Quoll - ƙaramin marsupial, bai fi girma da kyanwa ba. Additionari ga sunan - marsupial marten, da ɗan kamannin waje, kwoll ba shi da alaƙa da shahidai - maula ce ta farauta.
Game da, su waye kwalliya, a karo na farko a ƙarshen karni na 18 ya gaya wa Baturen matafiyi, mai bincike da bincike James Cook a cikin "Bayanin Balaguro". Dabbobin sun haɗu da shi a balaguro zuwa Australia da tsibirin Tasmania.
Bayani da siffofin mahaukatan
Bayani Quolls na iya farawa da gaskiyar cewa ana yawan kwatanta dabbar nan da ferret, marten ko mongose - kuma hakika, akwai kamannin waje gaba ɗaya da kowane ɗayan dabbobin.
Sunan Ingilishi kvolla na nufin "ɗan asalin gabashin duniya" - amma, ana iya kwatanta shi da kyanwa ne saboda ƙaramarta.
Lallai, mafi girman nauyi a cikin maza kilo 2 ne, a mata - har ma da ƙasa, kimanin kilogram 1, kuma tsawon jiki, a matsakaici, yakai santimita 40.
A hoto, dabbar tana kwoll
Wutsiyar kwalliyar tana da tsayi, daga santimita 17 zuwa 25, an rufe ta da ulu. Theafafu gajere ne, ƙafafun baya suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da na gaba. Bakin bakin yana da kunkuntar, an nuna shi zuwa hanci, tare da gajere, zagaye kunnuwa.
Jawo na abin birgima yana da taushi sosai, siliki, da kauri. Launinsa ya banbanta daga launin rawaya zuwa kusan baƙi, tare da baƙuwa ƙanana da manyan farin specks, warwatse ko'ina cikin bayan.
Babban abin rarrabewar girgizar shine kasancewar wata karamar aljihu mai taushi a kan cikin mata, wanda aka samar dashi daga narkar da fata. A cikin yanayin al'ada, kusan ba a iya ganinsa, amma lokacin da mace ta shirya don bayyanar 'ya'yan ƙuruciya, aljihun (ko jakar tsintsiya) yana ƙaruwa cikin girma, nonuwan suna zama sananne.
Aljihun yana da tsari mai ban sha'awa - ba ya budewa kamar a wasu marsupials, alal misali, a cikin kangaroo, amma ya koma wutsiya, don jarirai sabbin haihuwa su hanzarta shiga aljihun nan da nan bayan haihuwa kuma su shayar da mahaifiyarsu.
Akwai sanannun nau'ikan 6 na marten marten:
- brindle,
- dwarf,
- Geoffroy's marsupial marten,
- sabuwar guinea,
- tagulla marsupial marten,
- marsupial marsupial kwoll.
Mafi girma shine tiger marsupial marten, matsakaicin nauyin waɗannan dabbobi kusan kilogram 5 ne. Duba kwolla ba za ku iya ba kawai akan hoton - kwanan nan, an kawo dabbobin zuwa Gidan Zoo na Moscow, inda suka fito daga Leipzig - ana kan ci gaba da kiwon wadannan dabbobin a cikin fursuna, kuma tuni suka fara nasarar kiwo.
Yanayin rayuwa da mazauni
Yawancin jinsunan da ke cikin Australia da Tasmania, yayin da tagulla da sabbin mutanen Mars na marine da ke zaune a New Guinea. Abin takaici, a kan yankin Ostiraliya, raƙuman ruwa, saboda dalilai daban-daban, kusan ba su tsira ba - yawancin dabbobi suna rayuwa a yankin tsibirin Tasmania.
A farkon karni na 20, yawansu ya ragu sosai sakamakon annoba. Bugu da kari, yawan mutanen da ke karni a karnin da ya gabata manoma sun lalata su saboda mamayar su da kaji da zomaye.
