuwarta har zuwa yau, kuma dabbobin Turai ba za a daina mamakin irin su ba. Wasu jinsunan sun saba, suna zama kusa da mutane.
Sauran wakilan fauna, masu kariya a wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, suna wanzuwa kuma suna hayayyafa a cikin yanayin su. Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan kusurwar ita ce Belovezhskaya Pushcha - wani abu ne na kiyaye yanayi wanda yake da mahimmancin duniya, inda hotunan budurwowi na iya taɓa zuciyar kowa da kyawawan kyawu.
Mafi yawa daga wakilan Turai fauna suna zaune ne a yankin gandun daji masu tsire-tsire da haɗe-haɗe, har ma da yankunan taiga. Amma kuma yawancin halittu masu rai suna zama a cikin tuddai, tundra da rabin hamada.
Hotunan dabbobi na Turai tare da sunaye, kazalika da bayani game da rayuwa da cikakkun bayanai game da bayyanar mambobin wannan masarautar, abin da ke tattare da shi, da farko, a cikin bambancinsa, za a gabatar da shi a kasa.
Maƙarƙashiya mai daraja
Akwai barewa da yawa. Sun banbanta launi, girma da tsarin jiki, da kuma sifofin kaho. Wasu wakilan dangin barewa, suna da tsayin jiki na tsawon mita biyu, sun kai kimanin kilo 200. Wasu nau'ikan sun ninka kanannu biyu, tare da nauyin da ya ninka sau hudu.
Jan barewa tsakanin abokan aikinta sanannen sananne ne ga siririn jiki, yana mai farin ciki tare da dogon wuyansa, ginawa daidai gwargwado da launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa masu bayyana idanu.
Yana da doguwar kai da goshi mai ɗan kaɗan. Maza sun yi fice tare da ƙaho masu rassa - babban makamin yaƙi da abokan hamayya na mata. Launin waɗannan kyawawan halittu, waɗanda ba su da tabo a lokacin bazara, an bambanta su da launin rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa. Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna zama a cikin sarari da farin ciki na gandun daji, waɗanda ke cike da ciyawar ciyawa, waɗanda ke zaune galibi a sararin samaniya.
A cikin hoton, jan barewa
Reindeer
Da zarar, mai badawa ya taimaki mutum ya mallaki Arewa, kuma yanzu suna ci gaba da zama masu amfani ga ƙananan ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke zaune a waɗannan ƙasashe masu tsananin dusar ƙanƙara. Waɗannan kyawawan kyawawan halittu ne, mazaunan taiga da tundra.
Shortananan gajerun kafafunsu basa hanasu gudu da kyau da sauri. Dumi, launin toka, kusan fari, ulu yana da tsari na musamman, wanda ke taimaka musu su rayu cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Gashi, rami a ciki, cike yake da iska, wanda ba wai kawai yana kiyayewa daga tsananin sanyi ba, amma yana sa ya yiwu irin waɗannan halittu suyi iyo da kyau. Wadannan dabbobin arewacin Turai suna son yin liyafa a kan gandun daji na dabba, wanda ke rufe ƙasar mara iyaka, saboda haka, mutane da yawa suna kiran wannan tsire-tsire.
Mata daga halittar dabbar dawa, tare da maza, suna da ƙaho na marmari, wanda ya bambanta da sauran dangi, wanda a cikin sa ne kawai maza za su yi alfahari da irin wannan ado. Irin waɗannan makamai fiye da sau ɗaya sun cece su a cikin faɗa tare da abokan hamayya masu zafi, waɗanda mafi yawansu sune kerkeci da kerkeci.
Reindeer
Kurege
Wannan sanannen ƙaramar dabbar tana da siririn jiki, yawanta yawanci baya wuce kilogiram 7. Anyi wa kawunan wadannan halittu ado da dogayen kunnuwa masu tsaka-tsalle, godiya ta yadda zomayen suna da ji mai kyau, sun bunkasa fiye da tabawa da kamshi.
Wani fasalin daban na irin wadanan dabbobi shine dogayen kafafuwa, saboda karfin halin da zomaye ke da damar buya daga makiya.
Launin fatar jikinsu ya danganta da yanayi: a lokacin bazara fur din yana da launin ruwan kasa, ruwan kasa ko ja-mai-toshi, a lokacin sanyi kusan fari ne ko fari-fari, wanda ya kafa tushen karin magana da maganganu.
