Daya daga cikin nau'ikan ixodid na yau da kullun kaska shine taigaaiki a matsayin ƙwararren masani m daban-daban vertebrates.
Yana da haɗari sosai ba kawai ga dabbobi ba, har ma ga mutane. Fiye da duk daya taiga kaska yana da haɗari, inda yake zaune, wace irin rayuwa yake yi - kowa na iya samun amsar waɗannan tambayoyin a cikin labarinmu.
Fasali da mazaunin taiga kaska
Tiga taiga shine wata halitta mai tsaruwa, saboda haka, galibi tana rayuwa ne a yankuna na gandun daji (a wuraren da suke da duhu da duhu), amma, yana faruwa a cikin makiyaya (a cikin kwazazzabai da katako tare da ciyawa masu tsayi), kuma a cikin dazuzzuka na bishiyoyi, inda take hawa kan ƙananan rassan.
Saboda canje-canje a cikin yanayi, wanda yake tattare da taushinta, iyakokin mazaunin wannan arachnid sun faɗaɗa sosai. Idan a farkon rabin karni na 20. Tunda kashin taiga ya rayu a dazukan Siberia, a zamanin yau galibi ana samunta a cikin Yankin Baltic, wasu yankuna na Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Kamchatka, a tsibirin Kuril da kudancin Japan.
Tsarin taiga taiga daidai yake da dukkanin halittun wannan nau'in, yana da dan karamin jiki mai dauke da kafafu 8 a kai da kai mai siffa (proboscis), wanda ke saukake motsi a cikin murfin gashin gashin gashin wanda aka azabtar.
Haka kuma, mace tana da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin tsarinta, na farkonsu shine launin halittar. Don haka, ga mata, launi mai duhu ja ko launin ruwan kasa-ja yana da halaye, namiji koyaushe baƙi ne.
Wannan shi ne saboda murfin chitinous wanda ke kare jikin kaska. A cikin mace, ba kamar na namiji ba, wannan murfin yana ɗauke da 1/3 na jiki kawai, yayin da sauran ya ƙunshi na fata na fata waɗanda ke ba da damar ciki ya ninka sau 5-8.
Taiga kaska
Kuma suma matan kaska sun banbanta a girmansu, sun ninka na maza ninki biyu. Girman su ya kai 4 mm, kuma lokacin da aka cika da jini - har zuwa 13 mm, yayin da a cikin maza kawai 2.5 mm ne. Ana iya ganin wannan a hoto.
Duk da cewa kaska kadan ce kuma ba su da gabobin gani, a sauƙaƙe suna rayuwa, godiya ga ikon da suke da shi na hango abincinsu a nesa har zuwa mita goma. Wannan karfin ya bunkasa ne saboda yanayin tabawa da jin warin wadannan halittu.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar kashin taiga
Kamar yadda aka fada a baya taiga kaska Halittar mai haɗari, kamar yadda yake mai dauke da cutar kwakwalwa da cutar Lyme. Ana rarrabe shi ta rashin aiki, tunda yafi motsawa a jikin mai gidan.
Kuma hakurin yana tattare da shi a cikin tsammanin kusancin wanda aka azabtar, wanda halittar ke jira a cikin aiki mai kyau, wanda ke tattare da motsi a wurare daban-daban na ƙafafun kafa na gaba, tare da gabobin Haller akan su.
Wadannan motsin suna taimakawa wajen gano inda asalin warin wanda aka azabtar yake, kuma da zaran ya kusa, kaska zata manne da shi tare da taimakon ƙugiyoyi da kofuna na tsotsa wanda aka sanya ƙafafunta dasu.
A nan gaba, kashin taiga ya zabi wuri don ciyarwa, akasari kan ko yankin mahaifa a cikin dabbobi da hanun kafa, wuraren gwaiwa da fatar kan mutum.
Ya kamata a sani cewa mata sun fi maza hatsari. Ana rarrabe su da yawan cin abincinsu kuma ga abinci suna sanya kansu mink a cikin fata, inda suke zama har tsawon kwanaki 6, yayin da maza, don cika wadatar abinci da ruwa, tsotse kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bayan jikewa, ƙwayoyin taiga sun bar mai gidan su kuma suna zaune a cikin yanayin su na asali, kasancewar ƙwarin ƙasa.
