Fassara daga yaren Turkanci irbis (ko irbiz, irbis, irviz) an fassarashi azaman "kitsen dusar ƙanƙara". Wannan dabba mai martaba madaidaiciya tana da suna "maigidan duwatsu".
Fasali da mazaunin damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara
Irbis shine mafi girman kyanwa, mai tsananin farin gashi mai kauri, launin azurfa mai zuma, a gefen da gashin yake haske, yayin wucewa zuwa cikin ciki sai yayi fari. Wani lokaci ana iya ganin launin rawaya kaɗan, da wuya ake ganewa.
Manya manyan zobban rotse, kananan aibobi da speck sun bazu ko'ina cikin jikin dabbar. Wannan launi yana taka rawar wani nau'in kamanni: mai farautar ya kame kansa sosai a kan gangaren dutse, tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, ya zama ba ya ganuwa ga abin da zai kama.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa a cikin bayanin damisar dusar ƙanƙara: doguwar jelarta mai kayatarwa za ta zama kishi ne na mafi yawancin inesan adam - tsayinsa daidai yake da tsayin jiki kuma ya fi mita 1. Matsakaicin tsayinsa ya kai santimita 60, yayin da mata suka fi maza girma. In ba haka ba, mutane na kishiyar jinsi ba su da bambanci sosai a kamanninsu.
Duba Damisar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hoton yafi sauki fiye da na namun daji: dabbar ta fi son yin rayuwar asirce, kuma dusar ƙanƙara tana rayuwa galibi a wuraren da mutane ba za su iya shiga ba: a cikin kwazazzabai, a kan manyan duwatsu, kusa da makiyaya mai tsayi.
A lokacin dumi, zai iya mamaye kololuwa sama da mita dubu 5. A lokacin hunturu, sau da yawa yakan sauka don neman ganima. Shine kawai kifin mai tsayi a cikin dukkanin dangin dangi.
Halin da ke tattare da mai farautar, bai kiyaye shi ba daga mummunan halin da ya faru: kyakkyawar bayyanar damisar dusar ƙanƙara ta yi masa mummunan raha - dabbar ma galibi ta zama abin ɓarna ga mafarautan da ke farautar fata.
Yanzu irbis dabba mara kyau, a wasu yankuna mutane 1-2 ne suka rayu. Irbis yana cikin jerin dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari sosai a cikin Littafin Ja. Gida: jerin tsaunuka na Mongolia, Tibet, Himalayas, Pamir, Tien Shan, Kazakhstan. A cikin Rasha - tsaunukan Altai.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara
Irbis - dabba galibi da dare, da rana yana kwana a mafaka: a cikin kogo ko kan bishiya. Zai iya yawan yin bacci na kwana ɗaya ko fiye. Yana zuwa farauta da yamma ko kuma cikin duhu.
Ya guji mutane, idan ya haɗu, zai gwammace ya ɓoye maimakon ya kai hari. Dabbar da ta kamu da zazzaɓi kawai ke iya zama babban haɗari ga ɗan adam.
Godiya ga ƙafafun kafafu masu fa'ida, yana tafiya daidai kan duwatsu, zai iya shawo kan maɗaukakiyar hawan dutse da ƙyar-da-isa ga matsattsun duwatsu masu duwatsu. Ba daɗi ba yana motsawa kan dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara da kankara.
Ya rayu galibi shi kaɗai, lokaci-lokaci yana shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi don farauta. Ainihin, yayin kiwo da lokacin renon yara dabbobi. Dabba daya ta mamaye yanki mai fadin kilomita murabba'i dari.
Zai iya jure wa makwabta na mata, amma ba wasu maza ba. Idan akwai wadataccen abinci, ba ya matsawa da nisa daga kogon, in ba haka ba, yana iya nisan kilomita goma daga gida.