Kawai kunnuwan halittun da ke saurin girgiza ne suke zama baki duk shekara. Kwayar halittar kurege ta hada nau'ikan halittu da yawa. Farar kureren yana zaune ne a arewacin Turai da Rasha. Za a iya samun zomo na Turai a cikin gandun daji na Turai. Sauran nau'ikan zomaye sun sami mafaka a nahiyar, amma duk ba a san su sosai ba.
Brown kai
Da cikakkiyar magana, wannan dabbar ba koyaushe take da launin ruwan kasa ba, amma yana iya zama baƙar fata, ya bambanta da launin shuɗi ko launin rawaya na ulu, har ma ya fita da launin ja mai zafi.
Daga cikin masu farautar ƙasa, ana ɗaukar beyar mai ruwan kasa a matsayin babban wakilin duniya dabbobi. Samun babban mazauni a sassa da yawa na duniya, an kuma tsara shi a tsakanin dabbobin Turai. Mafi ana iya samun wata babbar halitta mai irin launin ruwan goro a nahiyar Turai a cikin Scandinavia.
Nauyin samfuran ɗayan waɗannan membobin gidan beyar na iya kaiwa 400 kg. Bear mai launin ruwan kasa tana da jiki mai siffa mai nauyin gaske tare da halayyar haushi. Ana rarrabe tafin ta da ƙafafun kafa.
Saboda wannan ingancin da kuma yanayin tafiya, shiga ciki, mambobin wannan dangi sun sami laƙabin: kwancen kafa. Gabansu ya yi tsawo, bakinsu ya yi tsawo, kan su yana zagaye.
Bears dabbobi ne masu cin komai, da farko dai su mafarauta ne, amma daga tatsuniyoyi an san yadda wadannan halittu suke son zuma, da kuma bishiyar bishiya, da kwaya, da 'ya'yan itace da sauransu. Da zarar an sami irin waɗannan wakilan fauna a duk faɗin yankin Turai.
Yanzu, saboda tsananin raguwar lambobi, suna rayuwa galibi a ciki Yammacin Turai, dabbobi ana iya samunsu a cikin Apennines, Alps, Pyrenees, kazalika a cikin tsaunukan Cantabrian.
A cikin hoton beyar mai ruwan kasa ce
Lynx
Kyakkyawan ɗan damfara ne mai haɗari wanda aka samo shi a ƙasashe da yawa na Turai, ƙari a cikin yankunan arewa da gabashin shi. Lynx yana da gajere kuma mai tsayi, kimanin mita. Launin gashi na dabbobi na iya zama launin ruwan kasa-toka ko ja. Mulos ɗin karami ne kuma zagaye ne, akwai tassels a kunnuwa, da "kunar bakin wuya" a gemu.
Theafafun suna rufe da fur mai kauri, yana ba ka damar motsawa ba tare da daskarewa ba, cikin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara. Don rayuwa, waɗannan halittun suna zaɓar dazuzzuka masu zurfin gaske, inda suke samun nasarar farautar mazaunansu, suna kai hari ga waɗanda ke fama da su da hanzari.
Dabbar lynx ta Turai
Wolverine
Akwai nau'ikan raƙuman dabbobi guda biyu, ɗayan yana rayuwa a Turai. Wolverine babban wakili ne na dangin weasel, dabba ce ta musamman, mai saurin fushi da son kai, tana hawa bishiyoyi daidai, farauta da daddare, galibi tana afkawa dabbobi masu rauni da raunuka, bawai raina gawa ba.
Siffar jikin dorinar ruwa mai tsayi, jiki yana da danshi, tsugune saboda gajerun kafafu. Yana da shaggy, lokacin farin ciki da dogon fur. An samo shi a cikin Scandinavia da yankunan arewa maso gabashin nahiyar.
A cikin hoton akwai Wolverine
Polar bear
A cikin hamadar sanyi na Arctic, wanda ya fi son yankuna masu sanyi da ruwa mai buɗewa, wannan babban mai farautar yana rayuwa, yana dacewa da rayuwa a cikin mummunan yanayi mai haɗari.
Masu mallakar farautar kankara su kadai, suna ciyarwa galibi akan hatimai. Rufe baƙin hanci tare da ƙwanƙwasa - wuri kaɗai da ya yi fice a bayan farin farin ulu a tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara, cikin dabara cikin tsanaki, kamar 'yan leƙen asiri, suka ɓuya a cikin ganima, ba tare da kula ba suna hutawa a kan kankara, suna kashe shi lokacin da aka kai musu hari da ƙwanƙwasa ɗaya.
