Dabbobin duniyarmu sun canza sosai a karnin da ya gabata. Mutum yana rage yawan mutane ba tare da jinƙai ba, ya kawo su ga ɓacewarsu gaba ɗaya, mutum yana kiyaye dokar yawancin waɗanda suka tsira, yana ƙara su a cikin Littafin Ja.
Yanayi ne na rashin imani wanda son zuciya da mutuntaka suke yaƙi dashi. Tsuntsaye grouse Shin ɗayan waɗannan ne. Tana cikin wuri mai daraja a cikin Littafin Ja kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan ganima don farauta.
Fasali da mazaunin babban abu
Bayyanar kayan kwatankwacin ya yi kama da baƙar fata da kayan kwalliya. Yanayinta na halayya kuma yayi kamanceceniya da ɗabi'ar waɗannan tsuntsayen. Kuna iya cewa tsuntsu Shin giciye ne tsakanin baƙar fata da kayan gogewa, ƙyauren baƙar fata ya fi girma girma.
Idan aka kalli Siberian Grouse, ba za ku iya cewa ya kai kimanin gram 500-600 ba, ƙyallen maƙalar gani ta sa ya ɗan fi girma. Matsakaicin tsayin wannan tsuntsu yakai cm 45. Duk da cewa tsiro suna da ƙananan fikafukai, wannan baya hana shi haɓaka saurin tashi sama.
A cikin hoton, tsuntsun spruce mace ce
An rufe ƙafafuwanta da ƙasa sosai, a lokacin hunturu wannan baya ba ta damar daskarewa. Hazel grouse ya ɗan fi wuta sauƙi grouse... Hakanan ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar keɓaɓɓun abubuwan haɗuwa game da asalin babban, dutsen duhu.
A kan sa zaka iya ganin ja, m, tare da ruwan toka mai toka, aibobi. Fuskokin farin-dusar ƙanƙara suna sanannu musamman a ƙarshen jela da fikafikan. Bambancin fari da duhu yana ba da ganyaye kyawawan kyawu kuma, a lokaci guda, yana kiyaye su daga abokan gaba.
Wannan launi yana sanya shi mara kyau tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi. Mata suna da farar fata da yawa, kuma asalin dusar kango ba ƙwarjin kirji ba ce, kamar na namiji, amma mai sauƙi, tare da jan launi.
Yankin wadannan tsuntsayen ba su da yaduwa a yau kamar yadda suke lokacin zamanin Soviet. Adadinsu mafi girma ana lura dasu a gabar Tekun Okhotsk, a gabashin Transbaikalia, a kudancin Yakutia.
Dikusha galibi tana rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsiro. A gare ta, mazaunin da ke da kyau shi ne makiyaya mai inuwa, wanda ke da danshi, inda daskararrun lingonberries, shudayen shuke-shuke, girgije. Sun fi son murfin ƙasa inda akwai wadataccen tarin gansakuka.
Adadin tsiro ya karu sosai a cikin shekaru 90 na karnin da ya gabata. An kwashe kananan dabbobi da yawa zuwa gidajen zoo, alal misali, a gidan namun dajin na Novosibirsk, kuma yanzu haka ana kan aikin kara yawan wannan nau'in tsuntsaye. Abin takaici, mafarauta suna ci gaba da aikinsu, kodayake farauta hukuncin doka.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar Siberiya
Dikusha tana son zama a hankali a kan rassan bishiya don kada wani ya gan ta. Wannan tsuntsu ba ta da kunya, ga babban nadama. Wannan shine dalilin da yayi aiki don shigar da Siberian spruce a cikin Littafin Ja.
Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa ta gari wacce ba kowa, ba safai idan zasu taru a garken dabbobi ba. Rashin ayyukansu ya taimaka ba a lura da su a rassan bishiyoyi. Ko da akan rassan, suna zaune ne kawai mita 2 daga ƙasa.
Basu tashi da nisa ba, sun gwammace su zauna wuri daya. Thea'idar keɓaɓɓiyar hanya ya ta'allaka ne da cewa lokacin da firgita, lokacin da aka sami mutum a kusa, ba ya tashi, amma akasin haka, yana tashi sama kusa da lura da mutumin da sha'awa.
Wannan shine dalilin grouse abu ne mai sauki ga mafarauta, saboda ba kwa buƙatar kashe kwandon kan su. Ya isa a ɗaure igiyoyi da yawa kuma sau ɗaya a cikin nutsuwa tattara mutanen da aka kama a cikin madaukai.
