Fasali da mazaunin ganyayyaki
Ganyayyaki Sunan gama gari ne don nau'ikan da yawa kifina dangin herring ne. Dukansu suna da mahimmancin kasuwanci, kuma an kama su a manyan masana'antu.
Jikin kifin an dan matsa shi kadan daga bangarorin, kuma an rufe shi da sikeli mai matsakaici ko babba. A kan baya mai duhu-shuɗi ko zaitun, akwai fin ɗaya a tsakiya.
Finarshen ƙashin ƙugu ya tsiro ƙasa da shi, kuma fin ɗin caudal yana da sanarwa ta musamman. Tare da ciki, launi mai azurfa, tare da layin tsakiya, wuce keel, wanda ya kunshi sikeli masu dan kaɗan. Girman herring karami ne, har ma karami. A matsakaita, yana girma har zuwa cm 30-40. Kifin kifi mara sa ciwo zai iya girma zuwa 75 cm.
Manya manyan idanu an kafa zurfi a kan kai. Hakora dai kodai basu da karfi ko sun bata kwata-kwata. Jawananan muƙamuƙin ya ɗan inganta sosai kuma yana fitowa sama da hammata na sama. Moutharamin bakin. Ganyayyaki yana iya zama teku ko kifin kogi... A cikin ruwa mai daɗi, yana rayuwa a cikin rafuka, galibi ana iya samun sa akan Volga, Don ko Dnieper.
A cikin ruwan gishiri, a cikin garken tumaki masu ban sha'awa, ana samunsu a cikin Tekun Atlantika, Pacific da Arctic. Yana son ƙarancin yanayi, sabili da haka, a cikin ruwan sanyi mai tsananin sanyi da zafi, aan nau'ikan suna wakiltar shi.
A cikin hoton, garken garken herring
Mutane ƙalilan ne suka sani menene kifi kira Pereyaslavl herring... Abin ban dariya shine babu ruwanta da wannan dangin ko kaɗan, kodayake a zahiri kamanninsu yake.
A zahiri, yana siyarwa ne. An haramta shi kama shi, balle sayar dashi, a ƙarƙashin azabar mutuwa. An ci shi ne kawai a ɗakunan sarauta, a wasu shagulgula daban-daban. Wannan sanannen kifin an zana shi a jikin rigunan makamai na garin Pereslyavl-Zalessky.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar herring
Rayuwa teku kifi herring yayi nisa daga bakin teku. Yana iyo kusa da saman ruwa, da wuya ya nitse koda kasa da mita 300. Yana rike a cikin manyan garken tumaki, wadanda yake samarwa a lokacin fitowar su daga kwan. Matasa, a wannan lokacin, yi ƙoƙari ku kasance tare.
Kogin ciyawa
Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta farkon ciyarwa akan plankton, wanda koyaushe yana da yawa a cikin ruwan teku, saboda haka babu gasa. Jamb din ya kasance ba canzawa na dogon lokaci kuma yana da wuya ya haɗu da wasu.
Kogin kiwon kifi kifi ne mai lalacewa. Rayuwa a cikin Blackasashen Baƙin Baƙin Baƙi da na Caspian, yana zuwa fage ne a sabbin wurare. A kan hanyar dawowa, mutanen da suka gaji sun mutu gaba ɗaya, ba sa isa gida.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki
Abubuwan da aka zaɓa na abinci suna canzawa a cikin ciyawa yayin girma da balaga. Bayan barin qwai, abincin farko na dabbobin dabbobi shine napuli. Bugu da ari, abubuwan jituwa suna shiga menu, suna girma, abincin da ake ci yana da yawa da yawa. Bayan shekara biyu, sarin ciyawar ya zama zooplankton.
Bayan sun balaga, herring yana ciyar da abin da zai kama tare da ƙananan kifi, crustaceans da benthos. Girman su kai tsaye ya dogara da abubuwan da ake so na gastronomic. Ta hanyar sauyawa gaba ɗaya zuwa abincin mai farauta ne kifin zai iya girma zuwa girman da aka ba shi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar herring
Akwai jinsunan herring da yawa, don haka muna iya cewa sun haihu duk shekara. Manya-manyan mutane suna jefawa cikin zurfin, da ƙananan waɗanda suke kusa da bakin teku.
