Mafi tsufa dabba mai ƙafafun da ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka - dabbar daji (lat. Antilocapra americana). A zamanin Pleistocene, wanda ya ƙare shekaru dubu 11.7 da suka wuce, akwai fiye da nau'ikan 70 na wannan nau'in, amma a zamaninmu ɗaya ne kawai ya tsira, yana mai lambobi 5.
Bayani da siffofin pronghorn
Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa an ba pronghorn irin wannan sunan mai faɗi. Horahoninta masu kaifi ne kuma masu lankwasa, kuma suna girma cikin maza da mata. A cikin maza, ƙahonin sun fi ƙarfi da kauri (tsawon cm 30), yayin da a cikin mata ƙanana ne (kar su wuce girman kunnuwa, kusan 5-7 cm) kuma ba reshe ba ne.
Kamar saigas, ƙahonin pronghorn suna da murfin da ake sabuntawa sau ɗaya a shekara bayan lokacin kiwo na watanni 4. Wannan babban fasali ne wanda ke tabbatar da matsakaiciyar matsakaiciyar magana tsakanin bovids da barewa, tunda sauran dabbobin da ke da murfin ƙaho, misali, bijimai da awaki, ba sa zubar da su.
A cikin bayyanar pronghorn - siriri kuma kyakkyawa dabba mai sassaucin jiki, kama da barewa. Bakin fuska, kamar yawancin wakilan ungulaye, yana da tsayi da tsayi. Idanun suna da kaifin gani, manya, suna can gefe kuma suna iya kallon sarari a digiri 360.
Tsawon jiki ya kai cm 130, kuma tsayi zuwa kafaɗun ya zama cm 100. Nauyin zai iya bambanta daga 35 zuwa 60 kg. Bugu da ƙari, mata sun fi na maza ƙanƙanta kuma suna da ƙwanƙwan mama har sau 6 a cikin cikinsu.
Gashi na pronghorn yana da launin ruwan kasa a baya kuma haske a ciki. Akwai farin tabo na rabin-wata a maƙogwaron. Maza baƙi ne a kan wuyansa da kuma ɗamara a cikin hanyar abin rufe fuska. Wutsiya karama ce, kusa da jiki. Theafafu suna da kofato biyu ba tare da yatsun kafa ba.
Wani fasali na cikin ciki na pronghorn shine kasancewar wata gallbladder da keɓaɓɓiyar glandon ƙamshi wanda ke jan hankalin sauran mutane ta warin. Ana samarda hanzarin motsi ta hanyar bututun iska da huhu mai girma, babban zuciya, wanda ke da lokaci don saurin fitar da iskar oxygen cikin jiki.
Legafafun goshin suna sanye da gammayen cartilaginous waɗanda ke ba da izinin motsi a kan ƙasa mai duwatsu ba tare da lalata ƙwayoyin hannu ba.
Wace nahiya ce mai gabatarwa take rayuwa da fasalin halayenta, ciyar da Arewacin Amurka daga Kanada zuwa yamma da Mexico yana da yankuna da yawa na budewa (stepes, filaye, hamada da hamadar hamada), tuddai har zuwa mita dubu 3 sama da matakin teku, inda pronghorn suke zaune... Sun zauna kusa da hanyoyin ruwa da ciyayi mai yalwa.
Abincin gori
Saboda salon rayuwarsu na ciyawa, pronghorns suna iya shan ruwa sau ɗaya a mako, yayin da tsire-tsire ke wadatar dasu. Amma suna cin abinci koyaushe, suna katsewa na gajeren bacci na awa 3.
Pronghorns suna ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ganyen shrubs, cacti waɗanda suka zo kan hanya, waɗanda suke da wadatattun adadi a babban yankin da pronghorn yake zaune.
Pronghorn suna cikin ɗabi'ar yin sautuka daban-daban, suna magana da juna. Kubiyoni suna ta bushewa, suna kiran mahaifiyarsu, maza suna kuwwa da ƙarfi yayin faɗa, mata suna kiran jarirai da zubar jini.
