Fasali da mazaunin itace tattabaru
Vyakhir - Wannan ita ce kurciyar daji, a wata hanyar kuma da ake kira vituten. Wannan wakili ne na dangin tattabaru, wanda yake a bayyane ya fi sauran takwarorinsa girma. Tsawon jikin tsuntsun ya kai kimanin santimita 40, amma a wasu lokuta yana gab da rabin mita.
Fuka-fukan tsuntsayen sun kai cm 75 zuwa sama; nauyi daga 450 g, wani lokacin kuma kadan kasa da 1 kg. Irin wadannan tsuntsayen dangi ne na kurciya birni da na gida da kuma kunkuru - suma wakilan wannan dangi ne, amma sunfi karami girma.
Kamar yadda kake gani akan hoto tattabara itace, launuka na tsuntsayen suna da ban sha'awa sosai: babban bango shine launin toka ko kurciya mai toka da hayaki; kirji yana da ja ko ruwan hoda, wuya yana da koren karafa, goiter turquoise ne ko lilac.
A wannan lokacin, lokacin da tsuntsayen suka yi tsayi a tsayi, fararen ratsi ne bayyane a sarari a kan kowane fuka-fuki da kuma kan jela, wanda ya kunshi tabo wadanda su ma a wuyansu, haka kuma a gefen da yake jinjirin wata ne.
Fukafukan farar tattabaru sunkai 75 cm.
Bakin tsuntsun mai launin rawaya ne ko ruwan hoda, idanun rawaya ja ne, kafafu ja ne. Abu ne mai sauki a rarrabe tantabaru daga cikin wadanda suka zo, sai dai don girmanta, ta dan gajarta, kwatankwacin girmanta, fikafikansa da doguwar jelarsa.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune cikin dazuzzuka na Scandinavia kuma ana samunsu har zuwa Himalayas. A yankin tsohuwar USSR, sun zama gama gari a cikin Kasashen Baltic da Ukraine. A cikin Rasha, sau da yawa ana iya samun tattabakar kurmi a cikin yankunan Leningrad, Gorky da Novgorod.
Dogaro da mazaunin, kurciyar katako na iya zama mazaunin gida da tsuntsayen ƙaura. Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a mafi yawan yankuna na arewacin kan matsa zuwa yankuna masu dumi a lokacin sanyi. Amma sauyin yanayi na Kirimiya da Caucasus ya riga ya dace da tsuntsaye masu hunturu, inda suke isowa duk shekara.
Kusa da arewa, galibi tsuntsayen sukan sauka a cikin dazuzzuka na gwaiwa, amma kuma a kudu ana samun su a cikin gandun daji da aka gauraye, kuma suna zama a cikin gandun daji na itacen oak, inda akwai wadataccen abinci a gare su. Wasu lokuta suna yadawa a yankin gandun daji.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tattabarar itace
Ban da lokutan kiwon kaji, daji kurciya kurciya kurciya yawanci ya fi son zama tare da sauran garken tumaki, yawan mutane wanda yawansu yakai tsuntsaye da yawa. Musamman manyan tarin aladu na itace ana ƙirƙirarsu yayin jiragen saman kaka.
Kodayake tsuntsaye suna gida a cikin kwanciyar hankali na gandun daji masu haɗari da haɗuwa (galibi akan gefensu), aladu sun fi son yin sauran lokacin a cikin filayen, inda galibi suke da abinci.
Vyahiri yana son tarawa cikin garken tumaki
Tsuntsaye ne masu hankali, amma a lokaci guda suna da motsi da kuzari. Bada murya, su, kamar dukkan tantabaru, sun yi sanyi: "Kru-kuuuu-ku-ku-kuku." Kuma tana tashi daga ƙasa, tattabara ta fika fikafikan ta da ƙarfi sosai, tana fitar da bushe-bushe tare da su.
