Bull Gaur - gwarzo mai gandun daji
Gaur - wakili mafi girma na artiodactyl na shanu, asalinsa daga Indiya. Dabba mafi ƙarancin zamaninmu. Tun zamanin tarihi ya kasance ƙato a cikin ainihin bijimai na daji. Ba daidai ba ne a tuna da wannan mazaunin duniyar.
Bayani da siffofin gaura
Gaura idan aka kwatanta shi da girman bison, shahararren gwarzon halitta. Amma kowanne shine na farko a rukuninsa: bison yana kan gaba wajen nauyi, kuma gaur a girma.
Babban bijimi ya kai tsawon mita 3-3.2, nauyin manyan wakilai ya kai ton 1.5. Kahonin da suka kai tsayin 90 cm an tanƙwara su zuwa sama a cikin siffar jinjirin wata. Tsakanin kahonin akwai kumburin goshi da murfin gashi.
Tsayin tsawan bijimin shine mita 2. Kokon kai har zuwa cm 70 shine mafi girma a tsakanin danginsa. Mata suna da ƙarancin kwata a cikin girma da nauyi ga maza.
Strengtharfin ƙarfi da kyan girma suna tare gauru... Wuya, kafadu da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi na motsa jiki ne. Faffadan goshi a kan katuwar kai mai manyan kunnuwa. Baya na jiki ya fi na gaban kunkuntar.
Ana kiyaye jikin ta gajeriyar launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin baki ko ja. Tsoffin mutane suna da launi mai duhu idan aka kwatanta da matasa. A yankuna masu bushewa gauras da inuwar jan ulu mai ulu.
Yawan bijimomin daji na cikin haɗari saboda annoba da farauta. Indiya tana da mafi yawan dabbobi; a wani wuri kuma halin da ake ciki gauras m.
Abokan gaba na ƙattai na iya zama kada da damisa kawai. Ana kai hare-hare muddin bijimin bai wuce matsakaita ba ko kuma matashi ne.
Duk da girman ta, gaur din mutum ne na gida kuma ana kiran sa gayal ko mitan. Ana ajiye mutane don aiki da kuma tushen abinci. Gidajen gida karami a cikin girma, mai natsuwa a halayya. Mazauna yankin sun bautar da Guyals da shanu.
Gaura salon rayuwa da mazauninsu
Yankin rarraba gaura a Tsakiya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Yawancin bijimai suna zaune a Indiya, dubban dubunnan kawunan. Ana samun ɗaruruwan mutane a Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Nepal.
Indin bijimin Indiya fi son bishiyun bishiyun bishiyoyi da koramai. Lokaci-lokaci yana bayyana a cikin buɗaɗɗun farin ciki don neman abinci, amma, gabaɗaya, yana guje wa mashiga zuwa buɗe wuraren. A cikin dazuzzuka, tsayayyun wurin tsayawa ya dace da shi, ba tare da daji da gizagizai masu yawa ba. Hawan tsaunuka da yankuna masu duwatsu, har zuwa 2800 m.
Ayyukan al'ada suna bayyana kansu da rana, lokacin da garkunan dabbobi 10-12 zasu yi kiwo tsakanin ciyawar. Dabbobi suna ci gaba cikin rukuni na maza 1-2, mata 5-6 tare da 'yan maruƙa da matasa gobies.
Idan akwai matsugunan mutane a kusa, bijimomin Gaura suna canza salon rayuwarsu zuwa dare ɗaya, kawai idan ya cancanta, suna barin matsugunansu, suna nuna taka tsantsan da hangen nesa.
Garke yana jagorancin, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta hanyar ƙwararrun mata. Idan garken yana motsi, ita, a matsayinta na jagora, tana gaba ko rufe ruɓewa. A alamun sigina na barazana a cikin sigar rawar sanyi, mambobin garken suna tsayawa suna daskarewa.