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara tana da daɗi, sau da yawa suna faɗuwa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, suna son shan rana. Muryar damisar dusar ƙanƙara ta fi kama da tsarkakewar kyanwa. Wannan dabba tana kara ihu, ba da karfi ba. Yana nuna tsokanar tsokana tare da yin ihu, yana ihu.
Abincin dusar ƙanƙara
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara irbis kyakkyawa mafarauci: godiya ga basirar su da hangen nesan su, a sauƙaƙe suna iya bin sawun abincinsu koda cikin cikakken duhu. Kama mutum da aka azabtar za a iya yin shi ta hanyoyi biyu: ko dai ya labe cikin nutsuwa ya kame a lokaci na ƙarshe tare da farata da hakora, ko kuma ya jira lokacin da kai hare-hare, yin tsalle mai tsallakewa da tabbaci a nesa na mita 5 zuwa 10. Zai iya kallon ganima a cikin mafaka na dogon lokaci.
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara wata dabba ce mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi; tana iya jimre da manya-manyan dabbobin gida kamar su yak, rora, barex, argali, da maral su kaɗai. Zai iya mamaye boar daji ko, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ko da bear.
Idan ba a samu manyan dabbobi ba, Damisar dusar kankara tana ciyarwa ƙaramin zomo, marmot, jaka. Sau da yawa ana kai hari kan dabbobi, musamman a lokacin hunturu na yunwa. Ganima daya ya ishe shi tsawon kwanaki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai damisar dusar ƙanƙara
A farkon bazara, a cikin mazaunin damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara, za ku iya jin waƙoƙin dare da yawa, da ɗan faɗakarwa game da rairayen kuliyoyin Maris, sai dai kawai masu daɗin ji. Don haka namiji ya kira mace.
Suna saduwa ne kawai don lokacin saduwa, ƙarin kulawa game da kiwon zuriya sun faɗi akan mace. Yaran dabbobi suna shirye don kiwo yana da shekaru 2-3. Mace tana ɗaukar offspringa offspringa kaɗan fiye da watanni 3, ana haihuwar kittens ɗin a farkon bazara. Jarirai biyu zuwa biyar sun bayyana a cikin amintaccen tsari mai dumi.
Kittens an haife su, kamar yawancin felines, makafi da marasa ƙarfi. Girman karamin kyanwa na gida. Suna fara gani cikin kwanaki 5-6. Lokacin da suka kai kimanin watanni biyu, suna ƙara fita daga gida don yin wasa da rana. A lokaci guda, uwa ta fara ciyar da su da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Yaran damisa masu dusar ƙanƙara suna wasa da juna tare da mahaifiyarsu, shirya farautar jelarta ko riskar juna da raɗaɗin dariya. Waɗannan wasannin suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban jarirai: ta wannan hanyar suna shirya balaga, koyon dabarun farauta.
A hankali, uwa tana koyawa yaran farauta: idan sun kai wata shida, suna bata lokaci mai yawa a cikin sahun farauta. Mace tana tare da yaran da suka manyanta na dogon lokaci: gabaɗaya, a shirye suke su girma har zuwa bazara mai zuwa.
Amma akwai lokuta idan suna rayuwa tare suna farauta tare har zuwa shekaru 2-3. Tsawon rayuwar damisar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin daji ta kai shekaru 20, a cikin gidan namun daji za su iya rayuwa fiye da haka.
Damisoshin dusar ƙanƙara na farko sun bayyana a Gidan Zoo na Moscow sama da shekaru 100 da suka gabata, a cikin 1871. Da farko, ma'aikata sun fuskanci matsaloli da yawa wajen kiyaye wannan dabbar daji: damisar dusar ƙanƙara ta mutu daga cututtuka, ba su yi kiwo ba.
A halin yanzu, wadannan dabbobin da ba a cika samun nasara ba ana kiyaye su cikin nasara a cikin gidan zoo da yawa a Rasha da Turai, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye yawan waɗannan dabbobin. Damisar dusar ƙanƙara mai raɗaɗi Gulya tana zaune a gidan Zoo na Leningrad.