Polar Bears daidai ya shiga cikin jerin manyan dabbobi na Turai... Nauyin wannan dabbar, ya bambanta dangane da jinsi da halayen mutum, ya kai ɗaruruwan kilogram.
Mata yawanci ƙananan ƙanana ne, galibi nauyinsu bai wuce kilogiram 150 ba. Amma samfurin maza na maza yana da ban sha'awa sosai. An ɗauki nauyin rikodin a gare su kusan tan.
Wolf
A waje, wadannan dabbobin, wadanda suke rayuwa a yankin da ke nahiya daya, suna kama da manyan karnuka masu karfin tsoka da dogayen kafafu. Suna da katuwar kai, kunnuwa masu yatsa, jelar rabin mita mai kauri, galibi suna fadi kasa.
Sanannen bakin kerkeci yana dauke da hakora 42. Kerketai na yara sun zo wannan duniya da shuɗi da idanu, amma ba da daɗewa ba sai suka sami launin zinari-mai-launin ruwan hoda ko lemu mai haske, suna haskakawa cikin duhu, abin tsoro kuma, a lokaci guda, suna faɗakar da waɗanda ke cikin wannan ɓarnar mai cutar.
Fox
An rufe shi da ban mamaki rawaya-orange ko ja ja, wannan mai cin abincin canine yana da nauyin kilogram 10. Yana da dogon jiki siririya tare da kananan gabobin hannu wadanda suka kare da kyawawan kafafu, wanda da shi ne Fox yake takawa a hankali a hankali yayin motsawa.
Waɗannan halittun suna da doguwar jera mai walƙiya wacce ke taimaka musu su daidaita daidaito yayin gudu da sauri. A cikin bin abin da suka kama, suna iya yin takara cikin mota tare da mota. Foxes suna fitar da sautunan haushi, galibi suna bayyana abubuwan da ke kewaye yayin wasan mating.
Miski sa
Wakilcin dangin bovids, dangi ne na awaki da raguna. Irin waɗannan halittu suna da sabon abu mai ban mamaki (kamar yadda kuke gani hoto). Dabbobi a cikin Turai samu a Sweden da Norway.
An rufe bijimin musk da tsananin laushi, a wasu wurare dogayen gashin kai, wanda ke sanye da sutura mai laushi. Gashi a bayansu yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, an san mutane fari. Suna narkewa kowace shekara a farkon bazara.
Saho wanda yake da danshi mai santsi da siffar zagaye musamman yana bayyanar da bayyanar waɗannan halittu. Irin waɗannan kayan ado suna kan kan juna kusa da juna, an raba su ne ta hanyar stripan tsiri na fluff ko ulu kawai. Shanu miski na rayuwa cikin garken shanu. Waɗannan manyan dabbobi ne, masu iya kaiwa mita biyu a girma.
Dabbar musk
Bison
Amma har yanzu dabba mafi girma a Turai shine bison - wakili na ƙarshe na bijimai a wannan yanki na duniya, dangi na kusa da bishiyar Amurka.
Da zarar irin wadannan halittu sun kasance suna da yawa, ba wanda ya taba su, suna ta yawo ta hanyar dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka na kudu maso gabas, yamma da tsakiyar nahiyar Turai.
Dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. A waje, suna kamanceceniya da bijimai, suna da katuwar kirji, amma kunkuru mai kunkuntar. Babban kawunan su, wanda aka sanya masa kambi tare da dogon ƙaho mai lankwasa, ana bambanta shi da goshi mai faɗi.
Jiki a rufe da gajeren gashi. A farkon karnin da ya gabata, bison yana cikin mummunar barazanar hallaka. Kuma ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen son kai na masana kimiyya, ma’aikatan gidan zoo da kuma mutane suka taimaka wajen kiyaye waɗannan halittu masu ban al’ajabi ga na baya.
Bison a hoto
Bushiya
Wannan kyakkyawa, mara cutarwa, an rufe ta da allurai, ana samun dabba a Turai. Yana zaune cikin dazuzzuka da steff, zai iya zama kuma ya fitar da 'ya'yansa a cikin lambuna kusa da gidajen ɗan adam.