Saurari muryar tattabara
Farautar tattabara na cikin abubuwan wasanni da yawa kuma yana da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Gaskiya ne, taka tsantsan na irin wadannan tsuntsayen yana haifar da matsaloli da yawa ga masu son irin wannan nishaɗin, amma sha'awar yin tsinkaye da jan hankalin tsuntsayen yana ƙara farin ciki da annashuwa ga nishaɗin. Kuma daga mafarauta ana buƙatar adadin nutsuwa, taka tsantsan, juriya da haƙuri.
A cikin bazara, a kan yankuna da aka halatta, yan koyo don gudu bayan gashin tsuntsaye masu farauta da tattabaru. A lokaci guda, gogaggen mafarauta suna yin kwaikwayon muryoyin tsuntsaye, don haka suna jan hankalinsu.
A lokacin rani sukan yi farauta tattabara itace daga cushe dabbobi... Wannan wata hanya ce ta yau da kullun don yaudarar irin wannan ganimar. Tsuntsu mai wucin gadi da aka yi shi da surar kurciya daji tattabara itace, saya a sauƙaƙe, kuma ana sayar da irin waɗannan kayan wasan a shagunan musamman.
Kuma takwarorinsu na rayuwa, wadanda suka saba da zama cikin garken tumaki, ganin “danginsu”, sun tashi sama sun zauna cikin farin ciki, wanda shi ne abin da masu son farautar mafarauta ke amfani da shi. Haka kuma, mafi yawan dabbobin da ake cushewa, hakan shine mafi girman yuwuwar karkatar da mafi yawan tantabaru daji cikin irin wannan dabarar. An hana farautar tattabaru na itace tare da cututtukan pneumatics a kasarmu, kodayake masu karya doka suna amfani da irin wannan makamin.
Sakamakon farautar tsuntsaye da yawa, yawancin raƙuman kurciya, alal misali, Columba palumbus azorica, suna cikin haɗari mai girma kuma suna fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa, don haka aka jera su a cikin Littafin Ja.
Wani yanki na tattabaru na itace, wanda a da yake zaune tsibirin tsibirin Madeira, da rashin alheri, an lalata shi gaba ɗaya a karnin da ya gabata. Yawan kurcin katako na Azores, kodayake masana na ɗaukarsa a cikin kewayon al'ada, amma, a da yana zaune a duk manyan tsibirin tsibirin, yanzu ana kiyaye su ne kawai a tsibirin Pico da San Miguel.
Yawan aladu na itace ba su da yawa a yau. Kuma yawan mutanen tattabarai na raguwa sosai ba kawai saboda harbinsu ba, amma kuma ta hanyar sare dazuzzuka na gandun daji inda suke rayuwa a da.
Kurciya abinci
Vyakhiri da ke zaune a kusa da gandun daji da bishiyoyi na itacen oak suna cin abinci a kan cones, spruce seed and acorns. Tsuntsaye suna same su akan rassan bishiyoyi kuma suna tattara su daga ƙasa. Dukan garken aladun itace suna tururuwa don ciyarwa a wuraren wadataccen abinci wanda ya dace da su, kuma, a ƙa'ida, tsuntsaye, da suka zaɓi wuri ɗaya da suka dace, sun gwammace komawa can.
Don abinci tattabara itace kurciya yana amfani da umesa ,an umesa fruitsaumesa, fruitsa fruitsan itace, nutsa nutsa, ganye, har da seedsa ofan tsire-tsire iri-iri, waɗanda yawancinsu ke shan hatsin daji; ban da haka, tana yin liyafa a kan 'ya'yan itace: lingonberries, blueberries, blueberries. Goiter din wadannan tsuntsayen yana da yawan gaske kuma yana dauke da dukkan abincin hatsi da har na katako bakwai.