Taiga cinye abinci mai gina jiki
Tiga taiga ta ci jini da ruwan nama mai dauke da shi. Bayan kaska ta zabi wurin da za ta ci abinci, sai ta ciji abin da za ta ci, yayin da take yankewa ta fata tare da kwayar cutar, tana kokarin isa ga hanyoyin jini da ke karkashinta.
Kasancewar adadi mai yawa na gland na salivating yana da mahimmancin gaske ga abincin waɗannan arachnids. Yana aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri. Misali, don ciza a taiga kaska an fara fitar da miyau na farko, wanda, kamar siminti, yake manne gabobin bakin ga fatar wanda aka cutar da shi.
Daga bisani, ana sakin ruwan miyau, wanda ke dauke da abubuwa masu aiki na ilimin halittu. Wadannan abubuwa suna iya sanyaya shafin cizon, su lalata ganuwar magudanan jini da kayan da ke kewaye da su, sannan kuma su dakile garkuwar masu dako lokacin da suke kokarin kin su.
Hakanan, tare da taimakon miyau, cakulkuli ya narkar da jini mai shigowa da kuma barbashin kayan da aka lalata don sauƙin sha. An riga an tattauna lokacin ciyarwa a cikin mata da maza a cikin labarinmu, amma gaba ɗaya shine kashi 5-7 cikin 100 na tsarin rayuwar wata halitta.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na kashin taiga
A ƙarshen bazara, igaa taan taiga suna taɓo ko dai a mazauninsu na asali, ko kuma tuni sunga mai gida yayin da mace ke ciyarwa. Bayan cikakkiyar jikewa daga mace, an ɗora ƙwai dubu 1.5-2.5, daga ciki, a cikin fewan makonni, tsutsa ba ta wuce girman 0.5 mm ba kuma ƙafafu shida zasu bayyana.
Don ci gaba, ƙirar suna cin jinin jinin ƙananan dabbobi ko tsuntsaye na rabin sati sannan kuma su koma mazauninsu na asali, inda suke yin nishi da juyawa zuwa nymphs (ma'ana, sun wuce zuwa mataki na gaba na balaga).
Ticks a cikin wannan lokaci ya bambanta da waɗanda suka gabata a cikin manyan girma (har zuwa 1.5 mm) da kasancewar ƙafa 8. A wannan matakin, suna zuwa hunturu, bayan haka kuma sai su sake farauta, kuma a wannan karon dabbobi masu dumi da jini, gami da mutane, sun zama kayan abinci don ci gaba.
Sannan nymphs sun sake shiga cikin tsarin narkarda, bayan haka sai suka zama manya a shekara mai zuwa. Saboda haka ya biyo bayan cewa tsawon rayuwar kashin taiga ya yi daidai da lokacin cikakken ci gabansa kuma yakan dauki aƙalla shekaru 3 (duk da cewa wannan aikin wani lokacin yakan jinkirta zuwa shekaru 4-5).
A wannan lokacin, a ƙarƙashin tasirin yanayi daban-daban da wasu dalilai, daga adadi masu yawa na larvae zuwa matakin ƙirar manya, kawai mafi ƙarfi ya rayu (kawai doan dozin ne).
A taƙaice, Ina so in sake tunatar da cewa taiga kaska shine pathogen cutuka masu haɗari (kuma manya kawai suna da haɗari ga mutane), sabili da haka, lokacin shiga daji a lokacin bazara, dole ne ku bi ƙa'idodi mafi sauƙi don tabbatar da kariya daga waɗannan halittun.
Sun kunshi binciken tufafi na yau da kullun, takurawa zaune a kan ciyawa da motsi a cikin dazuzzuka, da amfani da wadanda ake sakewa, da kuma dawowa gida - cikakken canza tufafi da cikakken binciken jiki. Har ila yau, alurar riga kafi kan encephalitis, wanda ake aiwatarwa koyaushe a ƙauyuka a lokacin aiki "farautar" kwari, ba zai zama mai yawa ba.