Daga pronghorn gudun na biyu ne kawai ga cheetah kuma yana haɓaka har zuwa 67 km / h, canzawa yana gudana tare da tsalle a kan manyan nesa na kilomita 0.6. Theafafun da suka bunkasa yayin juyin halitta suna ba wa mai saurin haske damar yin gudu, yana gujewa daga masu farauta, amma ba zai iya jure irin wannan saurin na tsawon lokaci ba har sai da iska tayi tafiyar kilomita 6.
A cikin hoton, wata tsohuwar dabbar daji ta mata
Pronghorns ba za su iya tsallake manyan matsaloli ba, shinge, wanda shine dalilin mutuwar dabbobi da yawa a lokacin sanyi da yunwa. Ba za su iya ƙetare shinge ba, su sami abinci.
Pronghorn - dabba gregarious. A lokacin kaka da damuna, mutane suna haɗuwa tare suna yin ƙaura ƙarƙashin jagorancin zaɓaɓɓen shugaba. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da maganganu shine cewa mace koyaushe jagora ce, kuma tsofaffin maza basa shiga garken garken, suna tafiya daban. A lokacin rani, yayin lokacin kiwo, kungiyoyin sun rabu.
Tudun daji sun kafa mai tsaro yayin ciyarwa, wanda, bayan ya lura da haɗarin, ya ba da alama ga garken duka. Byaya bayan ɗaya, mashahuran suna ruɓar da gashin kansu, suna ta da fur a ƙarshen. Nan take, ƙararrawa ta rufe dukkan dabbobi.
Hoton ya nuna karamin garke na pronghorns
Idan babu abinci a lokacin hunturu, dabbobin daji na yin ƙaura mai nisa, ba tare da sauya hanyoyin ba tsawon shekaru, na kilomita 300. Don zuwa abinci, pronghorns suna fasa dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, suna cutar da ƙafafunsu. Masu farautar farautar farauta manyan dabbobi ne: kerkeci, lynxes da coyotes.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin kiwo yana cikin rani kuma lokacin soyayya yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu. Mata da maza sun kasu kashi daban-daban waɗanda suka mallaki nasu, yankunan da ke da kariya sosai.
Yaƙe-yaƙe ya barke tsakanin maza, wanda ke ƙarewa mai zafi ga mai hasara. Maza suna tara mata har zuwa mata 15 a cikin gidajen su, ba'a iyakance ga ɗaya ba. Idan mace ta yarda ta shiga gidan karuwai kuma ta yarda da neman auren namiji, sai ta daga jelarta, ta bar namiji ya sadu da ita.
A cikin hoton, anga dabbar pronghorn tare da cub
Ana haihuwar yara 1-2 a zuriyar dabbobi sau ɗaya a shekara. Ciki yakai wata 8. Yaran da aka haifa basu da taimako, haushi tare da launin toka-ruwan kasa da ƙaramin nauyi har zuwa 4 kilogiram. Suna ɓoyewa a cikin ciyawa yayin da ƙafafunsu masu rauni kuma ba zasu iya tserewa daga haɗari ba. Mahaifiyar takan ziyarci zuriyarta sau 4 a rana don ciyarwa.
Bayan watanni 1.5. jarirai na iya shiga cikin babban garken, kuma idan sun cika watanni 3. mace ta daina ciyar da su da madara, kuma matasa masu ba da shawara suna canzawa zuwa ciyar da ciyawa. Tsammani na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7, amma ba da daɗewa ba mai ɗaukar hoto ya kai 12.
Dangantakar Dan Adam, Farauta da Kariyar maganganu
Saboda namansa, ƙahoninsa da kuma fatunsa, wannan lafazin ya zama abin farautar mutane. A farkon karni na 20, yawan jama'a ya ragu sosai, kuma dubu 20 ne suka rage daga cikin miliyan. Bugu da kari, saboda gina birane da filayen noma, mazaunan dabbobi ma sun ragu.
Yunwa ta sa ɓarna ta lalata gonaki da filayen noma, tattake su da cin hatsi, wanda ke haifar da lahani ga mutane. Kunyar dabba bata yarda tayi yawa ba hoto na pronghorn.
Kashi 2 cikin 5 na kananan maganganu suna cikin Red Book saboda karancin yawan su. Kariyar wadannan dabbobin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawan su yana murmurewa sannu a hankali, kuma yanzu adadin ya kai kawuna miliyan 3.
