Skates (Anthus) ƙananan tsuntsaye ne daga tsarin passerines, matsakaicin girman su bai wuce 15 cm ba (wasu nau'in sun kai 20 cm), an rarraba kusan ko'ina cikin duniya, ban da Antarctica da Antarctica.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da wakiltar adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan: akwai kusan 40 daga cikinsu. Sau da yawa, idan aka ambace su a cikin hira, to dokin daji - tsuntsu, wanda mafi sau da yawa ana iya samun sa a cikin yanayi da cikin ƙaura.
Hakikanin gano jinsin wani mutum ya zama sirri ga yawancin masu kula da tsuntsaye. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa maza ba su bambanta da mata ba, kuma gaba ɗaya akwai raunin bambance-bambance masu rauni.
Wannan kuma ya shafi banbanci tsakanin tsuntsaye masu shekaru daban-daban, sau da yawa yana da matukar wuya a tantance wane nau'in shekaru ne dabba take. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya suna fuskantar matakin sake fasalta rabe-raben jinsin kamar haka, musamman dangin wagtail.
Fasali da mazaunin doki
Skates - tsuntsaye na sirri Abin da ya sa abin da ake kira launi mai laushi ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin su, yayin da ɓangaren sama na jikin ya yi duhu mai duhu, kuma ƙananan ya zama fari-fari.
Kyakkyawan ma'auni don rarrabe wani nau'in daga wani shine keɓantaccen waƙa: kowane nau'in skate yana da nasa waƙar waƙa. Kari akan haka, ana iya amfani da tsarin larurar a matsayin ganewa. Misali, kasancewar fara mai launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu launuka daban-daban. Su, duk da ɗan kaɗan, amma sun bambanta a cikin tsuntsaye daban-daban, kuma sun dogara da mazaunin.
Saurari muryar dokin daji
Tare da keɓaɓɓun banda, waɗannan tsuntsayen masu ƙaura ne. Zasu iya zama a cikin subantarctic, arctic tundra, high alpine makiyaya, filayen tsakiyar bel, kuma a lokacin sanyi, ana samun wasu nau'in a Afirka da Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tsuntsaye
Doki mai hange (Anthus hodgsoni) wataƙila ɗayan fitattun wakilai ne. Sashin sa na sama yana da sautin zaitun mai launin kore. Partasan ɓangaren jiki ya fi duhu kuma yana da faffadan wurare masu kauri waɗanda ke rufe babba na sama. Birdaramar tsuntsu ba ta da launi mai tsananin gaske. Mazaunin ya faro daga Tomsk zuwa Japan; a cikin hunturu - ana iya samun sa a Indiya, Burma, Indochina.
A cikin hoton akwai doki mai tabo
Dokin dutse (Anthus spinoletta) ko bututun bakin ruwa launin ruwan kasa ne a samansa, kuma taguwar faun a ƙasa. A lokacin bazara, kirjin ya zama ruwan hoda, a kan kai mai toka, inuwar gira mai haske ta fito fili. Jinsin yana da ban sha'awa a cikin cewa kusan ba shi da bambanci a launi.
Mazaunin ya fadada zuwa kudancin Turai, da Asiya (har zuwa China). Tunda wannan tsuntsu ya fi son fadama ko makiyaya da ke da ambaliyar ruwa a matsayin mazauninsu, sai ya yi ta yin ƙaura zuwa tazara mai nisan gaske.
Hoton shine tsuntsun dokin dutse
Doki mai jan ciki (Anthus cervinus) yana da launuka masu zuwa: gefen sama launin ruwan kasa ne tare da ratsi mai duhu tare da jiki; kasan yana da fari-rawaya. A wurin akwai samfurin ja-launin ruwan kasa, yana mirgina a gefen wasu tsuntsaye.
Wani fasali daban shine girar gira mai haske da zoben farin farin bakin ciki. Mazaunin ya fadada har zuwa yankin Chukchi, wasu samfuran ana samunsu a gabar yammacin Alaska. Sun fi son zama a fadama. Mahalli a lokacin rani da damuna kusan iri ɗaya ne.
Saurari muryar dokin jan-dumi
A cikin hoton akwai doki mai jan ciki
Dawakin makiyaya (Anthus pratensis) ɗayan nau'ikan jinsin ne. Launi launin toka ne, wanda ba a bayyana ba, kasan yana da haske rawaya. Mahalli: arewacin Asiya da Turai. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Ingila da Ireland ba sa zama. Sauran sun yi ƙaura zuwa arewacin Afirka ko kudancin Turai.
Saurari muryar makiyaya
Tsuntsun Meadowhorse
Dokin Siberia (Anthus gustavi) yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilan arewa. Babban ɓangaren yana da launin rawaya-rawaya tare da launuka marasa haske. Oneananan wanda aka zana whitish. Gida: Kamchatka, Tsibirin Kwamandan, Yankin Chukotka. Sun fi son yin hunturu a Indonesia da Philippines.
Saurari muryar dokin Siberia
Dokin Siberia a cikin hoto
Matakin tudu (Anthus richardi) yakai 20 cm tsayi kuma shine mafi girma memba na jinsi a Tsakiyar Turai. Launi kamar abin tunawa ne kamar na yawancin skates (launin ruwan kasa, ƙasa mai haske). Mazaunin ya faro daga gabashin Kazakhstan zuwa Tekun Pacific.
A cikin hoton, tsuntsun dokin doki ne
Kajin kaji
Duk da yawan mutanen da ke kan kankara, an yi karatun su sosai. Tsuntsaye suna da kunya kuma kusan mawuyacin abu ne a samar da tsarin cin abinci na kowane nau'in. Dukkanin sanannun bayanan an kafa su ne ta hanyar rarraba gawarwakin.
Abu ne sananne cewa wadannan tsuntsayen suna cin kwari, invertebrates, arachnids a matsayin abinci. Za'a iya ƙara abincin abinci na hunturu da tsaba. Hanya mai ban sha'awa don ciyar da wasu nau'ikan skates. Duk da ikon tashi, sun gwammace su ci, suna diban abinci musamman daga ƙasa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar tsuntsayen kankara
A dabi'ance, tsuntsaye suna auren mace daya, suna auren shekara da shekaru ko kuma rayuwa. Babu wata hujja ta kimiyya da zata kammala game da tsawon rayuwar wadannan tsuntsayen.
An shirya gida gida a ƙasa, ana lulluɓe su a cikin ciyayi ta amfani da ciyawa, gansakuka ko mataccen itace. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da gashin dabba a matsayin shimfida.
Matsakaicin adadin ƙwai a kama shine 4. Mafi sau da yawa, mata ne kawai ke ƙyanƙyashe kajin, amma akwai jinsunan da tsuntsayen biyu ke cikin wannan (misali, dokin Siberia). Za'a iya sanya nauyin ciyarwa ga iyayen biyu (dokin dutse).
Launin harsashi na iya zama launin toka, shuɗi mai ɗaci, zaitun, specks da streaks suna yiwuwa. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 10-12. Skates yana bunkasa da sauri kuma kajin sun zama masu cin gashin kansu tun suna da shekaru 12.
Hoton gida tsuntsu ne.
Duk da ɓoyayyen sirri da bayyananniyar sanarwa, skates na iya zama dabbobin gida masu ban mamaki. Suna jure da kamewa da kyau, da sauri suna daidaitawa da sabon yanayin rayuwa, basu da kyau kuma bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci sun fara rarrabe maigidansu da sauran mutane.
