Fasali da mazaunin duck merganser
Merganser – agwagwa, mai yaduwa kuma sananne ga kowane mafarautan Turai. Kunnawa hoto merganser sau da yawa yana kama disheveled. Wannan saboda tsuntsun kyakkyawan mai nutsuwa ne, yana son nutsuwa sosai kuma yana yin shi kusan kullun, zuwa zurfin mita 2 zuwa 4, ba tare da la'akari da cewa merganser ɗin yana buƙatar kifi a yanzu ba ko a'a.
Abubuwan da ke cikin wadannan agwagwan sun hada da baki - mai tsayi, mai haske, mai jujjuyawa, yana dan karkatawa zuwa karshen kuma ya zube da hakora masu kaifi kusa da gefen ciki, wanda ke taimaka wa tsuntsayen su yi kifi.
Hakanan suna da jiki mai tsayi, tsaka-tsayi har zuwa 57-59 cm tsayi da tsawan wuya. Fuka-fukan wadannan agwagwan na iya kaiwa zuwa 70-88 cm, kuma nauyinsu yakai daga 1200 zuwa gram 2480, wanda yasa tsuntsaye daya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan farauta.
Game da launi na layin, mata, kamar sauran tsuntsaye, sun fi ƙanana da haske, suna da launin toka ba tare da ƙarancin launin ruwan goro ba sosai. Amma drakes din ya banbanta, suna nuna launuka masu launin shuke-shuke a kawunansu, bakin tufa, ratsi fari a fuka-fukai da gashin fuka-fuka masu launin fari-fari a bayanta, kuma a wasu jinsunan suma suna da farin makogwaro da goit.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, koda yin nutsuwa a koda yaushe, suna da wahalar rasawa a saman ruwa. Kai tsaye agwagwa, galibi a cikin tabkuna na ruwa, inda ake yin mafi yawansu hoto, amma kuma kada ku damu da zama a cikin kogi tare da ƙaramin ƙarancin ruwa, wasu kuma cikin natsuwa suke sauka a cikin raƙuman ruwa idan babu taguwar ruwa mai ƙarfi a cikinsu.
Kuna iya saduwa da wannan tsuntsu a kowane kusurwa na duniya, a kowane yanki da yanayi, haka kuma, a wasu ƙasashe, misali, a Japan, farautar merganser an dakatar da su tun daga karshen karni na 19, kuma tsuntsayen da kansu suna karkashin kariya tun kafin duniya ta amince da kananan yawansu.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar agwagwa
Merganser – tsuntsu ƙaura, wuraren narkar da waɗannan agwagwan sun rufe duk wuraren dazuzzuka da rafuka da tabkuna a cikin yankin na tsakiya. Farawa daga Yammacin Turai kuma yana ƙarewa da Himalayas da Gabas mai Nisa, amma suna yin hunturu a bakin tekun Atlantika, Tekun Pacific, a kudancin China, a bakin Tekun Bahar Rum, duk inda yake da dumi da inda akwai kifi.
A lokacin bazara, tsuntsaye suna daga cikin farkon waɗanda suka fara isowa, kai tsaye kai tsaye, da zaran an ƙirƙiri polynyas, ma’ana, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa farkon Yuni. Dangane da yanayin tsuntsayen kuwa, da gaske suke, agwagin dangi, suna da ikon tunkude wani babban mai sihiri wanda ya yanke shawarar cin abinci a ƙwai ko ƙananan kajinsu. Lokacin kaka ga hunturu yana farawa ne da wuri, tare da daskarewa na ruwa, ma'ana, a ƙarshen Oktoba ko Nuwamba.
Ciyar da agwagwar Merganser
Merganser - agwagwa ta fi cin naman dabbobi musamman, tana rayuwa ne ta hanyar abin da ta samo wa kanta na kamun kifi. Tushen abinci ga waɗannan tsuntsaye shine kifi, kuma suna iya magance kifin mai tsawon 17-20 cm cikin sauƙi.
