Wasu halittu mutane sun saba da la'akari da kyawawa, kyawawa da aminci ga kansu. Misali, butterflies. Ambaton su yana haifar da kyakkyawan hoto mai iska a cikin kai, tekun furanni kuma sune suke birgima a cikin cikin masoya. Amma, a tsakanin su kuma babu wasu halittun soyayya masu yawa, kamar su malam ya mutu.
Bayani da bayyanar mamacin shugaban mamaci
Wannan jinsin na dangin shaho ne. Manya-manyan mutane, masu fikafikan ruwa har zuwa cm 13. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan butterflies a Rasha da Turai. Fushin gaban yana da tsawon 40-50 mm. (har zuwa 70 mm.). Fuka-fukan maza sun fi na mata kadan.
In ba haka ba, ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i da kyau. Fuskokin gaban suna kunkuntar, masu kaifi, tare da gefe mai santsi. Wingananan fuka-fukai na Hind sun fi guntu, sau 1.5 sun fi faɗi, an daidaita su zuwa gefe na baya kuma suna da ƙaramar damuwa.
Fukafukai suna da launi daban-daban, kuma tsarin da tsananin launi sun bambanta. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana iya rarrabe fannoni daban-daban a fuka-fukan gaba, kuma na baya yawanci rawaya ne.
Nauyi matattu shugaban shaho asu malam buɗe ido Giram 2 zuwa 8. Mata sun fi maza girma. Kansu kusan baƙar fata ne ko kuma tare da tabon ruwan kasa. Kirjin baƙi ne tare da zane mai launin yashi. Tsarin zai iya zama daban.
Bayyana shugaban malam buɗe ido ya mutu, tabbas ya kamata a ce wannan zane galibi yana kama da hoton kwanyar da ƙashi. Wannan launi ne ya zama dalilin kiran wannan Lepidoptera haka.
An bambanta launuka daban-daban kaɗan-kaɗan, amma bayanan kwanyar galibi akwai, wanda yake bayyane akansa hoton shugaban malam buɗe ido... Cikin ya kai tsawon cm 6, kusan 2 cm a diamita.
Malam buɗe baki ya samo sunansa ne daga zane wanda yayi kama da yadda kwanya yake.
A cikin maza, an nuna ƙarshensa, a mata ya fi zagaye. Kirji da ciki suna da baki. 2-3ungiyoyin 2-3 na ƙarshe a cikin maza gabaɗaya baƙi ne, a cikin mata ɓangare ɗaya baƙi ne. Idanun ba su da komai, zagaye. Proboscis na wannan malam buɗe ido yana da kauri, ya kai kimanin 14 mm. Antennae suma gajere ne, kafafu gajere ne kuma masu kauri.
Matattarar Mazaunin Mata
Yanki malam mazaunin matattu shugaban ya dogara da yanayi, tunda jinsin ƙaura ne. Kan mutuwa yana zaune a yankunan kudu daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Ana ɗaukar ƙasar ta asali ne a Arewacin Afirka, kuma yawan mutanen da ke yanzu lokaci-lokaci suna samun daidaito daga mutane masu ƙaura daga yankunan kudu.
Butteran buɗan buɗe bakin haure na iya zuwa saurin zuwa 50 km / h. Tsarin duniya ya hada da Afirka da yamma da Palaearctic. Labarin malam abu ne gama gari a cikin yankuna masu zafi da na Tsohon Duniya, a gabas zuwa Turkmenistan. Kudaje zuwa Ural na Tsakiya da Arewa maso Gabashin Kazakhstan.
Yana zaune a Kudanci da Tsakiyar Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Syria, Iran, Turkey, Madagascar. Da kyar aka samu a tsibirin Crimea, a Abkhazia, Armenia, Georgia. An samo wannan nau'in a yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu: Volgograd, Saratov, Penza, Moscow, Krasnodar Territory da Arewacin Caucasus, inda galibi ake samunsu a cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka.
Mazaunin malam buɗe ido ya bambanta, amma galibi ya fi son zama kusa da filayen da aka noma, gonaki, a cikin kwari. Ya fi son wuraren da rana tayi zafi.
Mataccen shugaban malam buɗe ido
Matattu Head - Malam Butterfly... Tana hutawa da rana, idan magariba tayi, sai ta tafi farauta. Har zuwa tsakar dare, ana iya ganin waɗannan manyan malam buɗe ido a wuraren da aka haskaka, haske daga sanduna da fitilu ya jawo su. Wasu lokuta zaka iya ganin rawanin mawaƙan manya-manyan malam buɗe ido, lokacin da suke dawafi da kyau a cikin ɗakunan buhunan haske mai haske.
Butterfly mataccen kai na iya yin sauti
Baya ga fitowar sa mai firgitarwa, wannan Lepidoptera na iya fitar da ƙara mai ƙarfi. Ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya yadda suke yin hakan ba. Mai yiwuwa sautin yana fitowa daga cikin ciki. Ba a sami kayan aiki na waje ba A kowane irin yanayi ya kasance - ya kasance pupa, kwari, ko babba malam - mataccen kan na iya yin kuwwa. Muryoyi kuma sun banbanta a shekaru daban-daban.