Sau da yawa ana iya samun dabbar tana lulluɓe a yankunan da ciyawar ciyawa ta yi girma. Yawancin mutane sun san halayen sa na juyawa zuwa cikin spiky ball a lokacin haɗari. Yaman bushiya suna da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, masu ma'ana da idanu masu haske. Suna da matukar amfani wajen kashe kwari masu cutarwa.
Elk
A cikin dangin barewa, wannan dabba ana ɗaukarta mafi girma, kuma dangane da tsayin mita uku tsakanin tsaka-tsalle, ba shi da na biyu ga rakumin daji. Amma jikinsa gajere ne, amma kafafunsa dogaye ne.
An kawata kai mai nauyi da tururuwa irin ta halayyar giwa, sun kasance ƙananan kaɗan kuma masu son fita gefe. Farautar da ba a tsare ba ta haifar da halakar waɗannan dabbobi... Na Kasashen Turai yanzu ana samun su galibi a cikin Scandinavia da kuma yankin wasu jihohin a wannan ɓangaren na duniya.
Hoto mai hoto
Boar
Babban aladen daji wanda ke rayuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a yankuna yamma na nahiyar, wanda galibi ana auna nauyinsa a cikin rubu'in tan. Dabba ce mai tarin yawa wacce take da katuwar kai da hancin motsi.
Legsafafun boar ba su da gajere. Koyaya, yana gudana da tsalle sosai. Jikinsa, yana ƙarewa a ƙaramin wutsiya tare da tassel, an rufe shi da m, ulu mai ruwan kasa-toka.
Waɗannan mazaunan gandun daji ne da dazuzzuka na daji, waɗanda ke son cin katako, suna birgima kamar kowane aladu a cikin laka kuma suna ɗumi cikinsu da rana. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin gandun daji, musamman a cikin shinge na koguna, waɗanda bankunan ke cike da ciyayi.
Iyalin boar
Weasel
Duk da sunan, yana da tsananin zafin rai da annashuwa, amma mai kyawu da karamci mai girman karami, wanda yawanci tsawon jikinsa ba ya wuce cm 25. ulu da dabba ta dangin weasel tana da launin ruwan kasa-ja-ja, kawai wuya da ciki sun fita fari.
Fatar wadannan kananan halittun ba su da kima da daraja, kuma ba shi da sauki a farautar dabbar da ke tsere, saboda haka, mutum ba shi ne babban makiyin weasel ba, amma yana iya zama ya zama ganima ga manya masu cin nama.
Weasels suna da fa'ida mai girma, ta hanyar hallaka gungun mayaƙan. Ana samun dabbobin a wuraren da suka cika daji da daji, suna samun mafaka a kogon duwatsu.
Sakar dabbobi
Ferret
Dabbar da ta kai kimanin kilogiram 2 kuma memba ne na dangin weasel. Jikin wannan dabba mai shayarwa mai tsayi ne kuma mai sassauci, tsugune saboda ƙananan ƙafafun ƙafafu.
A yatsun dabbar akwai dogayen dogayen kafafu masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ba dabbar damar tona rami mai zurfi da hawa bishiyoyi da kyau. Bugu da kari, ferrets suna iyo da kyau, kuma suna tsalle a ƙasa.
Launin kyawawan Jawo mai taushi na dabbobi na iya zama baƙar fata, yashi har ma da fari. Ana ganin fatun Ferret suna da matukar daraja, wanda hakan ya haifar da halakar da yawan su.
Ferret a cikin hoton
Otter
Ba babbar dabba mai cin nama ba, mai kimanin kilo 10. Wadannan dabbobin suna daukar lokaci mai yawa a cikin ruwa, suna cin kifi da kayan kwalliya, sannan kuma suna cin qwai na berayen duniya da tsuntsaye.
Suna iyo da kyau, kuma lokacin ruwa, zasu iya riƙe numfashin su na dogon lokaci. Kamar kowane wakilin gidan weasel, suna da sassauƙan jiki da ƙananan ƙafa, amma kuma an sanye su da membranes.
Hakori da haƙoransu masu kaifi ne sosai. Wutsiyar tsoka ce kuma doguwa ce. Filayen otter na kasa-kasa na musamman yana da daraja sosai, kasancewar ana iya sa shi baƙo. Akwai kusan nau'in 17 na irin waɗannan dabbobi.