Zuwa yau, duk jerin gwanon Australiya suna cikin Lissafi na Duniya kamar yadda yake kusa da masu rauni. Ana kokarin dawo da adadin wadannan dabbobin masu farautar.
Wanda kwoll ke zaune ba wai a dazuzzuka kawai ba, ana samunsa a cikin makiyaya da makiyaya mai tsayi, a wuraren fadama da kwaruruka, a wuraren da ke da tudu. Da zarar lokaci guda, kwolls suna farin ciki da zama har ma a ɗakunan gidaje masu zaman kansu.
Quall - dabba dare. Da rana, yakan ɓuya a cikin mafaka, waɗanda suke ramuka ne na itace, kogin dutse ko kogon dutse, da farauta da dare. Gaskiya mai ban mamaki - kowane dabba, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da ramuka da yawa lokaci guda, "yana motsi" bi da bi daga ɗayan zuwa wani.
Godiya ga ƙafafun kafafu da doguwar jera mai sauƙi, marsupial marten yayi kyakkyawan hawa bishiyoyi, amma, baya son yin shi da yawa, ya fi son hanyar rayuwa ta ƙasa - dabbobi suna gudu da sauri kuma suna tsalle da kyau. Wannan dabba ce mai matukar aiki, mai saurin gudu da sauri.
Quall ya mallaki minks da yawa lokaci guda
Ungiyoyin ba da fatawa ba sa rayuwa cikin ƙungiya - bisa ga ɗabi'unsu suna da ladabi, kowannensu yana kishin yankinsa da babbar murya da tsawa. Ana samun rikice-rikice ne kawai yayin lokacin saduwa.
Babban abokan hamayyar marubutan su ne kuliyoyin daji, karnuka da dila, wadanda, a yakin neman abinci, galibi sukan afkawa dabbobin su kore su daga wuraren da suke. Quolls galibi suna zama masu fama da shaidan na Tasmania - dangin su na kusa.
Abinci
Quolls kusan komai ne: kwari da tsutsa, da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da kwai tsuntsaye, masu rarrafe, na iya zama ganimar su; ba zai musu wahala su kashe kaji ba.
Quoll baya kyamar cin nama, ragowar abincin da ya rage daga sauran masu cin abincin. Dabbobin ba sa cin abincin dabbobi kawai - suna da niyyar cin abinci a kan korayen ciyawa, ganyaye, 'ya'yan itacen marmari da' ya'yan itace.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin saduwa don Quolls yana farawa a lokacin hunturu - wannan shine lokacin daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. Namiji ya sami mace da wari - da gangan ta sanya alamar yankin, ta bar alamun wari. Maza suna da rikici yayin lokacin saduwa, suna fada da kishi tare da masu fafatawa, kuma suna iya kashe mace. A ƙarshen wasannin mating, sun gaji sosai.
Mace tana ɗauke da cuba cuban kimanin sati uku. An haife su kanana, masu tsawon mm 5 kawai kuma suna da nauyin 'yan milligram. Cubs an haife su daga 4 zuwa 8, amma yana iya samun 'yan dozin.
Adadin rayuwar 'ya' yan kai tsaye ya dogara da wanda ya fara shan nonon - mace na da duka 6 a cikin jaka, a cikin jakar, gutsuttsuren yana girma na kimanin makonni 8-9, sannan yunƙurin farko na barin uwar ko motsawa, ta kama bayanta, ya fara.
A cikin hoton, kwalliya tare da ɗiya
Suna koyon yadda za su sami abinci kusa da watanni 4-5, da kansu a wani lokaci lokaci guda suna daina shan nonon uwa. A farkon rayuwar daban, samari masu ruɗuwa galibi suna mutuwa. Da shekara ɗaya da haihuwa, theasan ƙarshe sun girma, sun balaga da jima'i.
Qualls dabbobi ne masu rauni, a yanayi basa rayuwa tsawon lokaci, aƙalla kimanin shekaru 3-5. A cikin bauta, suna da tushe sosai kuma suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7.