A matakin kuruciya, kwarin dawa ba safai yake zuwa sama ba; yana yin mafi yawan lokaci a karkashin kasa. Wasu lokuta tsutsa ba ta ma fitowa daga kasa gaba daya, amma tana fitar da wani bangare na jiki, ya kai ga korayen mafi kusa, dines kuma ya dawo da baya. Caterpillar yana rayuwa a zurfin cm 40. A cikin wannan yanayin, yakan shafe kimanin watanni biyu, sannan kuma ya zama ɗan fari.
A cikin hoton, wani ɗan katon malam buɗe ido ne wanda ya mutu
Mutuwar kai
Ofaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa mutane ba sa son kwarin shaho shi ne cewa kwari suna cin saman tsire-tsire. Suna da matukar son kwanciyar rana (misali, dankali, tumatir, eggplant, physalis).
Suna kuma cin abinci a saman karas, gwoza, jujjuya da sauran kayan lambu. Haka kuma caterpillars suna cin baƙi da wasu tsire-tsire masu ciyawa. A lokacin 'ya'yan itace na bishiyoyi a cikin lambuna, suna haifar musu da babbar illa a gare su ta hanyar cin' ya'yan itace.
Butterflies, a gefe guda, ana ganin su cikin soyayya ta musamman don zaƙi - sau da yawa sukan ziyarci apiaries, inda suke hawa daidai cikin amya. Don hana kudan zuma kai wa malam buɗe ido hari, yana ɓoye abubuwa na musamman waɗanda ba sa cin amanar baƙo a ciki.
Bugu da kari, ana zaton cewa tsarin jikin yana tunatar da kudan zuma na sarauniyar su, don haka ba sa tsoma baki tare da bayyanar kwarkwaron cikin gidajensu. Malam buɗe baki yana ƙaddamar da proboscis mai kauri a cikin saƙar zuma kuma yana tsotse kusan gram 10 na zuma a lokaci guda.
Da kyau, idan an riga an saci ɓarawo, to layin gashi mai tsayi zai kare ta daga cizon. Masu kiwon zuma sun koyi kare amya ta saka raga da ƙaramin raga a kusa da su. Kudan zuma da jirage marasa matuka na wucewa cikin ramuka cikin sauki, kuma kwarin dawa da ke kwarara ba zai iya shiga cikin amsar ba.
Butterflies kuma suna ciyar da itaciyar fure, ruwan itace, bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itace. Ba za su iya cizo ta 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa ba, kuma kawai za su ci waɗanda suka lalace kuma wanda ruwa ke gudana daga gare su. A lokacin cin abincin dare, mataccen shugaban malam buɗe ido ba ya rataye a cikin iska, amma yana zaune kusa da "farantin", ba kamar sauran nau'ikan kwari na shaho ba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na mataccen shugaban malam buɗe ido
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da kan malam buɗe ido shi ne cewa ƙarni na biyu na mata ba shi da haihuwa, kuma kawai sabon ƙirar baƙin haure na iya sake cika yawan jama'a. Kwarin ungulu suna haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu a kowace shekara. Idan shekarar ta zama mai dumi, to na uku za'a iya nunawa. Amma, idan kaka yayi sanyi, wasu kwari basu da lokacin pupate su mutu.
Mata suna jan hankalin maza da pheromones, ana yin jima'i da kwan ƙwai. Eggswanan waɗannan butterflies suna da launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, girmansu ya kai 1.2-1.5 mm. Malam buɗe baki yana manne a ƙasan ganyen abinci, yana ɓoye su a cikin tsakuwa tsakanin ganye da akwati.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa na malam buɗe ido mamaci ne
Caterpillars suna da girma, suna da kafa biyar. Farkon farko ya kai tsawon cm 1, sannan kyanwa ta girma har zuwa 15 cm kuma tana da nauyin gram 20-22. Launin kwari daban-daban ne, amma galibi dukkansu suna da kyau sosai. Don canzawa zuwa matakin ɗalibai, ɗan kwari zai rayu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kimanin watanni biyu. Kuma juya zuwa cikin malam buɗe ido, jaririn zai ɗauki wata ɗaya.
Abin takaici, kyakkyawa malam ya mutu suna kewaye da wasu tatsuniyoyi da almara, abin al'ajabi ma'anahakan bai mata komai ba. An yi imani da cewa idan wannan malam buɗe ido ya bayyana kusa da ku, to, ƙaunatacce zai mutu, kuma don hana wannan, ya zama dole a halakar da mugunta. Ma'aunin fuka-fuki kuma yana da lahani, wanda ya hana mutum gani, kuma an kuma ɗora musu alhakin yaduwar mummunan annoba.
Yanzu duk waɗannan imani sun kasance a baya, kuma a ƙasashe da yawa an rubuta malam buɗe ido a cikin Littafin Ja. Tsammani na rayuwa ya dogara da abubuwan gina jiki da tsutsa ta taru; yawanci, babban mutum ya mutu yana rayuwa daga kwanaki da yawa zuwa wata daya.