Ana lakaɗa ƙwayoyin bera na Vyakhiri kai tsaye daga cikin ciyawar. Yawancin lokaci ba a taɓa manyan tsire-tsire, amma ƙananan suna iya tarawa a zahiri a tushen. Daga abincin dabbobi, wanda ba shi da ƙima a cikin abincin tsuntsaye, suna amfani da tsutsotsi da caterpillars.
Rashin rauni na aladun itace hatsin burodi, wanda wani lokacin yakan haifar da matsala mai yawa ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Kuma bayan an girbe a cikin gonaki, tsuntsaye da yawa suna tururuwa zuwa wuraren da ake noman alkama da sauran hatsi don cin ribar abin da ke wurin, suna yawo a cikin kwarya kuma suna karɓar abincin da suka fi so daga gare su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na tattabara itace
Tsuntsun Kurciya suna haifar da gida don kajinsu yawanci a tsakiyar Turai, da kuma a yammacin Siberia, inda lokacin nest yakan tashi daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba. Tsuntsayen suna dawowa bayan tashi daga hunturu zuwa wuraren da suka saba dasu a lokacin bazara, kuma a garkensu, tare da wadanda suka riga suka zama manya-manya, da yawa daga samari tsuntsaye suka zo.
A cikin hoton, aladun itace guda biyu
Maza marasa aure, suna zaune a saman bishiyoyi, suna nishi da ƙarfi, suna jan hankalin 'yan matansu, kuma suna yin aiki musamman da safe. A ƙarshen watan Afrilu, tattabarai, bayan sun yi zaɓinsu, galibi daga ƙarshe sukan rabu biyu-biyu, suna ƙwazo fara gina nests.
Vyakhiri kuma suna kiwon kajinsu a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, inda suke kiwo shekara-shekara, galibi ba tare da barin gidajensu ba. Kurcun katako suna gina gida gida da sauri, kuma suna iya kammala aikinsu cikin daysan kwanaki kaɗan. Tushen mazaunin kajin na gaba rassa ne masu kauri, an haɗa su tare da masu sassauƙa da siraran.
A cikin hoton, gida na tattabarar itace
Kuma a ƙarshen ginin, sako-sako, mai jujjuyawa daga kowane ɓangare, ana samun gurbi mai laushi, an kafa shi akan bishiyoyi, yawanci a tsayin da bai wuce mita biyu ba. Wasu lokuta tsuntsaye suna amfani da tsofaffin gine-ginen wasu tsuntsaye: ƙananan falcons, magpies da hankaka.
Bayan gurbi, za a fara wasannin wasan dabbar, wanda ke bayyana a cikin muryar maza da tashinsu tare da da'irori da sauka na lokaci-lokaci a kan mace. Kuma bayan an kammala ayyukan ibada, daga karshe sai a dage kwan. Tunda tsuntsaye suna da hankali, musamman a lokacin kiwo, sukan yi ɓuya a cikin ganyayen daga masu farauta, manyan dabbobi da mutane.
Kuma nan da nan sai su yi shiru lokacin da wani abu mai tuhuma ya bayyana, suna ɓoye a bayan rassan bishiyoyin coniferous, inda, a matsayinsu na ƙa'ida, suke samar da gida-gida, wanda galibi akwai kusan kaji biyu.
A cikin hoton, kajin Vyakhir
Mahaifiyar Vyakhir ta shirya kwayayenta tsawon kwanaki 15-18. Uba yana taimaka mata a cikin komai, saboda haka duka iyayen suna da himma sosai wajen kiwon kajin. Nan gaba sai lokacin ciyarwa ga kajin, wanda yakai kimanin makonni hudu. Vyakhiri yana ciyar da yaransu da farko tare da sirrin cuku na gida na goiter, amma a hankali jariran suna komawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan abinci.
Kaji ba sa wuce kwanaki 40 a cikin gida. Suna koyon tashi sama ba tare da barin iyayensu ba a karo na farko, amma ba da daɗewa ba suka fara rayuwa da kansu. Vyakhiri ya rayu kimanin shekaru 16.