Suna taruwa a lokacin kiwo cikin manyan garken tumaki, suna da yawa ta yadda, ta hanyar tallafawa, ƙananan matakan kifin kawai ke tura na sama daga ruwa. Ragewar ruwa yana faruwa a lokaci guda a cikin duka mutane, ruwan ya zama hadari kuma takamaiman ƙamshi ya bazu ko'ina.
Mace ta haihu har zuwa ƙwai 100,000 a lokaci guda, suna nitsewa zuwa ƙasa kuma suna mannewa a ƙasa, harsashi ko tsakuwa. Girman su ya dogara da nau'in nau'in ganyayyaki. Bayan makonni 3, tsutsa ta fara fitowa, kusan girman 8 mm. Gudun igiyoyin ruwa suna fara ɗaukarsu cikin ruwan. Suna kaiwa tsawon santimita 6, suna ta tururuwa cikin garken tumaki suna ajiye su a kusa da gabar teku.
A lokacin da ake haihuwa (Mayu - Yuni), herring na wucin gadi ya tashi zuwa gefen kogunan ruwa. Yin amai yana faruwa da daddare, yayin da ƙwai ke yawo a cikin ruwa, ba tare da haɗawa zuwa ƙasan ba. Yaran yara masu yin yayan herring, bayan sun sami ƙarfi, sun fara matsawa zuwa kogin zuwa ƙasa don shiga cikin teku a farkon hunturu.
Jinsi iri-iri
Akwai nau'ikan ganyayyaki da yawa, kusan nau'in 60, don haka zamuyi la'akari da mafi mashahuri ne kawai daga cikinsu. Kifin gwangwanin kifi wanda aka samo a cikin Tekun Arewa da na Yaren mutanen Norway, inda aka kama shi a lokacin watanni mai dumi.
Kifi ne mai saurin iyo tare da tsawon rai har zuwa shekaru 20. Ita mai farauta ce saboda haka ta girma zuwa girma. Bayan ta kai shekaru 3-4, sai ta tafi ɓuya a kudu maso yammacin Ireland. Mafi shahararren abinci daga ita shine mackerel a cikin miya mai tsami.
Black Sea herring yana zaune a cikin Azov da kuma Bahar Black, ɓatancin farawa daga watan Mayu - Yuni. Tana ciyar da abinci ne akan ɓawon burodi da ƙananan kifi waɗanda ke iyo a saman ruwan. Matsakaicin girman wannan nau'in ya kai cm 40. Kifi ya shahara sosai tsakanin masanan kifi. Mafi sau da yawa pickles wannan musamman kifin ganyayyaki ƙare a kan ɗakunan ajiya
Shering na Pacific yana rayuwa a kowane zurfin. Yana da girma - fiye da cm 50 a tsayi kuma yana da nauyin 700. Namansa ya ƙunshi mafi iodine fiye da sauran nau'in. An haƙa shi a kan babban sikelin kasuwanci: Rasha, Amurka, Japan. Mafi sau da yawa, a kan hoton ganyayyaki, zaka iya ganin irin wannan kifi.
Shahararren herring na yawo a cikin ruwan Tekun Baltic. Karami ne karami, kimanin cm 20. Yana ciyarwa ne kawai akan plankton, harma ya balaga. Wannan abincin kifi - herring amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin gishiri tsari.
Wani mashahurin wakilin, Baltic sprat, shima yana can. Ana kama waɗannan ɗanɗano mai daɗin har da bakin tekun New Zealand da Tierra del Fuego. Mafi shaharar amfani da wannan nau'in a gare mu shine abincin gwangwani.
Wakilin da yafi kowane rikici kifin ganyayyaki - wannan shine iwashi... Abinda yakamata shine na dangin sardine, kuma a zahiri kawai yana kama da herring. A kan ƙididdigar USSR, wannan kifin ya zo ƙarƙashin alamar kasuwanci "Iwashi herring", wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice a nan gaba.
A wancan zamani mai nisa, kamun wannan kifin bashi da arha, saboda yawan makarantun sa sun yi iyo kusa da bakin teku, amma sai suka yi nisa cikin teku, kuma kamun nasa ya zama mara amfani.