Maganganu
Marten
Siririn kuma dogo jikin wannan mai farautar yana da kusan rabin mita. Mulen marten yana da kaifi; yana da ƙananan kunnuwa masu kusurwa uku, masu kaifi cikin rawaya. Wutsiyar tayi daidai da rabin tsawon jiki.
Fata mai laushi mai laushi ta dabba ta ƙunshi furotin mai ruwan kasa mai daraja. Bugu da ƙari, gashin hunturu ya fi wadata da kauri. Waɗannan halittu suna ɓatar da lokaci mai yawa a cikin bishiyoyi, suna motsi da yardar kaina tare da rassan, suna yin tsalle na tsawon mita huɗu.Gudun gudu sukeyi a kasa suma. Rayuwa mai aiki tana farawa ne cikin dabbobi lokacin faduwar rana.
Hotuna martens
Ermine
Wani dabba mai launin fata mai tamani, wanda aka rarrabe gashinta a lokacin hunturu da inuwa mai farin dusar ƙanƙara, ana ɗaukarsa alama ce ta tsabtar rashin tsabta. An yi amfani da fatun wannan halittar don yin ado da suttuttukan rawanin, wanda daga gare su aka yi rigar alƙalai.
A cikin girma, ermine ya ɗan fi marten daraja. Yana da kai mai kusurwa uku, da kananan kunnuwa, da doguwar wuya da gajerun kafafu. A lokacin bazara, gashinsa ya zama launuka biyu: launin ruwan kasa-ja sama, da yawa ƙasa ƙasa. A cikin Turai, ana samun dabbar, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, a cikin tsaunuka masu laushi, yawanci suna zama kusa da ruwa.
Kuskuren dabba
Sable
Fur din wannan dabba mai shayarwa daga dangin mustelidae, girman wutsiyar sandar na iya zama kusan rabin tsayin jikinta, ana iya yin fawn, yashi-rawaya, launin ruwan kasa ko mai haske sosai. Yana da karfi kuma mai lalata, mai matsakaicin matsakaici, mazaunin taiga. Tsawan tsallersa na iya zuwa 70 cm.
Hoto hoto ne na dabba
Kurege
Wannan dabba mai shayarwa, wacce aka lasafta ta azaman bera, abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari dabbobi, zaune a Turai... Tsuntsaye suna sauka a kan bishiyoyi, suna tafiya tare da tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle daga wannan reshe zuwa wani, suna kafa ba kawai gandun daji masu zurfin ba, amma lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na manyan biranen nahiyar.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da dogayen kunnuwa da jiki, wata jelar bushi kashi biyu bisa uku na girman su da kuma kafafu masu kaifin farce. Jajensu ja ne, baƙi mai duhu launin launi. 'Yan iska ba sa tsoron mutane kwata-kwata, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kusan zama marasa ƙarfi, suna karɓar goro da magunguna daga hannun mutane.
Chipmunk
Na dangin squirrel ne kuma yana kama da danginsa a cikin bayyanar. Rodarfin ya kai nauyin g 150 kawai. Yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launuka daban-daban da doguwar jela. Chipmunk mazaunin itace ne, yana zama a cikin dajin itacen willow, gandun daji Birch, ceri tsuntsu. A cikin Turai, ana samun shi musamman a yankunan arewa.
Hoton chipmunk ne
Gopher
Wani dan sanda daga dangin squirrel. Mazaunin gandun-tundra ne, yana zaune kuma da ciyayi da tuddai na sararin samaniya. Yana da gajerun kunnuwa da dogayen kafafu na baya.
Rigarsa na iya samun launuka iri-iri: daga shunayya zuwa kore. Dabbobin suna zama a cikin ramuka, waɗanda suke haƙa kansu. Gophers suna rayuwa cikin yankuna, suna ciyar da shuke-shuke da kwari.
A cikin hoton akwai gophers
Rakumi
Waɗannan mazaunan yankuna masu bushewar jiki, masu tauri ɗaya ko kuma masu taurin fuska biyu, masu iya rayuwa na dogon lokaci ba tare da ruwa ba, suna da zafi sosai kuma basu sami tushe a nahiyar ba, duk kuwa da irin ƙoƙarin da aka sa a ciki.
