A cikin duniyar kwari, malam buɗe ido yana da ma'anar - sarakuna. Cikakken sunan Danaida-monarch ya fito ne daga asalin masarauta. Tarihin daɗaɗɗa ya ce ɗan thatan Masar mai iko yana da suna Danai, saboda haka sunan kwarin. Nau'i na biyu na sunan an ba shi malam buɗe ido ta hanyar Samuel Skudder a cikin 1874, yana dogara da girman kamanninta da kuma kame manyan yankuna don zama.
Fasali da mazaunin malam buɗe ido
Sarkin yakan yi tafiya mai nisa don zuwa kasashe masu dumi a lokutan hunturu. Ofaya daga cikin siffofin kwari shine rashin haƙuri da lokacin sanyi, kuma abincin da ake ci baya girma a lokacin hunturu a ƙasashen asali na asali.
Mulkin malam buɗe ido daga jinsin Danaids, wanda ke cikin dangin nymphalid. Na dogon lokaci, jinsin Danaids ya kasu kashi uku, wadanda aka manta da su a wannan zamanin namu, kuma a yau duk butterflies 12 suna cikin jinsi daya. Game da masarautar malam buɗe ido wani lokacin daban.
Fuka-fuki a cikin yanayin fadada na malam buɗe ido suna da girma (santimita 8-10). Amma ba wai kawai girman abin mamaki bane, amma tsarin reshe, wanda ke da kwaya miliyan daya da rabi, yana daukar hankali, kuma kumfa suna ciki.
Launi na fuka-fuki ya bambanta, amma sautunan ja-launin ruwan kasa sun fi girma a tsakanin sauran, suna da wadata kuma a adadi masu yawa. Akwai sifofin da aka zana da ratsi mai launin rawaya, kuma alamun fuka-fukan na gaba suna da alamar speck orange, gefunan fikafikan suna kewaya a cikin zane mai launin baki. Mata na malam buɗe ido sun bambanta da na maza a cikin duhu da ƙananan fikafikansu.
Arewacin Amurka yana da mafi yawan adadi na waɗannan kyawawan kwari. Amma saboda mulkin ƙaura malam buɗe ido ana iya samun su har a Afirka da Ostiraliya, Sweden da Spain. A karni na 19, an lura da bayyanar kwari a New Zealand. Butterflies sun ziyarci Turai a cikin Madeira da Canary Islands, malam buɗe ido ya yi nasarar ƙaura zuwa Rasha.
Ganin yadda jirgin malam ke gudana, masana sun lura cewa a watan Agusta suna barin Arewacin Amurka suna tafiya kudu. Ana yin jirgin cikin ginshiƙai, ana kuma kiran su "gajimare".
A cikin hoton, hijirar malam buɗe ido zuwa ƙasashe masu dumi
Idan mazaunin masarautar ya fi kusa da arewa, to ƙaura tana farawa ne daga bazara. Mace da ke matsayi tayi ƙaura tare da sauran, ba ta yin ƙwai, amma tana kiyaye su a cikin kanta yayin tashin, kuma kawai zama a wani sabon wuri ne kawai take sawa. A Meziko, an kafa Maɓuɓɓugar Yankin Mariposa Manarca don butterflies, kuma ba ita kaɗai ba ce inda malam buɗe ido sarki yake zaune.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar malam buɗe ido
Masarautar Danaida tana da daɗin dumi, idan yanayin zazzabi ya faɗo a cikin yanayi, saurin sanyi ya zo ba zato ba tsammani, to malam buɗe ido ya mutu. Dangane da kewayon jirgi, suna matsayi na farko, suna tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi, a shirye suke su rufe kilomita 4000 a saurin 35 km / h. Caterpillars basa tsoron masu farauta saboda kalar su.
Rawaya rawaya, fari da baki alama ce ga masu farautar kasancewar guba. Bayan ya rayu kwana 42, kyanwa tana cin abinci ninki 15,000 fiye da nauyinta, kuma tana girma zuwa santimita bakwai. Babbar kwari "mahaifiya" ta sa ƙwai a kan ganyen zaren.
