Fasali da mazaunin Altai maral
Altai maral dabba ne mai haɗari na musamman. A cikin tsaunukan Altai, kyawawan barewa suna rayuwa - Altai marals. Waɗannan dabbobi ne masu girman gaske, nauyin maza zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 350, kuma tsayin da ya bushe ya kai 160 cm.
Amma duk da girman su, wadannan halittu suna iya tafiya tare da gangaren tsauni tare da sauki mai ban mamaki, yayin da suke nuna kyakyawa ta musamman da zama adon yanayin shimfidar tsaunuka.
Bayyanar wannan barewar kyakkyawa ce kuma babu irinta. Mafi kyawun ado na namiji (kamar yadda zaku iya gani ta hanyar kallo hoton Altai maral) manyan karnukan reshenta ne wadanda suka banbanta kan kowace sanda da harbe biyar ko sama da haka, wanda dabbobi ke rasa lokaci-lokaci, amma duk lokacin bazara sukan fara girma, daga baya sai su kai girman 108 cm.
Mata ba su da irin wannan arzikin. Kari akan haka, a waje suna da saukin bambancewa daga maza masu karfi da girma. Launin waɗannan dabbobin yana canzawa gwargwadon lokacin.
A cikin watannin bazara, yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja ko ja, kuma a lokacin sanyi, ana ƙara sautunan launin toka zuwa wannan kewayon. Wani sanannen fasalin launi na barewa kuma madubi ne mai launin rawaya, mai kaifi tare da ratsin baƙar fata, ɗayan yana rufe croup.
A cikin yankin Altai maral sune na kowa. Hakanan zangonsu ya fadada kan yankin Krasnoyarsk Territory, da Tien Shan da Kyrgyzstan, inda za a same su a cikin dazuzzuka da dazukan daji, suna rufe yankunan tsaunuka. Irin wannan barewar kuma suna zaune a New Zealand.
Maral nau'in
Waɗannan su ne dabbobin Littafin Ja. Da zarar mazaunin Altai maral ya yawaita. Koyaya, saboda dalilai da yawa, irin waɗannan halittu masu ban sha'awa suna hankali, amma ba a rasa ba, suna mutuwa, kuma har yanzu babu matakan da zasu iya canza wannan yanayin. Don kiwo da kariya daga waɗannan barewar, an ƙirƙiri gonakin kiwo maral.
Bayanin farko game da irin wannan wakilcin na musamman na dabbobin duniya an tattara su a cikin karni na 18 daga ayyukan Pallas. Masana ilimin halittu sun dade suna nazarin irin waɗannan abubuwa masu rai, amma mafi cikakkun bayanai game da su an samo su ne kawai a cikin shekaru 30 na karnin da ya gabata ta ma'aikatan ajiyar Altai.
Altai maral an yi rikodin shi azaman nau'in halitta mai zaman kansa a cikin 1873, amma ƙarni ɗaya bayan haka an danganta wannan nau'in dabbar ne kawai da adadin ƙananan jan barewa: ƙungiyar Siberia, wacce a yanzu ake ɗaukar maral a matsayin wani ɓangare. Ban da shi, akwai kuma kungiyoyin Yammacin Turai da Tsakiyar Asiya.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Irin waɗannan dabbobi sun kasance abubuwan farauta tun fil azal. Lard da kuma Altai maral namakazalika da kyakkyawan fata. Amma wannan jeri bai ƙare a wurin ba, saboda dauren da aka bayyana halittu ne masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Altai maral jini ɗan adam ya daɗe yana amfani da shi azaman magani, kuma har yanzu ana yaba shi a duk duniya kuma ba shi da alamun analog.
Kusan kyawawan halaye na waɗannan halittun bawai kawai sun zama dalilin haifar da tatsuniyoyi ba, har ma sun zama abubuwa na kasuwanci, yayin da, rashin alheri, ba koyaushe yake da ma'anar daidaito ba, yana aiki azaman abun riba mara iyaka. Babu shakka wannan yanayin al'amuran ya kasance babban dalilin da ya sa aka hallaka dabbobi babu kunya.
Wannan yana da mummunan tasiri a kan makarar maral, kuma a wani mataki ya haifar da kusan kusan hallaka wani jinsi na musamman. Baya ga farautar farauta, abubuwan yanayi sun kuma haifar da raguwar mutane: tsananin hunturu da rashin ingantaccen abinci.
Rarara ƙahonin marata Altai da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙera kayan adon, kayan hannu masu tsada da abubuwan tunawa. Amma irin wannan dalla-dalla na bayyanar waje, wanda ke aiki ba wai kawai ado ba, amma dabbobi ke amfani dashi azaman hanyar gwagwarmaya da kariya, yana da wasu kyawawan halaye ga mutane.
Lokacin bazara don maral ya zama lokacin haɓakar tururuwa. Wannan sunan samarin da ba a bayyana su ba horns na Altai marals... Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda mutane ke amfani dashi a wurare da yawa na ilimin kimiyyar magani.
An yi amfani da kayan warkarwa na tururuwa tun zamanin da a maganin gabas, sanannu ne musamman a China. Abin da ya sa mazaunan Daular Celestial suka sayi irin wannan samammen samfurin don kuɗi mai yawa. Centuriesarni da yawa da suka gabata kadarori tururuwan Altai maral fara amfani da shi a Rasha.