Ko da ma da ƙararrawa mafi haɗari, Siberian Grouse ba za ta yi ihu ba, tana ba kowa tsoro a yankin, amma cikin tawali'u za su lura da abin da ke faruwa. Halin ɗabi'a saboda gaskiyar cewa launinta yana ba ka damar kasancewa ba a san shi tsakanin ganyen bishiyoyi na dogon lokaci. Ba ta ɗaukar haƙuri a wannan, musamman ma a farkon rabin yini, saboda Siberian Grouse tana son yin barcin a wannan lokacin, tana yin aiki sosai bayan abincin dare.
Grouse mai gina jiki
Kamar tsuntsu na babban gida, yana cin abinci daidai da na Hazel grouse grouse. Babban rabo na kayan abinci shine abincin shuka. Fiye da duka, Siberian grouse na son allurai, wannan kusan 70% na abincinsa.
Wannan fifiko yana ba ta damar kasancewa mai wadatarwa duk shekara. Don canji, Siberian grouse yana sakewa da raspberries, blueberries, da ganyen lingonberry. Wasu lokuta tsuntsaye basa yin sakaci da irin wadannan kwari kamar kwari, tururuwa.
Domin abinci ya wuce da kyau cikin dukkanin tsarin narkewar abinci, babban Siberian yana buƙatar cin ƙananan ƙanƙane. Yayin nazarin abin da ke ciki na yawancin tsuntsayen da aka kama, an gano cewa tsakuwa tana da kashi 30% na adadin abincin.
Matasa suna cin abincin kwari sosai, tunda haɓakar kajin tana buƙatar isasshen abinci mai gina jiki. Sun riga sun kai matakin balaga, dandanonsu ya canza, kuma sun canza zuwa kayan abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na Siberian grouse
Balaga da jima'in tsiro yana faruwa shekara guda bayan haihuwa, kamar yadda yake a cikin dukkan kaji. Lokacin da yayi dumi sosai, kusan farkon watan Mayu, wasannin mating zasu fara wa waɗannan tsuntsayen.
A ƙa'ida, namiji yana ɗaukar dukkan matakai kuma yana ƙoƙari ta kowace hanya don jan hankalin mace zuwa gare shi. Ya daga kansa sama, ya bude jelarsa. Zai iya tafiya, ya bayyana kansa a gaban mace, yana yin saututtukan sauti, kamar mai capercaillie, ko kuma yana iya tashi zuwa wurinta.
Macen daji da kaza
Akan wasuhoto na grouse kaga yadda namiji yake kokarin farantawa zababbensa. Duk bayyanar sa a wannan lokacin na nuna cewa namiji yana wasa sosai. Tare da jajayen idanuwa, yayi ƙoƙari kada ya manta da mace, kuma ba tare da damuwa ba tana jiran aikinta. Namun daji sun yi ta turiri, amma maza ba sa shiga cikin rayuwar gatannin yara, kawai suna kiyaye su.
Ana yin gida-gida a ƙarƙashin bishiya tare da kambi mai daɗi. Branchesananan rassa an sa su dama a ƙasa, kuma a farkon - a tsakiyar watan Mayu, mace tana kan ƙwai. Har yanzu, ba a yi wani bincike ba game da yadda daidai mace ke ƙwai ba.
Amma masu sa ido sun iya ganin ƙwai 8 a cikin gida, wanda ya ba da damar yin tunanin cewa, a matsakaita, tsiro sun yi ƙwai kusan dozin. Qwai su ne zaitun masu haske a launuka masu duhu. A ranakun 24-25, zuriya sun bayyana, kajin sun fara tashi sama a ƙarshen Yuni.
Tsammani na rayuwa a cikin daji daga 10 zuwa 14 shekaru. A farkon shekarun 80 na karnin da ya gabata, masana kimiyya sun lura da rayuwar shaƙatawa, waɗanda aka kai su gidan zoo. Abun takaici, kusan duk mutane sun mutu a ranakun 10 - 20, da farko saboda jigilar kayayyaki na dogon lokaci.
Wani fasali na Girin Asianasar Asiya shine gashin fuka-fukan waje na fiffike, waɗanda suke da sifa iri-iri. Godiya ga wannan fasalin Girkin Asiya an ware shi azaman jinsin daban.
A cikin hoton, ɗayan Siberia grouse
Dikusha a Arewacin Amurka kuma aka sani da Kasuwancin Kanada... Yana da halin ba fukafukai da aka nuna da kaɗan ƙananan nauyi (har zuwa gram 50). Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da Siberian Grouse shine cewa naman wannan tsuntsun yana ɗanɗana ɗan ɗaci saboda yadda yake yawan allura. Wannan gaskiyar ba ta tsoma baki cikin farautarta da rage yawansu kowace shekara.