Hakanan, agwagi basu taɓa yin watsi da molluscs, crustaceans har ma da kwari ba. Yayin hijirar wadannan tsuntsayen, yayin tsayawa, galibi mutum na iya lura da kamun kifinsu.
Abun wasan kwaikwayo yana da ban sha'awa sosai - garken tumaki, wanda aka haɗe daga makarantu daban-daban, na ɗari ɗari agwagi, suna iyo kamar mahaukatan jirgi masu motsi a cikin hanya ɗaya, kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, duk tsuntsayen suna nitsewa a lokaci guda. Kuma a cikin sararin samaniya a wannan lokacin dorinar ruwa na kewaya, kamar dai tallafi daga sama kuma da sauri ya kama daga saman kifin, wanda agwagwan ke tsoro.
Nau'in nau'in agwagin Merganser
Tare da rarrabuwa daga cikin wadannan agwagwannin a karshen karni na 20, wasu matsaloli suka tashi, sai aka sanya jinsuna biyu - masu kwazo da kuma dan Amurka, ga wasu iyalai. Don haka, daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan merganser guda bakwai, saura biyar ne suka rage, daya daga cikinsu - Auckland - ba a same shi ba tun a shekarar 1902 kuma ana ganin shi a hukumance ya mutu. Dangane da haka, iri huɗu kaɗai suka rage 'yan damfarawanda aka jera a ciki Littafin Ja.
- Babban haɗakarwa
Wannan shine wakili mafi girma na waɗannan agwagwan, suna kama da ƙaramin ƙangi. Daraktan suna da launuka masu haske ƙwarai, kuma an tilasta su da farin nonon fari da ƙyallen wutsiya. Yankin nest yana rufe dukkanin yankin na tsakiya, duka a gabashin gabas da yamma, tsuntsayen hunturu a kudancin latitude, amma a wasu yankuna na Asiya ta Tsakiya, a cikin tabkuna na ƙananan tsaunukan Himalayan da kuma a cikin tafkunan California, manyan yan kasuwa suna rayuwa ba tare da tashin hankali ba, ba tare da tashi ko'ina ba.
A cikin hoton akwai babban haɗi
- Mai sikelin merganser
Wannan shi ne mafi tsufa kuma mafi kyaun jinsin dukkan dangin waɗannan agwagwan. Rabin tola ɗinsa kamar zane ne na zaren zane, ko sikeli. Saboda wannan yanayin bayyanar ne agwagwa ta sami sunan ta.
Wadannan kyawawan kyawawan suna rayuwa ne kawai a Gabas, ana yin gida a Gabas mai nisa a Rasha da kuma arewa maso gabashin China, a arewacin Japan, kuma a lokacin hunturu suna tashi zuwa ga ruwan dumi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Mafi saurin ci gaba kuma mafi kariya daga duk jama'ar merganser. Rage yawan wadannan tsuntsayen na faruwa ne sakamakon gurbatar jikin ruwa, sare dazuzzuka, wanda ke dagula yanayin halittu da sauran ayyukan mutane.
A cikin hoton, agwagin ya zama mai ba da tallafi mai kayatarwa
- Manganser mai dogon hanci
Ko - matsakaita merganser. Mafi yawan shahararrun shahararrun jinsunan waɗannan agwagwar. Tsuntsun tsaka-tsakin gaske ne, nauyinsa ya kai kilogram daya da rabi, kuma tsawonsa ya banbanta tsakanin cm 48-58. Amma waɗannan agwagwan suna da ƙarin hakora - 18-20, sabanin babban haɗarin, wanda yake da haƙoran 12-16 kawai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa amo ɗin matsakaitan mai shiga tsakani ya fi tsayi.