Farauta don barewa ta dusashe ta baya bayan lokaci, kuma ƙirƙirar wuraren gandun daji inda aka ajiye waɗannan dabbobin ya zama kasuwanci mai fa'ida. A zamanin yau, an bunkasa kiwo mai rarrafe da yawa, kuma an sami nasarar isar da mafi kyawun abu zuwa ƙasashen waje.
Antlers sun fara yankewa suna da shekaru biyu. Sau da yawa nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 10, kuma irin wannan ƙashin ƙashi mai daraja ya fi tsutsa fiye da tururuwar sauran barewa.
Al’ada ce ta sare kahonnin matasa kafin karshen girman su. Bayan wannan, an girbe tururuwa ta hanya ta musamman: an bushe su, ana tafasa su, ana gwangwani ko ana amfani da su don yin magunguna.
Altai maral abinci mai gina jiki
Maral – dabbacin abinci musamman na tsire-tsire, amma abincin sa ya bambanta kuma ya dogara da yanayi. A watannin hunturu, don ciyar da kansu sai su gangara zuwa ƙwanƙolin tsaunuka.
Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa wannan hanya mai wahala tana da tsawon kilomita 100. Kuma dabbobi dole ne su shawo kan matsaloli masu yawa, suna ratsa kogunan tsaunuka masu guguwa.
Suna iyo da kyau. A lokacin sanyi, maral ba shi da wani zabi face ya wadatu da itacen ciye-ciye da ganye, wani lokaci allura, ko cin laushi.
A irin wannan lokacin, jikinsu yana cikin tsananin buƙatar ma'adanai. Don saduwa da wannan buƙata, dabbobi suna tauna ƙasa, lasa gishiri a cikin gishirin gishiri da haɗama suna shan ruwan ma'adinan dutse daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.
Da zuwan bazara, matsalolin abinci mai gina jiki sun ɓace da kansu. A wannan lokaci na shekara, an rufe gandun daji da tuddai tare da matasa, dogayen ciyawa masu dausayi. Kuma a cikin tsire-tsire da aka bayar ta yanayi mai karimci, akwai magunguna masu yawa, misali, ja da tushen gwal, leuzea, wanda zai iya warkar da kowace cuta. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi sun bayyana, wanda ya sa abincin maral ya bambanta da na gina jiki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Maral yana nufin nau'in halittu masu rai waɗanda suka isa su sami zuriya. Suna samun damar yin aure tun suna da shekaru sama da shekara daya, amma mata na haihuwar barewa ne bayan sun kai shekaru uku. Maza, a gefe guda, suna da ikon yin takin gargajiya cikakke har sai sun kai shekara biyar.
A waje da lokacin kiwo, maza sun fi son yawo cikin tsaunuka su kaɗai. Abokan budurwansu da samarinsu suna rayuwarsu cikin haɗuwa a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki, waɗanda suka haɗa daga mambobi 3 zuwa 6, kuma babban cikin wannan rukunin koyaushe gogaggen mace ce.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da komai na wadannan dabbobin suna bayyana kusa da kaka. Shanu a wannan lokacin suna zuwa neman wuraren da mata ke kiwo, suna jan hankalinsu da babbar kara, ƙarami da tsawa mai tsawa, ana ɗaukar sautukan su na kilomita da yawa.
Saurari muryar maral
Yayin lokacin saduwa, dabbobi kusan basa cin abinci, amma ina shan giya da yawa. Rikice-rikice masu zafi don haƙƙin barin zuriya a wannan lokacin abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Yawancin lokaci sakamakon yaƙe-yaƙe mummunan rauni ne. Amma zuwa ƙarshen kaka, sha'awar ta ragu, ta sake dawowa shekara mai zuwa.
Don bayyanar zuriya, bijimai suna haifar da iyalai na musamman, waxanda suke da hamsin na biyu ko uku, mafi sau da yawa mata biyar. Masu su, tare da tsananin kishi, suna kare matan su daga mamayar kishiyoyi.
'Ya'yan Maral na iya samun tabo, amma kafin zafin farko
Amma ana bai wa mata cikakken 'yancin zabi. Yawancin lokaci suna zaɓar namiji mafi ƙarfi tare da manyan ƙaho. Amma idan suna so su bar taimakon shugaban da ke gundura su sami wani nasu, tsoffin magidanta ba sa neman tsangwama ga abokansu.
Ana haihuwar Kubiyoni ne kawai a farkon bazara mai zuwa. A lokacin saduwa, mata suna da nutsuwa, kuma ana kashe duk abin da suke so don kare sabon ɗa.
Gudu don kare zuriyar, waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu ƙarfin hali suna iya yin yaƙi har ma da irin waɗannan masu son zubar da jini kamar lynxes da kerkeci, suna samun nasara kuma suna juya masu laifi zuwa gudu.
Rayuwa a cikin daji, jan barewa na rayuwa gajere, wanda ba zai wuce shekaru 14 ba. Amma a cikin gonakin dabbobi, barewa sukan rayu har zuwa shekaru 30.