Bayan ƙayyade haɗarin, dabbobin suna kan hanyar yaƙi. Kodayake gauras suna da wuya, ba su fara kai hari ba. Dangane da wasu dabbobi, bijimai suna da salama sosai, basa shiga rikici, suna ja da baya cikin daji, suna tafiya cikin nutsuwa abin mamaki.
Idan ba za a iya kauce wa haɗari ba, sai su kawo hari tare da bugu na musamman don abokan gaba su busa ƙaho ko kuma a jefa su matacce a wani ɗan nesa da bugun. A cikin tsofaffin gauras, ƙaho ɗaya yawanci yafi lalacewa fiye da ɗayan saboda wannan tsaron.
Adadin shugabanni a cikin garken garken na iya kusantar dubun 4-5 ta hanyar haɗa ƙungiyoyin dangi da yawa. Herdsananan garken samari ba sabon abu bane. Tsoffin mutane suna rayuwa kamar yarda take.
Mutanen gida suna da nutsuwa da nutsuwa, wanda ake yaba musu musamman. Makomar gauras daji ya dogara da mutumin da ya kawo barazanar da yawa ga dabbobi: rage makirci, kamuwa da cuta daga dabbobi, sha'awar samun fa'ida ta hanyar hallaka manyan mutane. Ko da sanya shi a cikin Littafin Ja ba har yanzu yana hana ɓacewar sannu a hankali nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi.
Gaura abinci
Yana da ban mamaki cewa katon saron gaur shine ganye. Strengtharfinta da ƙarfinta suna kan abinci mai sauƙi wanda ya ƙunshi ganye, ganye na tsire-tsire, ƙuruciya matasa, ciyawar bamboo, da ciyawar shrub.
A ka’ida, dabbobi suna zuwa ciyarwa da sassafe da yamma, kafin faduwar rana. Suna son ruwa sosai, suna sha da yawa kuma galibi suna iyo.
A lokacin zafi, suna ɓoye a cikin inuwar manyan bishiyoyi suna neman abinci wadataccen danshi. Gaura bijimin gida kiwo cikin yanci. Lokacin da kuke buƙatar jan hankalin dabba, wani yanki na gishirin dutsen ana ɗaure shi don koto.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar gaura
Lokacin rudun Gauras bashi da iyakoki na yanayi. Mafi yawan lokuta shine daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, maza marasa aure suna haɗuwa da garken shanu. Ana jin karar sautuka masu ƙarfi, kwatankwacin rugugin barewa, kuma ana iya jinsa daga nesa har zuwa kilomita 1-2.
A cikin gwagwarmayar gauras, nuna ƙarfi yana faruwa yayin da bijimai suka juya gefe, suna nuna babbar silhouette, kuma suna yin kuwwa da hanzari Kan ya karkata kuma an yi ƙaho ɗaya zuwa ga abokan gaba. Ainihin, yakin ya ƙare da irin wannan zanga-zangar. Yaƙe-yaƙe ba safai yake faruwa ba, dabbobi ba sa cutar abokan hamayya.
Ciki ya mace na tsawon watanni 9. Mahaifiyar mai ciki tana shiga cikin daji kuma ta yi ritaya. Maraƙi ɗaya ake haihuwa, ƙasa da yawa akan haifi tagwaye. Komawa ga garke yana faruwa tare da zuriyar.
Da farko, mace tana da hankali sosai kuma tana tsokanar kare maraƙi. Ciyar da madara na daga watanni 7 zuwa 12. Jarirai koyaushe suna karkashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu.
A cikin hoton jaririn gaura ne
Balaga na jima'i yana faruwa ne shekaru 2-3. Bullananan bijimai sukan haɗu na ɗan lokaci zuwa garke ɗaya, sannan kuma su ƙirƙiri nasu. Tsawon rayuwar gaura ya kai kimanin shekaru 30.
Kuna iya ganin rami a cikin mafi yawan zoos da wuraren ajiya. Adana nau'ikan dake cikin namun daji, saboda barazanar bacewar ƙattai, ya kasance mafi mahimmancin aikin masanan.