A cikin hoton akwai kwari da malam buɗe ido na masarauta
Su ne babban abincin don malam buɗe ido a cikin abincin, ruwan 'ya'yan wannan tsire-tsire ya ƙunshi adadin glycosides mai yawa. Bayan sunada abubuwa, sun wuce zuwa jikin kwaron.
A cikin yanayin sanyi, masarautu suna kokarin shayar da dusar ruwa mai yawa. An canza sikari cikin mai, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don tafiya. Kuma malam buɗe ido suna tafiya.
Lokacin da aka isa wurin hunturu, malam buɗe ido yakan share tsawon watanni huɗu. Fuskokin masarauta a cikin hoton lokacin rashin nutsuwa ba ya bayyana karara. Kuma duk saboda dalilin cewa butterflies suna barci a cikin ƙananan yankuna, don adana zafi, suna tsayawa a kusa da rassan da ke ɓoye ruwan 'ya'yan madara.
Sun rataye a kan bishiyoyi, kamar dunƙulen rowan ko inabi. Akwai lokutan da masarauta take tashi sau da yawa a cikin watanni hudu don samun ruwan zakin da ruwa. Abu na farko da malam buɗe ido ke yi bayan ɓoyewa shine shimfiɗa fikafikansu da kuma kaɗa su don su ji ɗumi don jirgin mai zuwa.
Masarautar malam buɗe ido
Masarautar malam buɗe ido tana ciyarwa shuke-shuke da ke samar da ruwan madara. Caterpillars na shan ruwan 'ya'yan madara ne na musamman. A cikin abincin manyan masarauta, tsabagen fure da shuke-shuke: Lilac, karas, aster, clover, goldrod da sauransu.
Mafi yawan kayan marmari ga masarauta shine auduga. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an shuka ulu auduga a cikin lambuna tsakanin bishiyoyi, a gadajen furannin birni, a cikin lambunan gaba na rukunin gidaje masu zaman kansu.
Shuke-shuke yana da kyan gani kuma ba kawai yaudara ce ga malam buɗe ido ba, har ma da kayan ado don yadi ko gadon filawa. Tsirfan yana da tsayin mita biyu, ganye da bishiyoyi suna ɗauke da ruwan madara, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga girma da kiwo na masarautar Danaid.
Sake haifuwa da rayuwar rayuwar malam buɗe ido
Lokacin saduwa don butterflies yana farawa a cikin bazara, kafin tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi. Kafin tsarin saduwa, akwai lokacin zawarci, wanda yake da dadin kallo.
Na farko, namiji yana bin mace a cikin gudu, yana wasa da jan hankali tare da kasancewarsa, ya taɓa ta da fikafikan sa, yana shafa ta lokaci-lokaci. Bugu da ari, da gangan ya tura zaɓaɓɓen ƙasa da ƙarfi.
A wannan lokacin ne kwari ke saduwa. Aljihun maniyyi, wanda namiji ya baiwa mace, ba wai kawai yana taka rawar gani ba, har ma yana tallafawa karfin malam buɗe ido a yayin kwan ƙwai, kuma shi ne mataimaki na tafiya.
Mace a shirye take don saka ƙwai a cikin bazara ko rani. Launin qwai yana da fari, mai ƙanshi mai ɗaci tare da inuwar rawaya. Qwai suna da fasali iri-iri, tsayi fiye da santimita ɗaya, kuma faɗi milimita ɗaya.
Kwanaki huɗu kawai bayan kwanciya, sai wata kwari ta bayyana. Caterpillar mai sarauta bashi da mutunci kuma a lokacin haɓaka zai iya haifar da lahani ga aikin gona. Da farko dai, kwari ya cinye ƙwai daga inda ya bayyana, sannan ya ci gaba zuwa kyawawan ganyen da aka ajiye ƙwai ɗin a kai.
Caterpillars suna tara ƙarfin da ake buƙata da ƙarfi kuma bayan kwanaki 14 sun zama pupae. Lokacin da ƙarin sati biyu suka wuce daga matakin chrysalis, masarautar ta zama kyakkyawar malam buɗe ido.
Dangane da binciken kimiyya, an san cewa kyakkyawan malam buɗe ido tare da sunan sarauta a cikin yanayin yanayi yana rayuwa daga makonni biyu zuwa watanni biyu. Rayuwar malam buɗe ido wanda ya shiga ƙaura yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni bakwai.