Amma har yanzu, ana iya samun irin waɗannan halittu a wasu yankuna na Gabas da Kudancin Turai. Dabbobi yi dogon wuya, mai lankwasa; zagaye, kananan kunnuwa; fur mai laushi
Yanayi ya ba su kariya daga yashi wanda a kowane lokaci yakan shiga idanuwa da hancin hancinsu lokacin da suke ratsa hamada, yana saka musu da gashin ido da kuma kunkuntar, kamar rami, hanci. Rakumai dabbobi ne na musamman.
Amma suna bauta wa mutum tsawon ƙarnuka. Ana iya ganin waɗannan "jiragen ruwa na hamada" a cikin yadudduka na manoma, alal misali, a cikin Kalmykia. Ba da daɗewa ba, gonar raƙumi ta bayyana a kusa da Amsterdam.
Yin lemo
Yayi kama da hamster kuma dan gidan daya ne. Dabbobin suna da ƙanana ƙanana, yayin da nauyinsu kusan 70 ne kawai. ulu isan ruwan goro ne ko kuma sun banbanta.
Lemming mazaunin yankuna ne masu sanyi: gandun daji-tundra da tundra, mai matukar son wuraren da ake gani sosai wadanda suka cika da gansakuka - ciyawar da ke zama abincin dabbobi. Tsarin da ba a saba da shi ba na taimaka wa waɗannan halittu suna rayuwa a saman dusar ƙanƙara.
Yabon dabba
Kyankyaso
Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dabba mafi tsufa a Turai, zaka iya samun amsar da ba zato ba tsammani. Bayan duk wannan, irin wannan kwaro ne na kyankyasai, wanda mutane da yawa suka ƙi, suna ninkawa cikin adadi mai yawa kuma suna da tushe a kowane yanayi. Ragowar waɗannan halittu ana samun su da adadi mai yawa a cikin siffin Paleozoic.
Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa sun wanzu a duniya tsawon shekaru miliyan 320. Duk da dagewar son mutum ya kawar da su ta kowace hanya, irin wadannan kwari suna rayuwa a duk wuraren da mutane suke, suna samun tushe a manyan birane da kuma yankunan karkara.
Tururuwa
Toarfin daidaitawa, tare da juriya na gwagwarmayar rayuwa tsawon shekaru miliyan 130, ya taimaka rayuwa da rayuwa har zuwa karnin da muke ciki a cikin kusan tsarukan zamanin da.
Waɗannan kwari ne masu ƙwazo masu ƙwazo, kamar yadda kuka sani, masu iya ɗaga nauyi fiye da nauyinsu. A cikin Turai, suna zaune ko'ina, ban da yankuna na Far Nesa.
Mikiya
Tsuntsu mai girman gaske mai girman gaske, an rarraba shi akan babban yankin na nahiyar kuma ya fi son shimfidar tsaunukan da ba kowa. Tana da dangantaka da falcons da shaho.
Tsuntsayen an rarrabe su da tsoka mai karfin jiki, wuyan da ya bunkasa, kafafuwa masu karfi, gajere da kuma siriri wutsiya. Mikiya na da matukar hangen nesa, wanda ke basu damar hango kananan dabbobi a nesa da nisan kilomita da yawa, kodayake motsin idanun su ya ragu.
Baki mai ban sha'awa da kaifi masu kaifi suna yin mafarautan da ba za a iya wuce shi ba. Fikafikan tsuntsayen galibi ya fi mita biyu, wanda ke ba su damar yin sama na dogon lokaci, suna sintiri kewaye da su daga tsayin kusan mita ɗari bakwai, suna zaɓar abin da suke farauta.
Jirgin gaggafa an san shi da zurfin ciki, mai karfin fika-fikai kuma yana da kyau don motsuwarsa mai ban mamaki. Girman wannan tsuntsu, wanda yawancin mutanen zamanin da suka ɗauka a matsayin manzon alloli, ya zama dalilin ƙirƙirar almara da tatsuniyoyi.
Gaggafa tsuntsaye
Falcon
Mai farauta mai fuka-fukai, babban makamin shi shine baki mai kaifi a ƙarshen. A cikin gudu, tsuntsun yana da saurin wucewa kuma yana tasowa da sauri.
Don motsawa da motsi a cikin iska, inda waɗannan halittun suka ji daɗi sosai fiye da ƙasa, sun sami taken zakara tsakanin tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a duniya.
Fukafukan waɗannan talikan suna da faɗi mai faɗi, kuma tsuntsun belen yana tashi sama tare da fikafikansa a buɗe. A Turai, ana iya ganin tsuntsaye a wurare da yawa, ban da Arctic.