A wuraren da ake yin shimfida, ana iya samun waɗannan tsuntsayen ko'ina, tun daga tundra har zuwa gandun dajin, a ɓangarorin biyu. Zuwa lokacin hunturu, suna tashi zuwa sassan ruwa mai dumi na arewacin yankunan da ke can karkashin ruwa, amma a gabar ruwayen Yammacin Turai, gami da Biritaniya, suna rayuwa shekara-shekara, suna zaman kashe wando.
Lokacin da masu zane-zane na tsakiyar zamanai, da wani lokaci na gaba, alal misali, karni na 19, wanda aka nuna al'amuran farautar agwagwa, waɗannan fage ne na farauta musamman ga masu shigowa da hanci masu dogon hanci. Yau ba shi yiwuwa a farautar waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Long-mersed merganser tare da kajin
- Merganser na Brazil
Veryananan nau'ikan da ba safai ba. Yana rayuwa ne kawai a Yammacin Yammacin duniya, idan ana so kuma tare da haƙuri, ana iya ganin waɗannan agwagwan a cikin ruwan Paraguay, Brazil da Argentina.
Kamar yadda masanan ilimin ɗabi'a suka sani, yawan mutanen ba zai wuce tsuntsayen 300-350 ba, tare da ringing 250 daga cikinsu, kuma 200 na dawwama a babban yankin Sierra da Canastra a cikin Brazil. Adadin da rayuwar waɗannan agwagwan an ci gaba da lura da su tun shekara ta 2013.
Mafi ƙanƙancin dukkan haɗuwa - tsuntsun ya auna daga 550 zuwa gram 700, tsawon yayi daidai da nauyi. Baya ga girma, wannan jinsin ya banbanta da kaunarsa ta tafiya a kan kasa, waɗannan agwagwan suna rayuwa ne bibbiyu, kuma sun fi son fara sheƙarsu a cikin manyan ramuka na dogayen bishiyoyi. Koyaya, suna ciyarwa daidai da yadda dangin su suke, musamman akan abinda suke samu daga kamun kifi.
A cikin hoton, tsuntsun shine merganser na Brazil
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na agwagwarmaya
Mergansers, agwagwan dangi, ma'auratan suna tasowa lokacin da suka balaga. Yana zuwa da kusan shekaru 1.5-2.5 kuma don rayuwa. Don sake kirkirar irinsu, sun kasance, ba shakka.
Gidajen gini an gina su ne - a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi sosai, a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, a ɓoye, ko kuma a cikin abubuwan da mutane suka watsar, alal misali, a cikin kwale-kwalen da ba a kammala ba ko ragowar motar tsatsa. Gida koyaushe ana rufe shi da fulawa kuma yana nesa da nisan kilomita daga tafkin.
Ducks suna yin ƙwai 6 zuwa 18 kuma suna shafe su tsawon kwanaki 30 zuwa 40. Ana yin wannan kawai ta mata, drakes suna rayuwa daban a wannan lokacin kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, zafin narkar da su yana faruwa a wannan lokacin.
A cikin hoton, gidan jaririn a bishiya
Kaji sun kyankyashe sun gama haihuwa, suna cinyewa a cikin gida daga kwana 2 zuwa 3, bayan haka sai su tafi da mace zuwa ruwa kuma su fara iyo na farko a rayuwarsu, yayin da suke kokarin nutsewa. Kamun kifin mai zaman kansa na ɗan akuya zai fara ne tun suna da kwana 10-12.
Daga lokacin da ducklings suka bar gida zuwa jirginsu na farko, yakan ɗauki kwanaki 55 zuwa 65, wani lokacin ma ya fi haka. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsuntsayen da ke zaune, ana faɗaɗa wannan lokacin kuma ya fara ne daga kwanaki 70 zuwa 80, kuma a cikin tsuntsayen masu ƙaura wani lokaci ana rage shi zuwa kwanaki 50. Mergansers suna rayuwa cikin yanayi mai kyau na shekaru 12-15, kuma game da tsuntsayen da basa zaune, shekarunsu na iya kaiwa shekaru 16-17.