Hoton tsuntsu ne
Hawk
Shaho, kamar gaggafa, galibi ana ambatonsa ne a cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa na da. A lokacin fir'auna, idanuwanta masu duhu masu launin ruwan kasa ko ja suna dauke da alamar wata da rana. Wannan halittar tana da siririyar labari, mai zagaye, gajere, amma mai fadi da fuka-fukai da doguwar jela.
A kan tafin hannunta akwai dogayen yatsu sanye da ƙugu masu ƙarfi. A yau, irin wannan tsuntsu ana iya ganinsa galibi a cikin tsofaffin gandun daji.
Hoton shaho ne
Mujiya
A cikin dangin mujiya, ana ɗaukar wannan tsuntsu na ganima mafi girma, mai kimanin kilo 4. Rayuwa mai aiki tana farawa ne daga farkon magariba kuma ana gudanarwa da dare.
Jikin tsuntsaye yana da kaya da yawa, ƙafafu gajeru ne, amma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Fukafukan suna da karfi, suna da tsayi har zuwa mita biyu, kan yana da banbanci daidai, kuma bakin da aka kama.
Babban abin birgewa a cikin waɗannan halittun sune manyan idanuwa marasa motsi na lemu mai haske, rawaya ko ja, wanda ke iya gani daidai da haske a cikin duhu.
Launi mai laushi mai laushi da mai yawa na iya zama launin toka-smoky ko launin ruwan kasa-m. Ana iya jin daddawa da mujiya na mujiya a cikin dajin da ba za a iya wucewa ba daga nesa da kilomita da yawa.
Malamar dare
Ga Rasha, raira waƙar maraice ya zama kusan almara. A waje, wadannan halittun talakawa ne masu girman girman gwara, wadanda suka banbanta da siririn tsarin mulkinsu. Idanuwan suna kama da baƙin beads waɗanda suka tsaya a kan ƙaramin kai. Launin fuka-fukan na iya zama ja, kasa-kasa ko zaitun, ciki mai daskararre ne.
Tsuntsaye dare
Turawa
Ga mutane da yawa, raira waƙoƙin waƙoƙi yana da daɗi da kiɗa mai daɗi, wanda har ma ya zama dalilin rubuta waƙar da ta shahara sau ɗaya. An rarrabe gashin da ke ciki zuwa ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman.
Za a iya rarrabe launin songbir din daga abokan aikinsa ta inuwa mai kalar launin toka ko ta saman saman kai, baya da wutsiya, bangarorin masu launin rawaya da farin ciki, da kuma nono, wanda aka yi masa alamar ruwan sha mai ruwan kasa.
A cikin hoton ana samun kwarjinin tsuntsaye
Tuni
Irin wannan halittar kamar maciji, kwata-kwata baya cutarwa kuma baya da guba, galibi ana samunta a yawancin ƙasashen Turai. Hasken haske mai kamannin jinjirin wata, wanda ake iya gani a gefen waɗannan halittu, yana ba da damar bambancewa tsakanin su da macizai.
Sashin saman macizai launin toka ne, yana tsaye a cikin launuka daban-daban, cikin talikan halittun fari ne. A cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, siffar wutsiya ta bambanta: mai zagaye da gajere, mai ƙarfi da na bakin ciki, ba zato ba tsammani ko kaifi.
A hoto tuni
Kwado
Ana iya samun wannan halittar mai ban sha'awa ko'ina cikin Turai a cikin yankin dausayi, tabkuna da koguna marasa nutsuwa. Akwai nau'ikan kwadi iri-iri, dukkansu ana bambance su da: kai hade da gajeren jiki tare da kusan rashin wuyan wuya; a kan babban kai mai fadi idanuwa masu fitowa waje waje sosai.
Babu wutsiya, ya wanzu ne kawai a cikin tadpoles, amma yana ɓacewa a kan lokaci. Launin kwadi na iya zama iri-iri. Ainihin, fatansu mai hana ruwa yana da launi mai kariya: kore, launin toka-kore, galibi tare da launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya.
Girman kwadi ya dogara da nau'in, kuma akwai su da yawa. Mafi yawan gaske a Turai sune kwadi na kwadi da kandami. Suna da matukar amfani ta yadda suke kashe sauro da kwari masu cutarwa.
